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Global Social Policy Digest 22.1: Old problems in a Corona context 《全球社会政策摘要》22.1:科罗纳背景下的旧问题
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181221079098
Margaret Babirye, J. Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, A. Boyashov, Sara Cufré, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan C. Laws, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze
is especially to ‘help our most vulnerable countries struggling to cope with the impact of the COVID-19 crisis,’ having a large chunk of the SDRs sitting idle on the balance sheets of high-income countries is unhelpful. get worse with climate change. This is an urgent global challenge and we need to step up to it. The science is clear and has been for years. 108
特别是为了“帮助我们最脆弱的国家努力应对COVID-19危机的影响”,让大量特别提款权闲置在高收入国家的资产负债表上是无益的。随着气候变化变得更糟。这是一项紧迫的全球挑战,我们需要加紧应对。科学是明确的,多年来一直如此。108
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引用次数: 0
Building back better? Rethinking gender and recovery in the time of COVID-19 重建得更好?新冠肺炎时代的性别与康复反思
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181221079087
Kaira Zoe Alburo-Cañete
Amid growing concerns regarding how the COVID-19 crisis is derailing the important gains made in advancing gender equality and women empowerment over the years, calls to integrate gender perspectives in ‘building back better’ from the pandemic have been heightened (Azcona et al., 2021; OHCHR, 2021). These calls are not new but have been a staple of discourses around recovery and reconstruction across different contexts marked by disaster, conflict and other forms of crises. Popularised by former US President Bill Clinton in his capacity as UN Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery, ‘build back better’ has since been a normative principle adopted by the international humanitarian community (Clinton, 2006). It denotes creating a new state of normalcy: that is, rebuilding is no longer thought of as bouncing back but bouncing forward to a new and improved state. What a ‘better’ transformation looks like is of course a matter of interpretation and is highly contentious. In this article, I focus on how gender figures in imaginations of building a ‘better’ post-pandemic future. To do so, I draw on insights from previous research on women’s experiences of postdisaster reconstruction in the Philippines after typhoon Haiyan (Alburo-Cañete, 2021a, 2021b) and highlight opportunities and challenges in achieving the transformation desired in attempts to rebuild from the pandemic, focussing on the notion of care.
随着人们越来越担心新冠肺炎危机如何破坏多年来在促进性别平等和赋予妇女权力方面取得的重要成果,将性别观点纳入从疫情中“重建得更好”的呼声越来越高(Azcona et al.,2021;人权高专办,2021)。这些呼吁并不新鲜,但一直是以灾难、冲突和其他形式危机为标志的不同背景下围绕复苏和重建的主要讨论。美国前总统比尔·克林顿以联合国海啸灾后恢复特使的身份广受欢迎,“重建得更好”已成为国际人道主义界采用的规范原则(克林顿,2006年)。它意味着创造一种新的常态:也就是说,重建不再被认为是反弹,而是向前反弹到一个新的、改善的状态。“更好”的转变看起来是什么样子当然是一个解释问题,并且极具争议。在这篇文章中,我关注的是在建设一个“更美好”的后疫情未来的想象中,性别是如何塑造的。为此,我借鉴了之前对台风“海燕”(Alburo Cañete,2021a、2021b)后菲律宾妇女灾后重建经历的研究的见解,并强调了实现从疫情中重建所需转变的机遇和挑战,重点关注护理的概念。
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引用次数: 0
The International Labour Organisation as nodal player on the pitch of networked governance: Shifting the goalposts for migrant workers in Qatar 国际劳工组织(ilo)作为网络化治理球场上的节点参与者:改变卡塔尔移民工人的门柱
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211065240
N. Piper
This article assesses the role of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) as a player within the multi-actor sphere of global migration governance. The aim is to analyse the ILO’s leadership within this sphere that is characterised by shifting dynamics between rules-based and rights-based approaches as a result of the multiplication of actors and, given its normative predisposition, the effects on the ILO’s ability to advance migrant workers’ labour rights. The article is premised on the assumption that the promotion of a rights-based approach to labour migration via the ILO’s decent work agenda depends upon the presence of effective and proactive governing institutions as well as appropriate regulation. Contemporary scholarship highlights the importance of organisational networks across multiple sites and levels of policy making in order to achieve change. The situation of the highly precarious migrant workforce involved in the construction of the physical infrastructure for the Football World Cup 2022 in Qatar demonstrates the particular challenges posed by an unfavourable institutional environment. This leads to the argument that stratified organisational networks at the intersection of various institutional nodes are required to keep shifting the goalpost – and the ILO is one such node. The conception of global governance as nodal provides an understanding of how such networks can generate multi-directional and concerted action across various organisational actors and over time, contributing to the advancement of migrants’ labour rights.
