Global Social Policy最新文献_第9页

Social policy responses to COVID-19: New issues, old solutions? 应对COVID-19的社会政策:新问题还是旧解决方案?

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211055645

Sarah Cook, Marianne S. Ulriksen

Analysing a pandemic quintessentially requires a global lens. With COVID-19, a global public health crisis has been coupled with devastating economic and social impacts – what some are calling a ‘syndemic’ (GSP Digest, 2021; Schmidt-Sane et al., 2021), none of which can be addressed solely within national borders. International organisations (IOs) and other institutions of global governance inevitably play a critical role – in defining and measuring the problem, sharing information and technical capacities, making policy recommendations, guiding and advising national governments, and where necessary holding governments and other actors to account. National governments across the world have reacted in varying ways to the pandemic, considering both recommendations and lessons learned from previous crises and across different contexts, as well as by assessing their own conditions. Local and national responses and actions in turn shape regional and global knowledge and policy, including through various channels of engagement with international organisations. The contributions in this special issue highlight some of these dynamics between the national, regional and global levels. The articles provide new empirical analyses, drawn from particular national (sometimes regional) contexts, and address or compare national level policies and responses and their impacts on particular groups; several explicitly examine whether and how regional, international or transnational actors and policies shape responses to the pandemic at different scales. The discussion in this Introduction is structured along the following two main axes: first, we examine new or previously neglected issues that have been made visible or attracted significant policy or public attention during the pandemic, particularly as they 1055645 GSP0010.1177/14680181211055645Global Social PolicySpecial Issue Introduction research-article2021

分析一场大流行，本质上需要一个全球视角。随着COVID-19的爆发，一场全球公共卫生危机伴随着毁灭性的经济和社会影响——一些人称之为“综合征”(GSP文摘，2021年;Schmidt-Sane等人，2021)，这些问题都不能在国家边界内单独解决。国际组织和其他全球治理机构不可避免地发挥着关键作用——定义和衡量问题，分享信息和技术能力，提出政策建议，指导和建议各国政府，并在必要时让政府和其他行为者承担责任。世界各国政府以不同的方式应对这场大流行，既考虑了以往危机的建议和教训，也考虑了不同的背景，并评估了本国的情况。地方和国家的反应和行动反过来又塑造了区域和全球的知识和政策，包括通过与国际组织的各种接触渠道。本期特刊的文章突出了国家、区域和全球各级之间的一些动态。这些文章提供了从特定国家(有时是区域)情况得出的新的实证分析，并论述或比较了国家一级的政策和对策及其对特定群体的影响;有几项明确审查了区域、国际或跨国行为者和政策是否以及如何在不同规模上影响对这一流行病的反应。本导论中的讨论主要围绕以下两个轴线展开:首先，我们研究了在大流行期间已经出现或引起重大政策或公众关注的新问题或以前被忽视的问题，特别是在全球社会政策特刊导论研究文章2021中

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引用次数: 11

Confronted with COVID-19: Migrant live-in care during the pandemic. 面对COVID-19:大流行期间的移民寄宿护理。

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211008340

Michael Leiblfinger, Veronika Prieler, Mădălina Rogoz, Martina Sekulová

In the spring 2020, measures introduced across Europe to limit the spread of COVID-19 included, among others, the temporary closure of borders. For Romanian and Slovakian live-in carers, this meant they were no longer able to commute between the Austrian households they work in and their respective countries of origin. Due to the relatively short cyclical rotas of 2-4 weeks, travel restrictions heavily affected cross-border live-in care between the three countries, which makes them a particular case for studying the effects of pandemic-related measures on transnational care arrangements. Drawing on media reports, relevant laws and policies, and interviews with representatives of care workers' interests, the article examines how live-in care as a whole and care workers in particular were affected by the pandemic and related policy responses such as specific travel arrangements and financial incentives for workers. It shows that while live-in carers were deemed critical workers and essential for the long-term care system, the inequalities and dependencies already existing in transnational care arrangements were deepened. Care workers' wants, needs and interests were subordinated to the interests of care recipients, agencies and sending and receiving countries.

