International Journal of Law Crime and Justice最新文献_第6页

The aftermath of campus sexual harassment: Psychological and academic effects 校园性骚扰的后果：心理和学术影响

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100748

Paz Guarderas-Albuja, Marcos Zumárraga-Espinosa, Ximena Ramírez-Ocaña, Johanna Luzuriaga

In recent years, sexual harassment (SH) in universities has become a significant concern in Ecuador. This research aims to examine the psychological and academic effects of SH on university students, focusing on three specific outcome variables: absenteeism, presenteeism, and anxious-depressive symptoms. Additionally, the study explores whether the relationships of interest are influenced by students' gender identity and sexual orientation. The quantitative empirical analysis was conducted using a probabilistic sample of 21,876 students from 14 public and private universities in Ecuador. University SH was assessed using the Sexual Harassment Scale in Higher Education Institutions (ASIES), and data analysis was performed using Poisson regressions. The findings indicate a positive relationship between SH and the outcomes considered. When analyzing the various dimensions of harassment, it is observed that verbal and non-verbal harassment are the modalities that generate the most relevant effects. On the other hand, the psychoeducational repercussions of harassment are moderated by gender identity and sexual orientation, with women and heterosexual students experiencing more pronounced effects. In this context, the findings suggest that SH tends to have a less significant impact on the academic engagement and mental health of sexual minorities.

近年来，大学性骚扰已成为厄瓜多尔的一个重大问题。本研究的目的是考察心理和学业对大学生的影响，重点关注三个特定的结果变量：旷工、出勤和焦虑抑郁症状。此外，本研究还探讨了兴趣关系是否受到学生性别认同和性取向的影响。定量实证分析采用厄瓜多尔14所公立和私立大学的21876名学生的概率样本进行。采用高校性骚扰量表（ASIES）对高校性骚扰行为进行评估，并采用泊松回归对数据进行分析。研究结果表明，SH与考虑的结果之间存在正相关关系。在分析骚扰的各个维度时，可以观察到言语和非言语骚扰是产生最相关影响的方式。另一方面，性骚扰的心理教育影响受到性别认同和性取向的缓和，女性和异性恋学生受到的影响更为明显。在此背景下，研究结果表明，性取向对性少数群体的学业投入和心理健康的影响不太显著。

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引用次数: 0

Foreword to the special issue of feminist approaches to justice: Contributions to CSW68 in the International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 《女权主义对待正义的方法》特刊的前言：对《国际法律、犯罪和司法杂志》第68届妇女权利问题的贡献

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100747

Ivy Koek, Pamela Morgan

引用次数: 0

The effect of victims and perpetrators’ sex on intervening in non-physical intimate partner violence scenarios 受害者和施暴者的性别对干预非肢体亲密伴侣暴力情景的影响

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100746

B. Kennath Widanaralalage , Evren Raman , Anthony D. Murphy

Non-physical intimate partner violence (NPIPV) encompasses emotional, psychological, and financial abuse within intimate relationships, increasingly recognized for its subtle yet pervasive impact. This study investigates demographic and situational influences on observers' responses to NPIPV scenarios, involving 381 participants (54 % female). Utilizing factorial vignette designs, we analysed how manipulating victim and perpetrator sex affected evaluations of abuse, intervention likelihood, and recommendations for professional support and police reporting. Results from ordinal logistic regression indicate significant associations: observer ethnicity influenced abuse perceptions, with lower odds among mixed and Black ethnicities compared to White participants. Interactions between observer sex and victim-perpetrator dyads revealed nuanced perceptions. Additionally, observer sex and ethnicity influenced support-seeking recommendations, while reporting to police recommendations varied by victim-perpetrator characteristics and marital status. These findings emphasize the necessity of accounting for demographic factors in addressing NPIPV and devising targeted interventions for improving access to health and criminal justice services.