本文评估了国际劳工组织(ILO)在全球移民治理的多参与者领域中的作用。其目的是分析国际劳工组织在这一领域的领导地位,其特点是,由于行为者的增多,基于规则的方法和基于权利的方法之间的动态变化,以及鉴于其规范倾向,对国际劳工组织促进移民工人劳动权利的能力的影响。这篇文章的前提是,通过国际劳工组织的体面工作议程,促进以权利为基础的劳工移徙方法取决于有效和积极的管理机构以及适当的监管。当代学术强调了跨多个地点和政策制定层面的组织网络的重要性,以实现变革。参与2022年卡塔尔世界杯足球赛有形基础设施建设的高度不稳定的移民劳动力的情况表明,不利的体制环境带来了特殊的挑战。这导致了这样一种论点,即需要在各种机构节点的交叉点上建立分层的组织网络来不断改变目标——而国际劳工组织就是这样一个节点。全球治理作为节点的概念使我们了解了这种网络如何在不同的组织行动者之间产生多方向和协调一致的行动,并随着时间的推移,为促进移民的劳工权利做出贡献。
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引用次数: 2
Assembling an international social protection for the migrant: Juridical categorization in ILO migration standards, 1919–1939 对移民的国际社会保护:1919-1939年国际劳工组织移民标准中的法律分类
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211052921
L. Kawar
This article applies a history of knowledge perspective to interwar International Labour Organization (ILO) efforts to produce generalized international instruments for governing migrant labor. The historical analysis explores what it meant in the interwar context to devise ‘an international common law of the emigrant’. It focuses particular attention on the process through which juridical techniques formalized a distinction between ‘migration for employment’ and ‘migratory movements of indigenous workers’. Foregrounding the constructed nature of these categories highlights the underlying race-based notions that informed interwar ILO standard-setting frameworks. More broadly, tracing the knowledge-making processes through which seemingly objective categorical distinctions have been constructed and reconstructed opens space for questioning and potentially rethinking the functionally differentiated normative frameworks through which global policymaking approaches human mobility today.
本文将知识史视角应用于两次世界大战期间国际劳工组织(ILO)制定管理移民劳工的通用国际文书的努力。历史分析探讨了在两次世界大战的背景下,制定“移民国际普通法”意味着什么。它特别关注司法技术正式区分“为就业而移徙”和“土著工人的移徙流动”的过程。这些类别的构建性质突出了为两次世界大战之间的国际劳工组织标准制定框架提供信息的基于种族的基本概念。更广泛地说,追溯构建和重建看似客观的分类区别的知识创造过程,为质疑和可能重新思考当今全球政策制定所采用的功能差异化规范框架开辟了空间。
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引用次数: 1
Following a moving target on a global scale: Gender data collection during COVID-19 跟踪全球范围内的移动目标:COVID-19期间的性别数据收集
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/14680181221079088
Silke Staab, C. Tabbush
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, feminists in academia, international organizations and civil society were quick to predict that its impact on gender equality would be detrimental (Alon et al., 2020; UN Secretary General, 2020; Wenham et al., 2020). To make their case, they first drew on evidence and lessons from previous crises, but then moved swiftly to collect, analyze and disseminate real-time data—both quantitative and qualitative. This “groundswell of expert activism” (Harman, 2021: 617) was driven by the purposeful and often innovative action of committed gender equality advocates across institutional spaces. Between March 2020 and March 2021, for example, UN Women conducted rapid gender assessments in over 50 countries, collecting gender data on the impact of COVID19 on employment, unpaid care, mental and physical health, and access to government relief through specially designed surveys.1 These and other impact data left no doubt about the gendered fallout of the pandemic, but were governments heeding these insights to inform their response and recovery efforts? Being able to answer this question seemed critical to shape the global policy discourse and hold national governments to account. By May 2020, however, not one of the global policy trackers that monitored government responses to the pandemic included a gender perspective. Public health trackers— such as the WHO COVID-19 Health System Monitor2—focused squarely on first order responses, ignoring measures to address second-order effects such as increasing rates of domestic violence or limited access to sexual and reproductive health services. Meanwhile, trackers monitoring the economic and social policy response—including the ILO’s Social Protection Monitor,3 the World Bank’s Real Time Review of Social Protection and Jobs Responses4 or the IMF’s macroeconomic response tracker5—provided no indication of whether and how countries were responding to large-scale job losses in feminized sectors, women’s heightened poverty risk and rising unpaid care
随着新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,学术界、国际组织和民间社会的女权主义者很快预测,其对性别平等的影响将是有害的(Alon等人,2020;联合国秘书长,2020;Wenham等人,2020)。为了证明自己的观点,他们首先借鉴了以往危机的证据和教训,但随后迅速采取行动,收集、分析和传播实时数据,包括定量和定性数据。这种“专家激进主义的浪潮”(Harman,2021:617)是由坚定的性别平等倡导者在机构空间采取的有目的且往往是创新的行动推动的。例如,在2020年3月至2021年3月期间,妇女署在50多个国家进行了快速性别评估,通过专门设计的调查收集了关于新冠肺炎对就业、无偿护理、身心健康以及获得政府救济的影响的性别数据19,但各国政府是否注意到了这些见解,从而为其应对和恢复工作提供了信息?能够回答这个问题似乎对塑造全球政策话语和追究各国政府的责任至关重要。然而,到2020年5月,监测政府应对疫情的全球政策跟踪机构中没有一个包含性别观点。公共卫生跟踪机构,如世界卫生组织新冠肺炎卫生系统监测机构2,完全专注于一级应对措施,忽视了解决二级影响的措施,如家庭暴力率上升或获得性和生殖健康服务的机会有限。与此同时,监测经济和社会政策反应的追踪机构——包括国际劳工组织的《社会保护监测》、3世界银行的《社会保障和就业反应实时审查》4或国际货币基金组织的宏观经济反应追踪机构5——没有提供任何迹象表明各国是否以及如何应对女性化部门的大规模失业,妇女贫困风险增加和无偿护理增加