2020年春季，欧洲各地采取了限制COVID-19传播的措施，其中包括暂时关闭边境。对于罗马尼亚和斯洛伐克的住家照顾者来说，这意味着他们不再能够在他们工作的奥地利家庭和他们各自的原籍国之间往返。由于周期相对较短(2-4周)，旅行限制严重影响了这三个国家之间的跨境寄宿护理，这使它们成为研究与大流行病有关的措施对跨国护理安排影响的一个特殊案例。根据媒体报道、相关法律和政策以及对护工利益代表的采访，本文考察了整个住家护理，特别是护工如何受到疫情和相关政策应对措施(如具体旅行安排和对护工的财政激励措施)的影响。报告显示，虽然住家照顾者被认为是关键的工作人员，对长期护理系统至关重要，但跨国护理安排中已经存在的不平等和依赖加深了。护理工作者的愿望、需要和兴趣服从于护理接受者、机构和发送国和接收国的利益。

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引用次数: 14

When a crisis undermines quality public service provision: Romanian early childhood education and care through the SARS-Cov-2 epidemic 当危机破坏优质公共服务提供时:通过SARS-Cov-2流行的罗马尼亚幼儿教育和护理

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211011369

Borbála Kovács

What appeared to be the success of many Eastern European states in managing the toll of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in its first round has been attributed to the early introduction of strict lockdown. However, erring on the side of caution came at a high price, with mixed economies of welfare shifting sometimes radically towards families, with the related costs unevenly distributed. Using the case of early childhood education and care (ECEC), the article explores the specifics of what has been a more general pattern in epidemic-induced social policy adaptation in the Romanian context: the overnight, radical and prolonged individualisation of service provision without the corresponding remaking of the cash nexus. It expands on the timeline of government decisions on family policy adaptations, including ECEC service provision. The article also reviews fragmented evidence about the impact of ECEC service suspension on the mixed economy of early years care. The article explains how and why the Romanian government was able to effectively suspend ECEC service delivery between March and September 2020 while keeping related financial arrangements practically unaltered, and do so without open protest. The Romanian case reveals how and why a family policy environment historically characterised by fragmented, selective and partially adequate provision, directly and indirectly maintaining the familialisation of young children’s care, acts as a catalyst for more of the same in hard times: fragmented, selective and only partially adequate intervention. In conceptual terms, the article suggests that familialist family policy is particularly sticky, more so in times of crisis than in ‘good’ times.

许多东欧国家似乎成功地控制了第一轮SARS-Cov-2大流行造成的损失，这要归功于它们及早采取了严格的封锁措施。然而，谨慎的错误付出了高昂的代价，福利混合经济有时会从根本上转向家庭，相关成本分配不均。本文以幼儿教育和护理(ECEC)为例，探讨了在罗马尼亚情况下，流行病引起的社会政策适应的更普遍模式的具体情况:一夜之间，彻底和长期的个性化服务提供，而没有相应的现金关系重建。它扩展了政府在家庭政策调整方面的决定时间表，包括提供ECEC服务。文章还回顾了关于ECEC服务暂停对早期护理混合经济影响的零散证据。这篇文章解释了罗马尼亚政府如何以及为什么能够在2020年3月至9月期间有效地暂停ECEC服务的提供，同时保持相关的财务安排几乎没有改变，而且没有公开抗议。罗马尼亚的案例揭示了历史上以支离破碎、选择性和部分充分的提供为特征的家庭政策环境，如何以及为什么直接和间接地保持对幼儿照顾的熟悉，在困难时期成为更多相同的催化剂:支离破碎、选择性和部分充分的干预。从概念上讲，这篇文章表明，亲和主义的家庭政策特别棘手，在危机时期比在“好”时期更棘手。

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引用次数: 1

Unemployment insurance in the Global South since 1950: Drivers of policy adoption 1950年以来全球南方的失业保险:政策采纳的驱动因素

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211049654

Herbert Obinger, Carina Schmitt

Until 1945, Western countries were the only ones to have introduced unemployment insurance programs. Since their adoption was extremely controversial, almost all Western nations introduced income support for the unemployed only in the wake of national emergencies such as war and economic depression. This article examines the determinants of program adoption in the Global South, which commenced after the Second World War. With the exception of military conflict, we find that the introduction of unemployment insurance was shaped by factors deviating from the driving forces of program adoption in the Western world. More specifically, we provide evidence that international factors such as war, the activities of the ILO and policy diffusion were more important than domestic factors.