非身体亲密伴侣暴力（NPIPV）包括亲密关系中的情感、心理和经济虐待，其微妙而普遍的影响日益得到认可。本研究调查了人口统计学和情境对观察者对NPIPV情景反应的影响，涉及381名参与者（54%为女性）。利用因子小插图设计，我们分析了操纵受害者和加害者性别如何影响虐待评估、干预可能性以及专业支持和警察报告的建议。有序逻辑回归的结果显示了显著的关联：观察者的种族影响虐待感知，与白人参与者相比，混血和黑人参与者的几率更低。观察者性别和受害者-加害者二元组之间的互动揭示了微妙的感知。此外，观察员的性别和种族影响寻求支持的建议，而向警察报告的建议因受害者-犯罪者特征和婚姻状况而异。这些调查结果强调，在处理国家方案方案和制定有针对性的干预措施以改善获得保健和刑事司法服务的机会时，必须考虑到人口因素。

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引用次数: 0

‘Nowhere is safe for us’: An analysis of gender discrimination against female inmates in a male correctional institution “对我们来说没有安全的地方”：一项对男性教养机构中女性囚犯性别歧视的分析

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100745

Macpherson Uchenna Nnam , Mercy Chioma Arua , Nontyatyambo Pearl Dastile , Christopher Chukwu Arua , Onyekachi Eni

This study analysed gender discrimination against female inmates in the Abakaliki custodial centre in Nigeria. Using a qualitative phenomenological design and a purposive sampling approach, open-ended interviews with 31 female inmates were transcribed and analysed thematically. Findings uncovered how the prison reproduces a sexist ideology and shapes the realities of these women within the system. There was an apparent disparity in prison rules and management with women disadvantaged. They experienced restrictions in movement, strict surveillance, limited educational, vocational and recreational training, and exclusion from paid and unpaid employment opportunities. Other lived experiences shared were lack of access to recreational and sports activities that could improve their physical and mental health, stereotypes, and extended patriarchal dominance. The study expands the literature in feminist and radical/critical criminology by providing an in-depth examination and understanding of carceral life course and female offenders' nuanced experiences from African perspectives. Firsthand knowledge can inform more integrative, operative and suitable need-based correctional techniques, therapies, and practices. Redesigning prison architecture and administration will effectively address the lopsided training or educational programmes. The diversion of women's custody to community-based corrections and facilitation for those with low-level risks and less severe offending pathways is recommended.

这项研究分析了尼日利亚Abakaliki拘留中心对女性囚犯的性别歧视。采用定性现象学设计和有目的的抽样方法，对31名女囚犯的开放式访谈进行了转录和主题分析。调查结果揭示了监狱是如何再现性别歧视的意识形态，并在该系统中塑造了这些女性的现实。监狱的规则和管理与处于不利地位的妇女之间存在明显的差距。他们的行动受到限制，受到严格监视，教育、职业和娱乐培训有限，并被排除在有薪和无薪就业机会之外。其他共同的生活经历是缺乏可以改善身心健康的娱乐和体育活动，陈规定型观念和父权统治的扩大。该研究扩展了女权主义和激进/批判犯罪学的文献，从非洲的角度对罪犯的生命历程和女性罪犯的微妙经历进行了深入的研究和理解。第一手的知识可以为更综合的、可操作的和合适的基于需求的矫正技术、治疗和实践提供信息。重新设计监狱建筑和管理将有效地解决培训或教育方案不平衡的问题。建议将妇女监护转移到社区矫正，并为那些风险低、犯罪途径不太严重的妇女提供便利。

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引用次数: 0

Legislation and institutional practices concerning compensation for victims of rape in Denmark 丹麦关于赔偿强奸受害者的立法和体制做法

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100742

Louise Victoria Johansen

This article investigates the framework for compensating rape victims in Denmark, focusing on the interplay between legislation, victim lawyers' roles, and institutional practices, particularly those of the Victim Compensation Board (VCB). Grounded in legal, qualitative, and quantitative analyses, I focus specifically on the roles of victim's lawyers and the Victim Compensation Board in relation to victims and examine the levels of compensation awarded to victims of rape in the years between 2013 and 2021, as well as the reasons given by the Board to qualify its decisions. Two primary points of analysis are addressed: first, the role of victim lawyers in supporting rape victims during the legal process and its impact on compensation outcomes; second, the influence of societal and legal constructs of rape—specifically the distinctions between stranger, contact, and partner rape—on compensation levels and reporting patterns.

