Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.1978608
Ursula Roldán Andrade
This article addresses restrictions on human mobility and migrations decreed as a result of the expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyzes these restrictions' exclusionary approaches aimed mainly at the impoverished migrant population and synthesizes different facts that, over time and by means of state provisions, which are conceptualized as one of the emergency, are limiting rights. For example, the right to migrate;to receive asylum requests or non-refoulement;to live without stigmatization, racism and violence. These are all justified as a matter of national security - a concept that originates and spreads as a policy of the receiving state with a high impact on the emigrants of the expelling states. Guatemala's case is shown to be one that exemplifies how migration in transit is managed and its relationship with the establishment of a state of prevention, which corresponds to a state of emergency conceptually exposed.
{"title":"State of Emergency for Immigration Containment","authors":"Ursula Roldán Andrade","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.1978608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.1978608","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses restrictions on human mobility and migrations decreed as a result of the expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyzes these restrictions' exclusionary approaches aimed mainly at the impoverished migrant population and synthesizes different facts that, over time and by means of state provisions, which are conceptualized as one of the emergency, are limiting rights. For example, the right to migrate;to receive asylum requests or non-refoulement;to live without stigmatization, racism and violence. These are all justified as a matter of national security - a concept that originates and spreads as a policy of the receiving state with a high impact on the emigrants of the expelling states. Guatemala's case is shown to be one that exemplifies how migration in transit is managed and its relationship with the establishment of a state of prevention, which corresponds to a state of emergency conceptually exposed.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2010868
T. Hirschl, Ayesha Mohammed, A. Fagan, Carol Houssock, L. Bergh
ABSTRACT This study compares international experiences in how the poor are fighting poverty. The study data are derived from clients participating in the Poverty Stoplight program where clients create the set of indicators defining multidimensional poverty. Clients then create a plan to change a set of indicators in order to raise themselves out of poverty. By comparing efforts across three countries, the study analyzes the diversity of contexts in light of the United Nations sustainable development goal to ”end poverty in all its forms everywhere” that must necessarily account for this diversity.
{"title":"International Comparisons in Fighting Poverty: The Poverty Stoplight Program in South Africa, the UK, and the US","authors":"T. Hirschl, Ayesha Mohammed, A. Fagan, Carol Houssock, L. Bergh","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2010868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2010868","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study compares international experiences in how the poor are fighting poverty. The study data are derived from clients participating in the Poverty Stoplight program where clients create the set of indicators defining multidimensional poverty. Clients then create a plan to change a set of indicators in order to raise themselves out of poverty. By comparing efforts across three countries, the study analyzes the diversity of contexts in light of the United Nations sustainable development goal to ”end poverty in all its forms everywhere” that must necessarily account for this diversity.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"27 1","pages":"82 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43439390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2010860
N. Tilahun, J. Persky, Jaeyong Shin, Moira Zellner
ABSTRACT This study investigates the extent to which childhood poverty experience and family variables affect the persistence of poverty in adulthood. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data where subjects are observed over multiple years both as children and adults. We examine the extent to which the persistence of poverty after age 18 and age 25 are predicted by childhood poverty experience. We find that the proportion of time spent in poverty in adulthood increases with the proportion of time spent in poverty in childhood after controlling for other personal, family, place and time-period effects. The magnitude of the effect of childhood poverty on adult outcomes gets smaller but remains significant when examining poverty experiences after age 25. We also find that there are unobserved but strong family level effects that either increase or reduce the chances of adulthood poverty substantially for some extended family units.
{"title":"Childhood Poverty, Extended Family and Adult Poverty","authors":"N. Tilahun, J. Persky, Jaeyong Shin, Moira Zellner","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2010860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2010860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates the extent to which childhood poverty experience and family variables affect the persistence of poverty in adulthood. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data where subjects are observed over multiple years both as children and adults. We examine the extent to which the persistence of poverty after age 18 and age 25 are predicted by childhood poverty experience. We find that the proportion of time spent in poverty in adulthood increases with the proportion of time spent in poverty in childhood after controlling for other personal, family, place and time-period effects. The magnitude of the effect of childhood poverty on adult outcomes gets smaller but remains significant when examining poverty experiences after age 25. We also find that there are unobserved but strong family level effects that either increase or reduce the chances of adulthood poverty substantially for some extended family units.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44431468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2010872
S. Visser, Arjen J.E. Edzes, Erik Merx, Sander van Lanen
ABSTRACT Mechanisms that drive the intergenerational transmission of poverty have been studied widely, but to understand how these mechanisms are at work in real life we require studies on perspectives of families who themselves are living in poverty. In this study, we combine the perspectives of multiple generations of family households in a rural area in the Netherlands. We want to understand from their own perspective what prevents these families from escaping poverty. Twenty-three family households participated in intergenerational interviews. Results show that recurrent mechanisms were often perceived to relate to rearing practices, norm-setting and geographical mechanisms (immobility and perceived place-based stigma). Family habitus structures the mechanisms that prolong and perpetuate poverty.