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引用次数: 1
Seizing the opportunity to do things differently: Feminist ideas, policies and actors in UN Women’s ‘Feminist Plan for Sustainability and Social Justice’ 抓住机会以不同的方式做事:联合国妇女署“可持续发展和社会正义的女权主义计划”中的女权主义思想、政策和行动者
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/14680181221079096
J. Franzoni, Sarah Cook
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic early in 2020, we have heard global leaders, public intellectuals and civil society activists speaking of a crisis that requires not just "building back better" but rather a radical reconstruction of the pre-pandemic world. Among these, the United Nations Secretary General has called for a "New global Deal" and a "New social contract" rooted in global solidarity.
自2020年初2019冠状病毒病大流行开始以来,我们听到全球领导人、公共知识分子和民间社会活动人士谈到,这场危机不仅需要“重建得更好”,还需要彻底重建大流行前的世界。其中,联合国秘书长呼吁以全球团结为基础的“全球新政”和“新社会契约”。
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引用次数: 1
Pandemic, informality and women’s work: Redefining social protection priorities at WIEGO 大流行病、非正式行为和妇女工作:重新确定WIEGO的社会保护优先事项
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/14680181221079089
R. Moussié, L. Alfers
From the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the International Labour Office (ILO) projected that 1.6 billion of the 2 billion workers in the informal economy would be among the most severely affected. Social protection systems designed for labour markets characterized by formal employment struggled to provide relief and support to these workers as the global pandemic took hold. It is against this backdrop that WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing) - a research, advocacy and policy network aimed at improving the livelihoods of workers in the informal economy - deepened its engagement in global social protection policy debates.
从新冠肺炎大流行一开始,国际劳工局(劳工组织)就预测,非正规经济的20亿工人中有16亿人将受到最严重的影响。随着全球疫情的蔓延,为以正式就业为特征的劳动力市场设计的社会保护系统难以为这些工人提供救济和支持。正是在这种背景下,WIEGO(非正规就业妇女:全球化和组织化)——一个旨在改善非正规经济工人生计的研究、宣传和政策网络——加深了其对全球社会保护政策辩论的参与。
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引用次数: 1
Reaching people who are marginalized in major disability policy reform 在重大残疾政策改革中惠及边缘化人群
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/14680181221075558
K. Fisher, Sandra Gendera, Rosemary Kayess
Policy changes often aim to improve the access of socially marginalized people who face systemic, social and personal barriers to the support they need. A major policy reform in Australia was the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which was introduced to meet the country’s human rights obligations. NDIS is publicly funded to allocate individual funding packages to 10% of people with disability and facilitates access to mainstream services for all people with disability. Support services are intended to be entitlements, consistent with a human rights framework. Predictably, the most marginalized people remain under-represented in both packages and mainstream access, including people with psychosocial disability who are at risk of homelessness. A 2-year project was conducted to familiarize people with disability and service providers who have contact with them about how to access support. People with Disability Australia managed the project as action research with university researchers. The research used interviews to study how to improve access. People with disability were advisors to the governance and research design. The findings were that it took many months for people with disability and the organizations that support them to trust the project staff, understand the relevance of disability to their lives, and to take steps to seek their entitlements to support. Some implications for policy are conceptual in terms of the policy language of disability, which alienates some people from the services to which they are entitled. Other implications are bureaucratic – the gap between homeless and disability organizations means that they prioritize people’s immediate needs and people who are easier to serve, rather than facilitating sustainable support. A global social policy implication is that specialized interventions to advocate for the rights of marginalized people with disability and to demonstrate how to engage with them remains a priority while gaps between service types persist.
