Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101094
Maged Ali
Egyptians face a daily struggle, with rising inflation and high poverty rates. Beyond the economic pressures, many live under the threat of crime, including terrorism, trafficking, and organized violence. Illicit trade fuels these crimes by providing criminal networks with financial means and infrastructure. It also spreads lawbreaking and violence, and weakens the state's capacity to act. As a result, illicit trade harms ordinary Egyptians. Reducing illicit trade will weaken criminal networks and improve Egyptians’ safety. To reduce illicit trade, enforcement is needed at both entry points and within markets. New technologies such as big data and AI can render enforcement faster, smarter, and more effective. However, enforcement alone risks failing to effectively reduce illicit trade. As long as consumers continue buying smuggled goods, smugglers will find new ways to move them. Offering legal, affordable alternatives is therefore key to reduce demand for illicit goods.
{"title":"The price of illicit trade in Egypt: Illicit trade empowers criminals at the expense of ordinary people","authors":"Maged Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Egyptians face a daily struggle, with rising inflation and high poverty rates. Beyond the economic pressures, many live under the threat of crime, including terrorism, trafficking, and organized violence. Illicit trade fuels these crimes by providing criminal networks with financial means and infrastructure. It also spreads lawbreaking and violence, and weakens the state's capacity to act. As a result, illicit trade harms ordinary Egyptians. Reducing illicit trade will weaken criminal networks and improve Egyptians’ safety. To reduce illicit trade, enforcement is needed at both entry points and within markets. New technologies such as big data and AI can render enforcement faster, smarter, and more effective. However, enforcement alone risks failing to effectively reduce illicit trade. As long as consumers continue buying smuggled goods, smugglers will find new ways to move them. Offering legal, affordable alternatives is therefore key to reduce demand for illicit goods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 4","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101077
Marco Vinicio Monge-Mora , Juan Andrés Robalino-Herrera
Depending on consumption complementarity, the partial equilibrium effect of taxes and subsidies in the price of a commodity underestimates or overestimates the general equilibrium effect. We formalize this theoretical issue relating it to a practical problem: if we use a tax-free market as a counterfactual to see the price consequences of taxing another market, our estimates will be biased because the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA) is violated. In this manuscript, we present a general formula for the relative size of this bias, which we will call “the bias of consumption-interdependent markets”. Our results lead to methodological warnings and recommendations about how tax-free markets can be used as controls to study the treatment effect of a tax on the price of a particular market: the treated market and the control should have a low degree of substitution/complementarity; but, even so, the relative size of the bias we study depends not only on the degree of substitution/complementarity between treated and control, but also on the degree of substitution/complementarity of treated and control with any other commodity.
{"title":"The bias of consumption-interdependent markets","authors":"Marco Vinicio Monge-Mora , Juan Andrés Robalino-Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depending on consumption complementarity, the partial equilibrium effect of taxes and subsidies in the price of a commodity underestimates or overestimates the general equilibrium effect. We formalize this theoretical issue relating it to a practical problem: if we use a tax-free market as a counterfactual to see the price consequences of taxing another market, our estimates will be biased because the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA) is violated. In this manuscript, we present a general formula for the relative size of this bias, which we will call “the bias of consumption-interdependent markets”. Our results lead to methodological warnings and recommendations about how tax-free markets can be used as controls to study the treatment effect of a tax on the price of a particular market: the treated market and the control should have a low degree of substitution/complementarity; but, even so, the relative size of the bias we study depends not only on the degree of substitution/complementarity between treated and control, but also on the degree of substitution/complementarity of treated and control with any other commodity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 4","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101065
Xianxian Xu , Luyao Tan , Jinlong Zhao
This study examines the impact of sustainable finance and investment in renewable energy on economic growth and environmental conservation in 22 EU nations from 2003 to 2025. The primary objective is to comprehend how these factors contribute to sustained economic advancement and environmental stewardship. The report analyses critical variables, including sustainable funding, clean energy investments, economic development, and carbon emissions, utilising secondary data from sources such as Eurostat, IRENA, and the World Bank. The System GMM approach is employed to address any data-related difficulties and guarantee robust outcomes. The results indicate that sustainable finance accelerates the transition to clean energy, reduces detrimental emissions, and enhances economic activity. Similarly, investments in renewable energy enhance GDP development, attract global investment, and ameliorate environmental problems. Moreover, foreign direct investment and liberal trade policies are essential catalysts for sustainability, underscoring the necessity to synchronise sustainable financing with international economic strategies. The report advocates for more robust laws to enhance sustainable financing, support clean energy initiatives, and advance low-emission technologies. These endeavours are essential for sustaining economic stability and environmental integrity throughout time. This study provides critical recommendations for politicians, investors, and international institutions involved in sustainable development.
