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Neighbors, the Jedwabne Massacre of Jews and the Controversy that Changed Poland 邻居、犹太人杰德瓦布内大屠杀和改变波兰的争议
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000504
Paweł Machcewicz
There are not many other cases when one single book about history, written by an academic, not only provoked a massive and stormy nationwide debate involving mass media, political leaders and bishops, but also unleashed processes that strongly influenced the self-perceptions of a nation, opening the way for ground-breaking new historical research and, at the same time, for political responses which had a tangible impact on the direction in which the whole country moved. It was all achieved by a not very long historical essay (around 100 pages in Polish, 170 pages in the subsequent English-language edition, excluding photographs, maps, indexes) by Jan Tomasz Gross.1 Its subject was the massacre of almost all Jews (the number is still debatable: between several hundred to 1,600 – the latter number claimed by Gross) living in the small town of Jedwabne in German-occupied Poland, committed by their Polish neighbours in July 1941. After its Polish debut, the book was translated into thirteen languages.
没有多少其他案例表明,一位学者写的一本关于历史的书,不仅引发了一场涉及大众媒体、政治领导人和主教的大规模、暴风雨般的全国性辩论,而且还引发了强烈影响一个国家自我认知的过程,为开创性的新历史研究开辟了道路,同时,对整个国家的发展方向产生切实影响的政治对策。这一切都是由Jan Tomasz Gross的一篇不太长的历史文章(波兰语约100页,随后的英文版约170页,不包括照片、地图和索引)实现的。1文章的主题是对年居住在杰德瓦布内小镇的几乎所有犹太人的大屠杀(这个数字仍有争议:几百到1600人之间——格罗斯声称的后一个数字)1941年7月,德国占领了波兰。在波兰语出版后,这本书被翻译成了十三种语言。
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引用次数: 0
How Transnational Exchanges Shaped Conceptions about Morality and Small Nations in Europe: Catalan (and Spanish) Readings of Václav Havel in the 1990s 跨国交流如何塑造欧洲的道德和小国观念:1990年代Václav哈维尔的加泰罗尼亚语(和西班牙语)解读
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000449
José Luis Aguilar López-Barajas
This paper deals with appraisals of Havel made in Spain in the 1990s. During this decade, the Czech politician's popularity reached a peak in Europe, and Spanish politicians approached his vision of morality in politics in different ways, taking advantage of it to support different political and national projects. In the first half of the decade, interpretations of Havel were especially productive in Catalonia, where two almost antagonistic political projects drew inspiration from Havel and elaborated on different concepts of European small nations. The decade's second half gave way to a more one-sided vision of him, in which he was transformed, thanks to the Spanish conservative president José María Aznar, into a reference point to support conservatism and the Atlantic agenda.
本文论述了20世纪90年代西班牙对哈维尔的评价。在这十年里,这位捷克政治家在欧洲的受欢迎程度达到了顶峰,西班牙政治家以不同的方式接近他对政治道德的愿景,并利用这一愿景支持不同的政治和国家项目。在这十年的前五年,对哈维尔的解读在加泰罗尼亚尤其富有成效,两个几乎对立的政治项目从哈维尔那里获得了灵感,并阐述了欧洲小国的不同概念。十年的后半段让位于对他的更片面的看法,在西班牙保守派总统何塞·马里亚·阿兹纳尔的帮助下,他被转变为支持保守主义和大西洋议程的参考点。
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引用次数: 0
Heroes or Outcasts? The Long Saga of the State's Recognition of the Greek Resistance (1944–2006) 英雄还是弃儿?国家承认希腊抵抗运动的漫长历程(1944-2006)
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000395
Magda Fytili, Manos Avgeridis, Eleni Kouki
This article explores how the Greek state created and implemented the legislation relating to recognition of the National Resistance during three different transitional periods of the country's postwar history: civil war, dictatorship and democracy. The article's principal argument is that recognition served as the main tool for building consecutive national narratives not only of the resistance but also of Greekness, determining who was included in and excluded from the nation. By addressing one of the most loaded political issues in Greek society and politics in its entirety, this article revisits Greece's postwar history, highlighting the ruptures and continuities over a long period.