直到1945年，西方国家是唯一引入失业保险计划的国家。由于它们的采用极具争议，几乎所有西方国家都是在战争和经济萧条等国家紧急情况发生后才为失业者提供收入支持的。本文考察了第二次世界大战后开始的全球南方项目采用的决定因素。除了军事冲突，我们发现失业保险的引入是由偏离西方世界采用计划的驱动力的因素形成的。更具体地说，我们提供的证据表明，战争、劳工组织的活动和政策传播等国际因素比国内因素更重要。

引用次数: 1

Social resilience and welfare systems under COVID-19: A European comparative perspective COVID-19下的社会复原力和福利制度:欧洲比较视角

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211012946

J. Pereirinha, Elvira Pereira

COVID-19 and the corresponding economic lockdown and income loss for large segments of population was something unexpected for all European countries, and their welfare systems were not prepared to protect their citizens from such threats. Social resilience is becoming used in disaster risk analysis, and preferred to that of vulnerability, to refer the ability of the social entities to respond to such challenges, enabling them to cope and adjust to adverse events. It has been more recently used in the context of the European Union (EU) about COVID-19, regarding the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, intended to mitigate the economic and social impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The global nature of this pandemic makes possible and relevant a deeper understanding of social resilience at different levels of analysis: international, national, local and individual/household levels. This article aims to contribute to this by proposing a set of indicators of social resilience in face of COVID-19, supported in a theoretical framework developed herein, and comparing the performance of a selection of EU countries with distinct welfare system configurations, with different roles played by the government, the market, the social organizations and the families. Using comparable statistical data at macro level and data concerning the responses of government to the economic and social effects of the pandemic, we produce a synthetic index of social resilience, combining resilience on coping and resilience on adapting. We relate the differences found in coping and adapting with the welfare system configurations of these countries.

COVID-19以及相应的经济封锁和大部分人口的收入损失对所有欧洲国家来说都是出乎意料的，他们的福利制度没有准备好保护其公民免受此类威胁。社会复原力在灾害风险分析中越来越常用，比脆弱性更常用，指的是社会实体应对此类挑战的能力，使其能够应对和适应不利事件。最近，在欧洲联盟(欧盟)关于COVID-19的背景下，关于建立恢复和复原力基金，旨在减轻冠状病毒大流行的经济和社会影响，也使用了这个词。这一流行病的全球性使得在国际、国家、地方和个人/家庭各级的不同分析层面上对社会复原力有了更深入的了解。本文旨在为此做出贡献，在本文提出的理论框架支持下，提出了一套面对COVID-19的社会弹性指标，并比较了一些福利制度配置不同、政府、市场、社会组织和家庭扮演不同角色的欧盟国家的表现。利用宏观层面的可比统计数据和有关政府应对疫情经济和社会影响的数据，我们得出了一个综合的社会复原力指数，将应对的复原力和适应的复原力结合起来。我们将在应对和适应这些国家的福利制度配置方面发现的差异联系起来。

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引用次数: 16

The challenge and promise at the intersection of environmental and social policies: How the World Bank established a policy framework that fully integrates environmental and social concerns 环境和社会政策交叉点的挑战和前景：世界银行如何建立一个充分融合环境和社会关切的政策框架

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211019170

Charles E. Di Leva

https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181211019170 Global Social Policy 2021, Vol. 21(2) 344 –348 © The Author(s) 2021 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1 77/1468018 21 0191 journals.sagepub.com/home/gsp The challenge and promise at the intersection of environmental and social policies: How the World Bank established a policy framework that fully integrates environmental and social concerns

https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181211019170全球社会政策2021,Vol. 21(2) 344 -348©作者(s) 2021文章重用指南:sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1 77/1468018 21 0191 journals.sagepub.com/home/gsp环境和社会政策交叉点的挑战与承诺:世界银行如何建立一个充分整合环境和社会问题的政策框架

引用次数: 1

Introduction: Global eco-social policy: Contestation within an emerging policy era? 导论:全球生态社会政策:新兴政策时代的争论?

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211019152

A. Kaasch, Robin Schulze Waltrup

Currently, we see in many ways how environmental and social problems and related demands for political responses are increasingly difficult to separate from one another. What used to be completely different policy fields are now merging. Not only do climate change and pollution have severe implications for the living conditions of people all over the globe, but political measures addressing environmental problems may have a tremendous social impact as well. This presents challenges to existing social policy arrangements and will require the development and adjustment of social policies to protect existing vulnerable groups. Furthermore, it will be necessary to ensure that new policies do not exacerbate pre-existing inequities. Examples include the impact of extreme weather events on already vulnerable parts of populations, and the potentially regressive impact of taxes introduced for protecting the environment. Be it out of a more extended and increasing awareness of the threat of climate change in a development context, the reflections on the appropriate path of recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic or any of the many other connections between environmental changes and global social problems and needs, making the link between environmental and social policies is increasingly gaining momentum at national and transnational policy levels. The key challenge is how to combine ideas of growth, demands of a possible universal social protection and environmentally sustainable human living. Despite obvious connections, the transnational governance of environmental and social policies has, so far, primarily been studied and discussed within the two separate fields. While necessary, combining them presents complications. On the one hand, the two policy fields share the aim of absorbing and compensating for externalized economic and market failures. Social policies act as safety nets with measures such as collective protection schemes and re-distributional mechanisms. Environmental policies serve the protection of the environment, for example, by preventing overexploitation. Furthermore, both fields may play a regulatory role and adjust incomes or property rights