{"title":"“It All Starts with Family”: Mechanisms of Intergenerational Poverty in the Veenkoloniën, the Netherlands","authors":"S. Visser, Arjen J.E. Edzes, Erik Merx, Sander van Lanen","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2010872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2010872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mechanisms that drive the intergenerational transmission of poverty have been studied widely, but to understand how these mechanisms are at work in real life we require studies on perspectives of families who themselves are living in poverty. In this study, we combine the perspectives of multiple generations of family households in a rural area in the Netherlands. We want to understand from their own perspective what prevents these families from escaping poverty. Twenty-three family households participated in intergenerational interviews. Results show that recurrent mechanisms were often perceived to relate to rearing practices, norm-setting and geographical mechanisms (immobility and perceived place-based stigma). Family habitus structures the mechanisms that prolong and perpetuate poverty.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"26 1","pages":"520 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45881230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2010863
J. Birkenmaier, Q. Fu
ABSTRACT This study examines US household methods used to access their bank account, and implications for the use of Alternative Financial Services (AFS) and financial well-being. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Results indicated that 7.7% of households are very likely to access their account through a bank teller (Bank Teller Access Method), 25% are very likely to use all types of technology (All Technology Access Method), 33.5% use all types of access methods but not their smartphone (Traditional Technology Access Method), and 33.8% use all methods (All Modes Access Method). Access method is associated with AFS use.
{"title":"Bank Account Access Methods, Household Financial Well-Being, and Alternative Financial Services","authors":"J. Birkenmaier, Q. Fu","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2010863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2010863","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines US household methods used to access their bank account, and implications for the use of Alternative Financial Services (AFS) and financial well-being. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Results indicated that 7.7% of households are very likely to access their account through a bank teller (Bank Teller Access Method), 25% are very likely to use all types of technology (All Technology Access Method), 33.5% use all types of access methods but not their smartphone (Traditional Technology Access Method), and 33.8% use all methods (All Modes Access Method). Access method is associated with AFS use.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"27 1","pages":"33 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2011532
Kazi Tanvir Mahmud, Fahima Kabir, Jinat Hossain, D. Chawdhury
ABSTRACT The study aims to reveal the impacts of land ownership on rural Bangladeshi women’s household incomes and decision-making capacity. Data were collected by using the Simple Random Sampling technique from the selected participants in Tangail district. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) results demonstrate that land ownership had no significant impact on enhancing woman’s own income. The existing patriarchal norms restraint women from controlling their land; even their decision-making capacity regarding large purchase, crop cultivation, children’s well-being, and mobility remains very limited. Legislation concerning gender equal inheritance rights and longer action-plan for gender transformation are required for a change.
{"title":"Can Land Ownership Really Improve the Economic Status and Decision-Making Capacity of the Rural Women? Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"Kazi Tanvir Mahmud, Fahima Kabir, Jinat Hossain, D. Chawdhury","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2011532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2011532","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study aims to reveal the impacts of land ownership on rural Bangladeshi women’s household incomes and decision-making capacity. Data were collected by using the Simple Random Sampling technique from the selected participants in Tangail district. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) results demonstrate that land ownership had no significant impact on enhancing woman’s own income. The existing patriarchal norms restraint women from controlling their land; even their decision-making capacity regarding large purchase, crop cultivation, children’s well-being, and mobility remains very limited. Legislation concerning gender equal inheritance rights and longer action-plan for gender transformation are required for a change.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"27 1","pages":"166 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44028304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2010858
Sarah R. Leat, Courtney Cronley, K. Hyun, F. Naz
ABSTRACT Shared mobility services, such as car-share and ride-hail programs, have become increasingly popular within the sharing economy. Shared mobility services could reduce transportation inequities among marginalized populations. However, research has yet to assess how those responsible for disseminating shared mobility services perceive these resources. To address this gap, researchers interviewed 28 community agency service providers and transportation experts. Four themes emerged about providers’ perceptions of shared mobility services. Overall, providers were unfamiliar with shared mobility services, which led to reluctance to recommend them. This study suggests that shared mobility services are under-utilized for increasing mobility among marginalized populations.