The study addresses the lack of legal representation for victims at the VCB stage, which often leads to reduced compensation, particularly in complex categories like permanent injuries and lost earnings. It also examines how the new Consent Act on rape from 2020, while increasing reporting rates, has not improved conviction rates regarding the crime or significantly altered compensation practices, which remain influenced by outdated notions of coercion and visible injury. By highlighting these issues, the article argues for more transparent guidelines and extended legal aid to align Denmark's practices with international human rights obligations.

本文调查了丹麦补偿强奸受害者的框架，重点关注立法、受害者律师的角色和机构实践，特别是受害者赔偿委员会（VCB）的机构实践之间的相互作用。在法律、定性和定量分析的基础上，我特别关注受害者律师和受害者赔偿委员会在与受害者有关的问题上的作用，并审查2013年至2021年期间向强奸受害者提供的赔偿水平，以及委员会给出的决定合格的理由。主要分析了两个问题：首先，受害者律师在法律程序中支持强奸受害者的作用及其对赔偿结果的影响；其次，强奸的社会和法律结构——特别是陌生人、接触者和伴侣强奸之间的区别——对赔偿水平和报告模式的影响。该研究解决了在VCB阶段受害者缺乏法律代理的问题，这往往导致赔偿减少，特别是在永久性伤害和收入损失等复杂类别中。报告还审查了从2020年开始实施的关于强奸的新《同意法》虽然提高了报案率，但如何没有提高犯罪的定罪率，也没有显著改变赔偿做法，这些做法仍然受到过时的胁迫和可见伤害观念的影响。通过强调这些问题，文章主张制定更透明的指导方针和扩大法律援助，使丹麦的做法与国际人权义务保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

How much is the crime prevention programme for fraud worth? On the cost benefit analysis in the case of police with unsolved cases remaining 预防欺诈犯罪计划价值几何？关于尚未破案的警方的成本效益分析

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100744

Youngsub Lee , Cholsoo Koh , Joon Bae Suh

This paper attempts to estimate the monetary value of preventive policing programmes that are being adopted by police forces around the world in response to growing concerns about economic crime. To do this, we reviewed existing studies on the cost of crime and cost-benefit analysis, set the standard for calculating the economic indicators using highly reliable data, and derived two indicators to measure the value of preventive policing against economic crime: the reduction in direct financial loss and the conditional reduction in criminal justice costs from reduced police officer workload. As a policing case to apply the indicators, we selected the National Counter Scam Centre's (NCSC) technology-based prevention and advice policy in the Korean police. By comparing two sets of data, we found that the victimisation rate of citizens who benefited from the policy was 1 %, which is 2.35 % lower than the victimisation rate of the general population of 3.35 %. Based on this, it is estimated that if 1239 (December 2023 average) preventative counselling sessions were provided every day for one year (249 working days), a total of around £101.4 million in direct harm would be prevented. However, in the case of criminal justice cost savings, we found that the remaining unsolved case problems in the target society would require police officers to work at full capacity, even with the preventive policing programme, which leads to no change in workload-based cost savings. As a result, this study found that the benefits of preventive policing are 58 times greater than the costs, while presenting new standards in criminal justice cost saving estimation, the issue of unsolved cases when estimating cost savings from workload changes in policing. However, the short timeframe of this study's methods (pre- and post-intervention) has the limitation in terms of its evidential robustness.