目前，我们从许多方面看到，环境和社会问题以及对政治对策的相关要求越来越难以相互分离。过去完全不同的政策领域现在正在合并。气候变化和污染不仅对全球人民的生活条件产生了严重影响，而且解决环境问题的政治措施也可能产生巨大的社会影响。这对现有的社会政策安排提出了挑战，需要制定和调整社会政策，以保护现有的弱势群体。此外，有必要确保新政策不会加剧先前存在的不平等现象。例子包括极端天气事件对本已脆弱的人群的影响，以及为保护环境而引入的税收可能产生的倒退影响。无论是出于对发展背景下气候变化威胁的更广泛和更高的认识，新冠肺炎大流行后对适当复苏道路的反思，还是环境变化与全球社会问题和需求之间的任何其他联系，在国家和跨国政策层面，将环境政策与社会政策联系起来的势头越来越大。关键的挑战是如何将增长理念、可能的普遍社会保护要求和环境可持续的人类生活结合起来。尽管存在明显的联系，但迄今为止，环境和社会政策的跨国治理主要在两个独立的领域内进行研究和讨论。虽然有必要，但将它们结合起来会带来并发症。一方面，这两个政策领域的共同目标是吸收和补偿外部化的经济和市场失灵。社会政策充当安全网，采取集体保护计划和再分配机制等措施。环境政策有助于保护环境，例如防止过度开发。此外，这两个领域都可能发挥监管作用，调整收入或产权

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引用次数: 9

Global Social Policy Digest 21.2: Turning the tide in the battle against COVID-19? 全球社会政策摘要21.2：扭转抗击新冠肺炎的潮流？

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211008665

Margaret Babirye, J. Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, A. Boyashov, Cailin Crockett, Sara Cufré, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, A. Kaasch, Meghan C. Laws, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze

The Global Social Policy (GSP) Digest was produced under the editorship of Amanda Shriwise with support from Bielefeld University and the University of Bremen. It has been compiled by Margaret Babirye, John Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, Anatoly Boyashov, Cailin Crockett, Sara Cufré, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Alexandra Kaasch, Meghan Laws, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze Waltrup, and Amanda Shriwise. All websites referenced were accessible in March 2021. This edition of the Digest covers the period from October 2020 to January 2021.

《全球社会政策摘要》由Amanda Shriwise主编，并得到比勒费尔德大学和不来梅大学的支持。它由Margaret Babirye、John Berten、Fabian Besche Truthe、Anatoly Boyashov、Cailin Crockett、Sara Cufré、Eberechukwu Igbojekwe、Alexandra Kaasch、Meghan Laws、Tahnee Ooms、Robin Schulze Walterrup和Amanda Shriwise编写。所有引用的网站在2021年3月都可以访问。本期《文摘》涵盖2020年10月至2021年1月期间。

引用次数: 0

Uncovering different degrees of eco-social policy 揭示不同程度的生态社会政策

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14680181211019165

Dunja Krause

For many years, calls for sustainability and climate action have been growing louder and a lot of progress has been made in bringing eco-social concerns onto the international policy agenda. While the field of explicit eco-social policy work and research is still comparatively small, the growing importance of addressing the interlinkages and intersections of environmental and social policy has been recognized by a range of different stakeholders both within and beyond the political mainstream. Reconciling environmental and social concerns is not an easy task as prosperity and well-being are often seen as a function of economic growth, whereas environmental sustainability is inherently incompatible with unlimited economic growth (see Büchs in this Forum). As a result, the field of eco-social policy (ESP) is broad and encompasses a range of different approaches and initiatives that can vary quite significantly in terms of their underlying worldviews, main objectives and ambition for change. ESP can be the adjustment of traditional social policies to include environmental considerations, for example, through adaptive social protection systems that aim to reduce vulnerability to climate extremes or public work programmes offering employment in conservation and sustainable land management. Similarly, environmental policies can be expanded to incorporate social dimensions in order to become ESP, for example, when savings from fossil fuel subsidy removal are redistributed to alleviate the burden fuel price increases have on poor households. The perhaps biggest potential of eco-social policy lies in truly integrated approaches that combine ambitious environmental objectives with progressive social objectives from the start in order to promote policy that can set boundaries for economic choices based on their sustainability impacts (see Cook and Dugarova, 2014; United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), 2016). It is important to acknowledge the variation that exists within the field of ESP in order to understand different assumptions and objectives underpinning markedly different pathways to sustainability. Utting (2013) distinguishes market liberalism, embedded liberalism and alter-globalization as three ideal-typical approaches to sustainability that differ both in terms of problem identified and solutions proposed. For both market liberalism and embedded