本文探讨了希腊在战后三个不同的过渡时期(内战、独裁和民主)如何制定和实施与承认民族抵抗运动有关的立法。这篇文章的主要论点是,承认是建立连续的民族叙事的主要工具,不仅是抵抗运动,还有希腊人,决定谁被包括在这个国家,谁被排除在这个国家之外。通过全面解决希腊社会和政治中最沉重的政治问题之一,本文重新审视了希腊战后的历史,突出了长期以来的断裂和连续性。
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引用次数: 0
Class Divisions in Use: The Swedish Social Group Taxonomy as Difference Technology, 1911–1970 使用中的阶级划分:作为差异技术的瑞典社会群体分类法,1911–1970
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000413
Carl-Filip Smedberg
This article investigates an important but understudied phenomenon: the bureaucratic class division, which is analysed as a difference technology for envisioning, studying and managing the population. I examine a long-lived and widely spread taxonomy of the Swedish population into three social groups (Socialgrupper). Specifically, I look at how it influenced the production of statistics and knowledge about the voter during the first half of the twentieth century and higher education in the post-war welfare state era. The article understands the effects of the taxonomy as a ‘scientisation of the social’, using Lutz Raphael's term, in which fuzzy conceptual class boundaries were turned into exact classification, making it possible for different actors to act and calculate through them. The division was at the same time contested among social scientists and politicians. However, because of lack of alternatives and because it was well established, actors continued using it.
本文研究了一个重要但尚未得到充分研究的现象:官僚阶级划分,并将其作为一种设想、研究和管理人口的差异技术进行了分析。我研究了一个长期存在且广泛传播的瑞典人口分类学,将其分为三个社会群体(Socialgrupper)。具体来说,我研究了它是如何影响20世纪上半叶关于选民的统计数据和知识的产生,以及战后福利国家时代的高等教育。本文使用卢茨·拉斐尔的术语,将分类法的作用理解为“社会的科学化”,将模糊的概念类边界转化为精确的分类,使不同的参与者能够通过它们来行动和计算。与此同时,社会科学家和政界人士也对这种划分提出了质疑。然而,由于缺乏替代方案,又因为它已经确立,演员们继续使用它。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: New Histories of the Irish Revolution – CORRIGENDUM 导言:爱尔兰革命的新历史-勘误表
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000425
James McConnel, Caoimhe Nic Dháibhéid
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引用次数: 0
The Birth of the Finance Consumer: Feminists, Bankers and the Re-Gendering of Finance in Mid-Twentieth-Century Sweden 金融消费者的诞生:女权主义者、银行家与二十世纪中期瑞典金融的重新分类
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000383
Orsi Husz
This article examines a series of financial study courses for women in 1950s Sweden, jointly organised by commercial banks and an important non-partisan women's organisation, the Fredrika Bremer Association. The aim is to highlight and explain historical connections between feminism and financialisation. I argue that the feminist aspiration to emancipate women from the curtailments of ‘petty’ domestic finance aligned with the banks’ desire to domesticate financial markets. The performances of ‘female finance’ in these campaigns – striking a balance between PR and empowerment – contributed to the making of a new historical figure, not that of the female investor but rather the consumer of finance. The article not only demonstrates the role of gender in the financialisation of everyday life and in the domestication of finance, but also uncovers a longer pre-history behind these processes that are conventionally associated with neoliberalisation in later decades.