政策变化往往旨在改善处于社会边缘的人获得所需支持的机会,这些人在获得支持方面面临系统、社会和个人障碍。澳大利亚的一项重大政策改革是国家残疾保险计划,该计划旨在履行该国的人权义务。NDIS由公共资助,为10%的残疾人分配个人资助计划,并为所有残疾人获得主流服务提供便利。支助服务旨在成为符合人权框架的应享权利。可以预见的是,最边缘化的人在一揽子计划和主流准入方面的代表性仍然不足,包括有无家可归风险的心理残疾者。开展了一个为期两年的项目,让残疾人和与他们有联系的服务提供商熟悉如何获得支持。澳大利亚残疾人协会将该项目作为行动研究与大学研究人员一起管理。这项研究使用访谈来研究如何提高访问率。残疾人是治理和研究设计的顾问。调查结果表明,残疾人和支持他们的组织花了几个月的时间才信任项目工作人员,了解残疾与他们生活的相关性,并采取措施寻求他们的支持权利。从残疾的政策语言来看,对政策的一些影响是概念性的,这使一些人偏离了他们应有的服务。其他影响是官僚主义的——无家可归者和残疾人组织之间的差距意味着他们优先考虑人们的迫切需求和更容易服务的人,而不是促进可持续的支持。全球社会政策的影响是,在服务类型之间的差距持续存在的情况下,倡导边缘化残疾人权利并展示如何与他们接触的专门干预措施仍然是一个优先事项。
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引用次数: 1
Reproduction, discipline, inequality: Critiquing East-Asian developmentalism through a strategic-relational examination of Singapore’s Central Provident Fund 再生产、纪律、不平等:通过对新加坡中央公积金的战略关系考察对东亚发展主义的批判
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211059971
Joe Greener, Eve. Yeo
The five ‘developmentalist’ welfare states of East Asia (South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan) have been presented as successful projects of economic progress, positively aligning citizen-interests with business objective. Utilising Jessop’s Strategic-Relational Approach (SRA), we analyse the Central Provident Fund (CPF), Singapore’s ‘forced savings’ social policy which organises housing, healthcare, education and retirement. Through a myriad of eligibilities/ineligibilities, Singapore’s CPF administers desired social behaviours while sustaining a series of inequalities supporting certain classed and gendered interests over others. Our analysis breaks down the CPF into three social relational orientations: (1) heteronormative familial responsiblisation, (2) labour market activation and (3) class reproduction. The article highlights the function of CPF in institutionalising conservative and pro-market political interests. CPF reproduces material inequalities and fashions behaviours conducive with the dominant accumulation strategy while discouraging those which are not, privileging some interests over others.
东亚五个“发展主义”福利国家(韩国、新加坡、台湾、香港和日本)被列为经济进步的成功项目,使公民利益与商业目标积极一致。利用Jessop的战略关系方法(SRA),我们分析了中央公积金(CPF),这是新加坡的“强制储蓄”社会政策,它组织了住房、医疗、教育和退休。通过无数的不合格/不合格,新加坡的CPF管理着想要的社会行为,同时维持着一系列支持某些阶级和性别利益的不平等。我们的分析将CPF分解为三个社会关系取向:(1)非规范的家庭责任,(2)劳动力市场激活和(3)阶级再生产。文章强调了中央公积金在将保守和亲市场的政治利益制度化方面的作用。CPF再现了物质上的不平等,并形成了有利于占主导地位的积累战略的行为,同时劝阻了那些不利于的行为,使一些利益凌驾于其他利益之上。
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引用次数: 0
Global Social Policy Digest 21.3: Managing the fallout from COVID-19 全球社会政策文摘21.3:应对COVID-19的影响
IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211055644
Margaret Babirye, J. Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, A. Boyashov, Sara Cufré, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan C. Laws, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze
This issue of the Global Social Policy (GSP) Digest was produced under the editorship of Amanda Shriwise and co-edited by Sara Cufré and Meghan Laws and with support from Bielefeld University and the University of Bremen. It has been compiled by Margaret Babirye, John Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, Anatoly Boyashov, Sara Cufré, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan Laws, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze Waltrup and Amanda Shriwise. All websites referenced were accessible in July 2021. This edition of the Digest covers the period from February to May 2021.
本期《全球社会政策摘要》由Amanda Shriwise主编,Sara Cufré和Meghan Laws共同编辑,并得到比勒费尔德大学和不来梅大学的支持。它由Margaret Babirye、John Berten、Fabian Besche Truthe、Anatoly Boyashov、Sara Cufré、Eberechukwu Igbojekwe、Meghan Laws、Tahnee Ooms、Robin Schulze Walterrup和Amanda Shriwise编撰。所有引用的网站在2021年7月都可以访问。本期《文摘》涵盖2021年2月至5月期间。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Social Policy
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