{"title":"Sustainable finance and renewable energy investment as dual drivers of economic growth and environmental sustainability in the European Union","authors":"Xianxian Xu , Luyao Tan , Jinlong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of sustainable finance and investment in renewable energy on economic growth and environmental conservation in 22 EU nations from 2003 to 2025. The primary objective is to comprehend how these factors contribute to sustained economic advancement and environmental stewardship. The report analyses critical variables, including sustainable funding, clean energy investments, economic development, and carbon emissions, utilising secondary data from sources such as Eurostat, IRENA, and the World Bank. The System GMM approach is employed to address any data-related difficulties and guarantee robust outcomes. The results indicate that sustainable finance accelerates the transition to clean energy, reduces detrimental emissions, and enhances economic activity. Similarly, investments in renewable energy enhance GDP development, attract global investment, and ameliorate environmental problems. Moreover, foreign direct investment and liberal trade policies are essential catalysts for sustainability, underscoring the necessity to synchronise sustainable financing with international economic strategies. The report advocates for more robust laws to enhance sustainable financing, support clean energy initiatives, and advance low-emission technologies. These endeavours are essential for sustaining economic stability and environmental integrity throughout time. This study provides critical recommendations for politicians, investors, and international institutions involved in sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 4","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101080
Yutaka Suzuki
Introducing the dynamic accumulation of “capability assets”, we extend the base model of Aghion = Tirole (1994), which applied the property rights approach of Grossman=Hart=Moore (1986,1990) to innovation management, into the two-period version, and analyze how “changes in firm boundaries” affect innovation and how “firm boundaries” regarding innovation are determined from a long-term perspective. In our two-period model (with organizational capability asset), it is optimal to allocate property rights to those with higher marginal efficiency of investment including dynamic effects (direct effects and strategic effects). If the dynamic marginal efficiency of investment of the research firm is sufficiently large, Non-integration (R-Ownership) regime will be chosen and “Open Innovation” will emerge. If the dynamic marginal efficiency of investment of the production firm is sufficiently large, Integration (P-Ownership) regime will be chosen and “Closed Innovation” by large firms will emerge. If the dynamic marginal efficiency of investment of the production firm is not so high, even when it is optimal to “integrate” in a static game, it can be optimal in a dynamic framework to remain “non-integrated” and keep the partnership relationship between independent firms to induce investment incentives from both sides. An extension to longer-periods and the discussion on Cash Constraints are also presented.
{"title":"An incomplete contract analysis of innovation management: “Open vs. closed” innovation in a dynamic framework","authors":"Yutaka Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introducing the dynamic accumulation of “capability assets”, we extend the base model of Aghion = Tirole (1994), which applied the property rights approach of Grossman=Hart=Moore (1986,1990) to innovation management, into the two-period version, and analyze how “changes in firm boundaries” affect innovation and how “firm boundaries” regarding innovation are determined from a long-term perspective. In our two-period model (with organizational capability asset), it is optimal to allocate property rights to those with higher marginal efficiency of investment including dynamic effects (direct effects and strategic effects). If the dynamic marginal efficiency of investment of the research firm is sufficiently large, Non-integration (R-Ownership) regime will be chosen and “Open Innovation” will emerge. If the dynamic marginal efficiency of investment of the production firm is sufficiently large, Integration (P-Ownership) regime will be chosen and “Closed Innovation” by large firms will emerge. If the dynamic marginal efficiency of investment of the production firm is not so high, even when it is optimal to “integrate” in a static game, it can be optimal in a dynamic framework to remain “non-integrated” and keep the partnership relationship between independent firms to induce investment incentives from both sides. An extension to longer-periods and the discussion on Cash Constraints are also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 4","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101066
Aiting Xu , Yujie Dai , Zhiyuan Hu
Using green finance innovative strategies has significantly improved the resilience of firms operating inside China's revamp pilot zones. This research, which is based on a multi-phase difference-in-differences technique and uses enterprise-level data covering the years 2015 through 2025, reveals that the effects are varied across different geographies, sectors, and firm characteristics. Among the primary drivers, the mechanism results indicate that digital conversion, better creative ability, and reduced finance restrictions are all critical factors. The emergence of some outcomes, such as those associated with the use of industrial robots, occurs with a temporal lag. This study's findings provide insights valuable to policymakers on how green financing influences the flexibility of businesses and promotes long-term sustainable growth.