多年来，要求可持续发展和气候行动的呼声越来越高，在将生态社会问题纳入国际政策议程方面取得了很大进展。虽然明确的生态社会政策工作和研究领域仍然相对较小，但解决环境和社会政策的相互联系和交叉点的重要性日益增加，这已经被政治主流内外的一系列不同利益相关者所认识到。协调环境和社会问题并非易事，因为繁荣和福祉往往被视为经济增长的一个功能，而环境的可持续性本质上与无限的经济增长是不相容的(见本论坛的bchs)。因此，生态社会政策(ESP)的领域是广泛的，包含了一系列不同的方法和倡议，这些方法和倡议在其潜在的世界观、主要目标和变革的雄心方面可能会有很大的不同。ESP可以是调整传统社会政策，纳入环境考虑因素，例如，通过旨在减少对极端气候的脆弱性的适应性社会保护制度，或提供保护和可持续土地管理就业机会的公共工作方案。同样，环境政策可以扩大，纳入社会层面，以成为ESP，例如，当取消化石燃料补贴所节省的资金重新分配，以减轻燃料价格上涨对贫困家庭造成的负担时。也许生态社会政策的最大潜力在于真正的综合方法，从一开始就将雄心勃勃的环境目标与进步的社会目标结合起来，以促进能够根据其可持续性影响为经济选择设定界限的政策(见Cook和Dugarova, 2014;联合国社会发展研究所，2016)。为了理解支撑显著不同的可持续发展途径的不同假设和目标，承认ESP领域内存在的差异是很重要的。Utting(2013)将市场自由主义、嵌入式自由主义和另类全球化区分为三种理想的可持续性方法，这三种方法在确定的问题和提出的解决方案方面都有所不同。市场自由主义和嵌入式自由主义都是如此

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引用次数: 1

The making of a global medical tourism destination: From state-supported privatisation to state entrepreneurialism in healthcare in Turkey 打造全球医疗旅游目的地:从国家支持的私有化到土耳其医疗保健领域的国家创业主义

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/1468018120981423

V. Yilmaz, Puren Aktas

Examining medical tourism, especially in countries with publicly funded and organised healthcare systems, offers a gateway into an understanding of the changing role of the state in contemporary societies. Drawing on a comprehensive documentary review, this article examines the evolving role of the state in transforming Turkey into a global medical tourism destination. The article identifies two stages of state involvement in medical tourism: the period after the 2003 healthcare reform and the rise of an entrepreneurial healthcare state since 2013. The article suggests that the state, in the first period, performed a facilitator role by supporting privatisation in healthcare provision; in the second period, it assumed an entrepreneurial role, establishing large hospital complexes through a public-private partnership and created a public corporation to capitalise on the export of healthcare services. The Turkish case demonstrates that the role of the state in medical tourism is subject to change over time, depending on shifts in governmental strategies for healthcare and government-business relations. The article also offers evidence on the continued relevance of the multidimensional engagement of the state in healthcare that cuts across economic and social policy commitments. This engagement has recently extended into the domain of healthcare provision in the context of medical tourism.

研究医疗旅游，特别是在拥有公共资助和有组织的医疗保健系统的国家，为理解国家在当代社会中不断变化的角色提供了一个途径。借鉴全面的纪录片审查，这篇文章探讨了国家在转变土耳其成为全球医疗旅游目的地不断发展的作用。本文确定了国家参与医疗旅游的两个阶段:2003年医疗改革后的时期和2013年以来创业医疗国家的兴起。文章认为，在第一阶段，国家通过支持医疗保健私有化发挥了推动者的作用;在第二个阶段，它发挥了企业作用，通过公私伙伴关系建立了大型综合医院，并创建了一家公共公司，以利用医疗保健服务的出口。土耳其的案例表明，随着时间的推移，国家在医疗旅游中的作用可能会发生变化，这取决于政府在医疗保健和政商关系方面的战略转变。文章还提供了证据，证明国家在医疗保健领域的多维参与持续存在的相关性，这种参与度跨越了经济和社会政策承诺。这种接触最近已扩展到医疗旅游背景下的保健服务领域。

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引用次数: 7