{"title":"Examining the Feasibility of Shared Mobility Programs for Reducing Transportation Inequities: Perspectives from the Front-Line","authors":"Sarah R. Leat, Courtney Cronley, K. Hyun, F. Naz","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2010858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2010858","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Shared mobility services, such as car-share and ride-hail programs, have become increasingly popular within the sharing economy. Shared mobility services could reduce transportation inequities among marginalized populations. However, research has yet to assess how those responsible for disseminating shared mobility services perceive these resources. To address this gap, researchers interviewed 28 community agency service providers and transportation experts. Four themes emerged about providers’ perceptions of shared mobility services. Overall, providers were unfamiliar with shared mobility services, which led to reluctance to recommend them. This study suggests that shared mobility services are under-utilized for increasing mobility among marginalized populations.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"26 1","pages":"622 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47817962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2011819
R. Joseph
ABSTRACT The long-sought self-sufficiency goal of contemporary social welfare systems has been mostly elusive, even in developed countries. This paper presents a revised version of the Self-Sufficiency Framework as a pragmatic strategy for welfare reform, investigating how the current neoliberal approach centered on promoting employment (workfare) could be made more socially just and freedom-oriented. Thus, the framework proposed here accepts the central goal of promoting employment (self-sufficiency) at the core of current welfare systems, but complements that goal with a strong and non-stigmatizing welfare support package and with labor market reforms aimed at combating exploitative forms of employment. Furthermore, the proposed model emphasizes the need for financial inclusion, notably in the banking system and the mortgage industry.
{"title":"The Self-Sufficiency Framework—Revised: A Full Welfare / Full Work Roadmap for Poverty Alleviation in Contemporary Social Welfare Systems","authors":"R. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2011819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2011819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The long-sought self-sufficiency goal of contemporary social welfare systems has been mostly elusive, even in developed countries. This paper presents a revised version of the Self-Sufficiency Framework as a pragmatic strategy for welfare reform, investigating how the current neoliberal approach centered on promoting employment (workfare) could be made more socially just and freedom-oriented. Thus, the framework proposed here accepts the central goal of promoting employment (self-sufficiency) at the core of current welfare systems, but complements that goal with a strong and non-stigmatizing welfare support package and with labor market reforms aimed at combating exploitative forms of employment. Furthermore, the proposed model emphasizes the need for financial inclusion, notably in the banking system and the mortgage industry.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44798568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2011818
Vanessa T. Siy Van, Zarah G. Sales, Normahitta P. Gordoncillo, Leslie Advincula-Lopez, Joselito T. Sescon, Eden Delight Miro
ABSTRACT This paper identified and compared pathways of childhood undernutrition among 308 rural and 310 urban children from low-income households in the Philippines. Multidisciplinary analyses based on quantitative and qualitative data revealed unique urban and rural constraints accounting for differing nutritional outcomes. Urban poor families were more food secure, though vegetable avoidance and poor micronutrient adequacy were observed. Rather than mitigate threats to undernutrition, rural households’ reliance on home food agriculture heightened risk to food insecurity, as the Philippines is vulnerable to crop-destroying tropical storms. Our findings suggest the need to strengthen local governance institutions to implement context-specific multisectoral interventions.
{"title":"Multilevel Pathways of Rural and Urban Poverty as Determinants of Childhood Undernutrition in the Philippines","authors":"Vanessa T. Siy Van, Zarah G. Sales, Normahitta P. Gordoncillo, Leslie Advincula-Lopez, Joselito T. Sescon, Eden Delight Miro","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2011818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2011818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper identified and compared pathways of childhood undernutrition among 308 rural and 310 urban children from low-income households in the Philippines. Multidisciplinary analyses based on quantitative and qualitative data revealed unique urban and rural constraints accounting for differing nutritional outcomes. Urban poor families were more food secure, though vegetable avoidance and poor micronutrient adequacy were observed. Rather than mitigate threats to undernutrition, rural households’ reliance on home food agriculture heightened risk to food insecurity, as the Philippines is vulnerable to crop-destroying tropical storms. Our findings suggest the need to strengthen local governance institutions to implement context-specific multisectoral interventions.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47119390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2021.2010869
Çiğdem Tuğaç
ABSTRACT In Turkey, large-scale environmental problems, disasters, unemployment, and conflicts have catalyzed population migrations into cities, thus increasing the number of urban poor and worsening the overall poverty rate. While previous studies have investigated different methods of reducing poverty at various time points, this study focused on clarifying the nature of developments and changes in public administration policies designed to address the urban poor in Turkey, including relevant legislative frameworks, involved parties, and future policy outlooks. In the study, it was concluded that rural development should be provided in order to reduce the rate of urban poverty in Turkey.
{"title":"Evaluating the Evolution and Future of Urban Poverty Policies in Public Administration in Turkey","authors":"Çiğdem Tuğaç","doi":"10.1080/10875549.2021.2010869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.2010869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Turkey, large-scale environmental problems, disasters, unemployment, and conflicts have catalyzed population migrations into cities, thus increasing the number of urban poor and worsening the overall poverty rate. While previous studies have investigated different methods of reducing poverty at various time points, this study focused on clarifying the nature of developments and changes in public administration policies designed to address the urban poor in Turkey, including relevant legislative frameworks, involved parties, and future policy outlooks. In the study, it was concluded that rural development should be provided in order to reduce the rate of urban poverty in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":46177,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poverty","volume":"27 1","pages":"130 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42851290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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