{"title":"Green finance innovation and corporate resilience: Evidence from China's reform pilot zones","authors":"Aiting Xu , Yujie Dai , Zhiyuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using green finance innovative strategies has significantly improved the resilience of firms operating inside China's revamp pilot zones. This research, which is based on a multi-phase difference-in-differences technique and uses enterprise-level data covering the years 2015 through 2025, reveals that the effects are varied across different geographies, sectors, and firm characteristics. Among the primary drivers, the mechanism results indicate that digital conversion, better creative ability, and reduced finance restrictions are all critical factors. The emergence of some outcomes, such as those associated with the use of industrial robots, occurs with a temporal lag. This study's findings provide insights valuable to policymakers on how green financing influences the flexibility of businesses and promotes long-term sustainable growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 4","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101076
Franck Edouard Gnahe
This work employs a stochastic general equilibrium model to examine the theoretical link between the magnitude of government fiscal disaster relief spending and economic growth. This paper employs a dynamic panel threshold model to investigate the optimal magnitude of government fiscal catastrophe relief expenditures. The numerical simulation findings indicate that the magnitude of moderate government financial disaster relief expenditures is strongly correlated with the frequency of natural catastrophes. The extent of government financial catastrophe relief expenditure has an "inverted U-shaped" correlation with economic development. The empirical findings indicate a clear nonlinear correlation between the magnitude of government financial disaster relief expenditures and economic growth. The escalation will foster economic expansion, but when government fiscal disaster relief spending is over the threshold, the correlation between the magnitude of such expenditure and economic growth may invert.
{"title":"The threshold impact of fiscal disaster relief expenditure on economic growth: Evidence from China","authors":"Franck Edouard Gnahe","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work employs a stochastic general equilibrium model to examine the theoretical link between the magnitude of government fiscal disaster relief spending and economic growth. This paper employs a dynamic panel threshold model to investigate the optimal magnitude of government fiscal catastrophe relief expenditures. The numerical simulation findings indicate that the magnitude of moderate government financial disaster relief expenditures is strongly correlated with the frequency of natural catastrophes. The extent of government financial catastrophe relief expenditure has an \"inverted U-shaped\" correlation with economic development. The empirical findings indicate a clear nonlinear correlation between the magnitude of government financial disaster relief expenditures and economic growth. The escalation will foster economic expansion, but when government fiscal disaster relief spending is over the threshold, the correlation between the magnitude of such expenditure and economic growth may invert.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 4","pages":"Article 101076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101062
Rosa Aísa, Josefina Cabeza
An endogenous economic growth model is developed, where the decisions to use artificial intelligences (AIs) in the workplace and to extend working life are endogenous and interdependent. There are four sources of heterogeneity among workers: differences in initial productivity, variations in the aging process, restricted access to jobs with AI investment, and uneven impact of AIs among those who have access. It is shown that those who do not use AIs in their jobs maintain a traditional pattern of retirement, with the most educated and/or healthy among them extending their working lives. In contrast, the retirement pattern for AI-using workers changes, and it is the users who derive the most benefit from AIs who will extend their working lives. This is because AIs compensate for the skills that tend to deteriorate with age, thus allowing for greater permanence in the labour market.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence: Redefining the retirement pattern","authors":"Rosa Aísa, Josefina Cabeza","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An endogenous economic growth model is developed, where the decisions to use artificial intelligences (AIs) in the workplace and to extend working life are endogenous and interdependent. There are four sources of heterogeneity among workers: differences in initial productivity, variations in the aging process, restricted access to jobs with AI investment, and uneven impact of AIs among those who have access. It is shown that those who do not use AIs in their jobs maintain a traditional pattern of retirement, with the most educated and/or healthy among them extending their working lives. In contrast, the retirement pattern for AI-using workers changes, and it is the users who derive the most benefit from AIs who will extend their working lives. This is because AIs compensate for the skills that tend to deteriorate with age, thus allowing for greater permanence in the labour market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 3","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101061
Isa Camyar , Bahar Ulupinar
Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) is empirically associated with a variety of economic and financial outcomes. However, its sources remain understudied. In this study, we analyze the long-run and short-run impacts of geopolitical crises on EPU by using evidence from the United States (U.S.) for the period of 1985-2019. We present a time series analysis, specifically the autoregressive distributive lag model, on a monthly dataset with the indicators of EPU and geopolitical crises. We find that the impact of geopolitical crises on EPU is conditional and temporal, meaning that it is significant only if the U.S. is directly involved or an active participant in them and materializes over time.