本文试图估计预防性警务方案的货币价值，世界各地的警察部队正在采用这些方案，以应对对经济犯罪日益增长的关切。为此，我们回顾了有关犯罪成本和成本效益分析的现有研究，使用高度可靠的数据制定了计算经济指标的标准，并推导出两个指标来衡量预防性警务对经济犯罪的价值：减少直接经济损失和减少警务人员工作量有条件地减少刑事司法成本。作为应用这些指标的警务案例，我们选择了韩国警方国家反诈骗中心（NCSC）基于技术的预防和建议政策。通过对比两组数据，我们发现受益于该政策的公民受害率为1%，比普通人群的受害率（3.35%）低2.35%。基于此，据估计，如果在一年（249个工作日）内每天提供1239次（平均2023年12月）预防性咨询，将防止总计约1.014亿英镑的直接伤害。然而，在节省刑事司法成本的情况下，我们发现目标社会中尚未解决的案件问题需要警务人员满负荷工作，即使有预防性警务计划，这导致基于工作量的成本节约没有变化。因此，本研究发现预防性警务的收益是成本的58倍，同时提出了刑事司法成本节约估算的新标准，在估算警务工作量变化带来的成本节约时，未解决案件的问题。然而，本研究方法的短时间框架（干预前和干预后）在其证据稳健性方面存在局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Visibilizing the economic oppression of sex workers and the imperative of donor support 可见性工作者的经济压迫和捐助支持的必要性

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100743

Nadine Gloss , Susana Fried , Jules Kim , Luca Stevenson

Sex workers worldwide continue to face violence and barriers to accessing economic rights due to stigma, discrimination and criminalization. In the face of economic exclusion, sex worker rights organizations have mobilized the limited resources available to create economic empowerment programs within their communities to support sex workers' economic security and independence. In this article, we develop a concept of economic empowerment in the context of sex work. Based on community-led research by the Global Network of Sex Work Projects and panel contributions from sex workers and their allies at the NGO forum during the 68th session of the Commission on the Status of Women, we provide examples of more sustainable and rights-based alternatives to programs focusing on rehabilitation and 'exiting' the industry. While more support and funding for sex worker-led programs is needed, political advocacy for sex workers' rights must also be supported so that sex workers can access economic and social rights on an equal basis with other workers. We conclude that strong allyship between the women's movement and the sex workers' rights movement must continue to encourage greater inclusion of sex workers in discussions about feminist economic justice.

由于污名化、歧视和定罪，世界各地的性工作者在获得经济权利方面继续面临暴力和障碍。面对经济排斥，性工作者权利组织动员有限的可用资源在社区内创建经济赋权项目，以支持性工作者的经济安全和独立。在本文中，我们提出了性工作背景下的经济赋权概念。基于全球性工作项目网络的社区主导研究，以及性工作者及其盟友在第68届妇女地位委员会非政府组织论坛上的小组贡献，我们提供了一些更可持续、更基于权利的替代方案，而不是专注于康复和“退出”这个行业的项目。虽然需要为性工作者主导的项目提供更多的支持和资金，但也必须支持对性工作者权利的政治倡导，以便性工作者能够与其他工作者平等地获得经济和社会权利。我们的结论是，妇女运动和性工作者权利运动之间的强大联盟必须继续鼓励性工作者更多地参与关于女权主义经济正义的讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Access to technology, access to justice: China’s artificial intelligence application in criminal proceedings 获得技术，获得司法：中国人工智能在刑事诉讼中的应用

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100741

Wanqiang Wu , Xifen Lin

This article investigates Shanghai's “206” system, recognized as China's leading AI-assisted criminal case handling system, through an analysis of three distinct implementation scenarios in judicial processes. The study explores the role of artificial intelligence in assisting prosecutors and judges across various stages of criminal proceedings, highlighting both the advancements achieved and the limitations encountered. The research identifies critical challenges concerning system utilisation, the accuracy of outputs, and the transparency of underlying algorithms. Furthermore, the findings reveal three significant concerns: the AI system may inadvertently strengthen anchoring effects, compress procedural participation of defendants, and encourage accountability avoidance among judicial officers. Despite these challenges, this article argues that carefully designed judicial procedures can effectively mitigate associated risks while maximizing AI's benefits to criminal proceedings. This analysis contributes to the broader discourse of AI integration in judicial systems and offers practical insights for future implementations.