本文考察了20世纪50年代瑞典妇女的一系列金融研究课程,这些课程由商业银行和一个重要的无党派妇女组织弗雷德里克·布雷默协会联合组织。其目的是强调和解释女权主义和金融化之间的历史联系。我认为,女权主义者将女性从“小额”国内金融的束缚中解放出来的愿望与银行将金融市场本土化的愿望相一致。“女性金融”在这些运动中的表现——在公关和赋权之间取得了平衡——有助于塑造一个新的历史人物,而不是女性投资者,而是金融消费者。这篇文章不仅展示了性别在日常生活的金融化和金融本土化中的作用,而且揭示了这些过程背后更长的历史,这些过程通常与后来几十年的新自由主义有关。
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引用次数: 0
CEH volume 32 issue 3 Cover and Front matter CEH第32卷第3期封面和封面问题
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000358
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引用次数: 0
Reverting to Restraint: A Keynesian Intermezzo and Neoliberalism in the Netherlands (1971–1977) 回归约束:荷兰的凯恩斯主义间奏曲与新自由主义(1971-1977)
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000267
Jonne Harmsma
In line with recent studies revealing the role of neoliberalism in Dutch post-war history, this article highlights the influence of neoliberal ideas during the first half of the 1970s. In addition to a clear orientation towards supply-side economic policies and a firm tradition of fixed budgetary rules, the author emphasises the importance of Dutch monetarism in guiding Central Bank policies and prioritising monetary objectives such as price stability, fixed exchange rates and balance of payment equilibrium over Keynesian policy goals. A short-lived Keynesian intermezzo of countercyclical demand-management commenced in March 1974, after which rules-based, stability- and supply-side economic, financial and monetary policies started to regain the upper hand in 1976.
最近的研究揭示了新自由主义在荷兰战后历史中的作用,本文强调了新自由主义思想在20世纪70年代上半叶的影响。除了供给侧经济政策的明确方向和固定预算规则的坚定传统外,作者还强调了荷兰货币主义在指导中央银行政策和优先考虑价格稳定、固定汇率和国际收支平衡等货币目标而不是凯恩斯主义政策目标方面的重要性。1974年3月,短暂的凯恩斯主义反周期需求管理间歇期开始,之后,以规则为基础的、稳定和供给方面的经济、金融和货币政策在1976年开始重新占据上风。
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引用次数: 0
CEH volume 32 issue 3 Cover and Back matter CEH第32卷第3期封面和封底
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1017/s096077732300036x
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引用次数: 0
Honorary Aryans? Japanese German Mischlinge and the Negotiation of Identity in Nazi Germany 荣誉雅利安人吗?日德混血与纳粹德国的身份协商
IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1017/s0960777323000334
Sarah Panzer
Race is the black box at the centre of the German–Japanese alliance during the Second World War. Early Nazi racial legislation provoked speculation regarding its potential impact on Japanese German Mischlinge (individuals of mixed race), and the regime's reluctance to define its position helped to spread the rumour that they had been recognised as ‘honorary Aryans’. Although this was never more than a rumour, the ambiguous racialisation of the Japanese historically seemingly legitimised demands by Japanese Germans that the regime should recognise their rights as members of the Nazi Volksgemeinschaft (national community). This article traces how the Japanese Germans were able to negotiate concessions enabling them to function as a protected minority, albeit in contingent and arbitrarily defined ways. In effect, the Japanese Germans were able to exploit the ambiguities of Nazi racial thinking in order to carve out a place for themselves within the margins of the racial state.
种族是第二次世界大战期间德日同盟中心的黑匣子。早期的纳粹种族立法引发了人们对其对日德混血儿(混血儿)潜在影响的猜测,而该政权不愿明确其立场,助长了他们被公认为“荣誉雅利安人”的谣言。尽管这只是一个谣言,但历史上对日本人的模糊种族化似乎使日裔德国人的要求合法化,即该政权应该承认他们作为纳粹民族共同体成员的权利。这篇文章追溯了日裔德国人是如何谈判让步的,使他们能够作为受保护的少数民族发挥作用,尽管是以偶然和任意定义的方式。实际上,日裔德国人能够利用纳粹种族思想的模糊性,在种族国家的边缘为自己开辟一个位置。
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Contemporary European History
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