{"title":"“Geopolitical crises and economic policy uncertainty: Time series analysis from the United States”","authors":"Isa Camyar , Bahar Ulupinar","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) is empirically associated with a variety of economic and financial outcomes. However, its sources remain understudied. In this study, we analyze the long-run and short-run impacts of geopolitical crises on EPU by using evidence from the United States (U.S.) for the period of 1985-2019. We present a time series analysis, specifically the autoregressive distributive lag model, on a monthly dataset with the indicators of EPU and geopolitical crises. We find that the impact of geopolitical crises on EPU is conditional and temporal, meaning that it is significant only if the U.S. is directly involved or an active participant in them and materializes over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 3","pages":"Article 101061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101060
Paulo Pereira da Silva , Isabel Vieira
This study examines the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure on firms’ labour investment efficiency. Our results indicate that such impact is positive. ESG disclosure is more effective in curtailing over-hiring and when over-investment in physical capital is high. The uncovered positive association is mainly fuelled by the volume of social and governance disclosure (environmental disclosure barely affects labour investment efficiency), and is more pronounced for firms with a weaker corporate social responsibility performance. The results from the empirical analysis survive a battery of robustness tests, including the use of alternative measures to capture labour investment efficiency, different control variables in regression models, and controlling for endogeneity in ESG disclosure. Our analysis and findings are novel to the literature and contribute to ongoing debates about the impact of ESG disclosure on firms’ performance and about potential benefits and costs of mandatory disclosure.
{"title":"ESG disclosure and labour investment efficiency","authors":"Paulo Pereira da Silva , Isabel Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure on firms’ labour investment efficiency. Our results indicate that such impact is positive. ESG disclosure is more effective in curtailing over-hiring and when over-investment in physical capital is high. The uncovered positive association is mainly fuelled by the volume of social and governance disclosure (environmental disclosure barely affects labour investment efficiency), and is more pronounced for firms with a weaker corporate social responsibility performance. The results from the empirical analysis survive a battery of robustness tests, including the use of alternative measures to capture labour investment efficiency, different control variables in regression models, and controlling for endogeneity in ESG disclosure. Our analysis and findings are novel to the literature and contribute to ongoing debates about the impact of ESG disclosure on firms’ performance and about potential benefits and costs of mandatory disclosure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 3","pages":"Article 101060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101056
Tetsuya Kawamura , Kazuhito Ogawa , Yusuke Osaki
Experimental evidence has revealed that females are more prosocial than males. However, we do not know much about what lies in differences in prosocial behavior in gender. The research question of this study is how effects of social image differ by gender and these effects can explain gender differences in prosocial behavior. Social image is a desire to be perceived as fair and is impure motivation behind prosocial behavior. Experimental studies developed various devices to extract social image and observed its existence in dictator game experiments. However, these methods are not suitable for our purpose because we need to measure the effects of social image, not just existence. This study conducted the risky dictator game in which dictators do not care about their social image because recipients cannot infer dictator's allocation. By adding social image, we prepare the two types of risky dictator games with and without social image. We measure social image based on differences in amount and probability of positive allocation in risky dictator game experiments with and without social image. This study observed differences in effects of social image by gender. We draw conclusion that social image is a cause for gender differences in prosocial behavior.
{"title":"The differences in effects of social image by gender using risky dictator game experiments","authors":"Tetsuya Kawamura , Kazuhito Ogawa , Yusuke Osaki","doi":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rie.2025.101056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental evidence has revealed that females are more prosocial than males. However, we do not know much about what lies in differences in prosocial behavior in gender. The research question of this study is how effects of social image differ by gender and these effects can explain gender differences in prosocial behavior. Social image is a desire to be perceived as fair and is impure motivation behind prosocial behavior. Experimental studies developed various devices to extract social image and observed its existence in dictator game experiments. However, these methods are not suitable for our purpose because we need to measure the effects of social image, not just existence. This study conducted the risky dictator game in which dictators do not care about their social image because recipients cannot infer dictator's allocation. By adding social image, we prepare the two types of risky dictator games with and without social image. We measure social image based on differences in amount and probability of positive allocation in risky dictator game experiments with and without social image. This study observed differences in effects of social image by gender. We draw conclusion that social image is a cause for gender differences in prosocial behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46094,"journal":{"name":"Research in Economics","volume":"79 3","pages":"Article 101056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号