本文通过分析司法过程中三种不同的实施场景，对被公认为中国领先的人工智能辅助刑事案件处理系统——上海“206”系统进行了调查。该研究探讨了人工智能在刑事诉讼的各个阶段协助检察官和法官的作用，强调了所取得的进展和遇到的限制。该研究确定了有关系统利用率、输出准确性和底层算法透明度的关键挑战。此外，研究结果揭示了三个重要问题：人工智能系统可能无意中加强锚定效应，压缩被告的程序参与，并鼓励司法官员回避问责。尽管存在这些挑战，本文认为，精心设计的司法程序可以有效地降低相关风险，同时最大限度地提高人工智能对刑事诉讼的好处。这一分析有助于更广泛地讨论司法系统中人工智能的整合，并为未来的实施提供实际见解。

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引用次数: 0

A user-centric taxonomy of cyber harm in the metaverse 以用户为中心的元宇宙网络危害分类法

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100734

Jeb Webb, Sophie McKenzie, Robin Doss, Radhika Gorur, Graeme Pye, William Yeoh

This paper proposes a user-centric taxonomy of cyber harm for use in development of a metaverse-oriented harm prevention approach for children. This contrasts with extant models of cyber harm which consider harm from an organisational perspective, with an eye to business impact. The taxonomy is a synthesis resulting from analyses of Australian legislation, the IEEE 3527.1 international standard, term definitions given in law and psychology dictionaries, specific government provisions, and peer-reviewed literature. It comprises a list of harmful or potentially harmful behaviours, each of which serves as a parent category for different types of harmful scenarios. An iterative approach to analysis was employed to develop the taxonomy, which was then tested through a review of scholarly literature.

本文提出了一种以用户为中心的网络伤害分类法，用于开发面向儿童的面向元的伤害预防方法。这与现有的网络伤害模型形成鲜明对比，后者从组织角度考虑伤害，着眼于业务影响。该分类法综合分析了澳大利亚立法、IEEE 3527.1国际标准、法律和心理学词典中给出的术语定义、具体的政府规定和同行评审的文献。它包括一系列有害或潜在有害的行为，每一种行为都是不同类型有害场景的父类别。采用迭代的分析方法来开发分类法，然后通过对学术文献的回顾来测试分类法。

引用次数: 0

Correctional officer recruits’ navigation of overwhelm: Internal and external strategies 狱警新兵在不知所措时的导航：内部和外部策略

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

International Journal of Law Crime and Justice

Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100731

Katy Konyk , Katherine Maurer , Rosemary Ricciardelli , Cheryl Regehr , Marjorie Rabiau

Internationally, little is known of how correctional officer recruits (CORs), those beginning their careers as federal COs, navigate states of overwhelm (i.e., moments of acute stress) and whether their responses to overwhelm could be adaptive to the carceral environment. In this study, we analyze qualitative interviews with 27 Canadian CORs (18 male, 8 female) on navigating overwhelm to understand their preemployment strategies for responding to acute stress. Our grounded theory analysis reveals that CORs engage in both externally focused (i.e., stressor resolution) and internally focused (i.e., emotion regulation) coping strategies to navigate overwhelm. Additionally, CORs seek out relational support and identify how overwhelm can be an opportunity to grow and learn new strategies. We discuss how CORs’ reports of employing both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies can shape how the organization supports CORs and COs in maintaining and developing new coping skills for overwhelm, specifically by creating conditions for regulatory flexibility and fostering strong relationships.

在国际上，很少有人知道狱警新兵（CORs），那些开始他们的职业生涯的联邦狱警，如何应对压力状态（即急性压力时刻），以及他们对压力的反应是否可以适应监狱环境。在这项研究中，我们分析了27名加拿大CORs（18名男性，8名女性）在应对压力方面的定性访谈，以了解他们在就业前应对急性压力的策略。我们的基础理论分析表明，CORs参与外部聚焦（即压力源解决）和内部聚焦（即情绪调节）应对策略来应对压力。此外，CORs寻求关系支持，并确定压力如何成为成长和学习新策略的机会。我们讨论了CORs关于采用以问题为中心和以情绪为中心的应对策略的报告如何影响组织如何支持CORs和co维持和发展新的应对压力的技能，特别是通过为监管灵活性创造条件和培养牢固的关系。

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引用次数: 0