{"title":"The advertisement of alcohol in colonial and post colonial times in Southern Nigeria","authors":"U. Okonkwo","doi":"10.1111/JOHS.12185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/JOHS.12185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/JOHS.12185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47650432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2009.01368.X
Meiyao Wu
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the process of westernization of Chinese education – of the Chinese educational “system”– was marked by ongoing conflicts between traditional Chinese and modern western culture. This paper looks at the process by which, within the larger context of the “world-society,” educational thought was constituted or reconstituted (regenerated) in modern China, thus taking on a more hybrid form. My analysis is guided by a Luhmannian approach which focuses on the distinction between the educational system and its environment, and on the changing concept of “education” throughout an important period in the history of modern China. I will try to analyze the historical description of the distinction between traditional Chinese and modern Western educational ideas.
{"title":"The Transformation of the Educational Semantic within a Changing Society: A Study of the Westernization of Modern Chinese Education1","authors":"Meiyao Wu","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2009.01368.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2009.01368.X","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the process of westernization of Chinese education – of the Chinese educational “system”– was marked by ongoing conflicts between traditional Chinese and modern western culture. This paper looks at the process by which, within the larger context of the “world-society,” educational thought was constituted or reconstituted (regenerated) in modern China, thus taking on a more hybrid form. My analysis is guided by a Luhmannian approach which focuses on the distinction between the educational system and its environment, and on the changing concept of “education” throughout an important period in the history of modern China. I will try to analyze the historical description of the distinction between traditional Chinese and modern Western educational ideas.","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2009.01368.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63074019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00333.X
A. Grundlingh
This article attempts to correlate the unprecedented economic growth of the 1960s in South Africa with shifts in patterns of consumption, attendant lifestyle changes and forms of status identification among Afrikaners. Moreover the subse- quent divergences in Afrikaner nationalist politics and the demise of apartheid are explored in terms of the rise of the Afrikaner middle-class as one, hitherto largely unexamined, factor in the political transition in South Africa during the 1990s. ***** The 1960s are usually characterised in South African history as the time when apartheid flourished under the ever-watchful and all- knowing eyes of Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd, who for many whites was the symbol of an inspirational leader until his assassi- nation in 1966. The historical markers of this period are well known: Verwoerd led South Africa to becoming a Republic and he acted forcefully against the Pan Africanist Congress and the African National Congress by banning them following the events at Sharp- eville on 21 March 1960 when 69 black protesters died after the police shot at them. Apartheid gradually encompassed more and more facets of South African life and the National Party went from strength to strength at the polling booths. At the same time the African National Congress had to re-establish itself in exile. These events were obviously of great import and rightly attracted the attention of numerous historians. The constant emphasis on apartheid and formal Afrikaner politics has, however, led to histo- rians neglecting the simultaneous socio-economic undercurrents in Afrikaner society and assessing their wider cultural and political impact. Whites are usually viewed as the agents of a repressive society during this period but, as the historian William Beinart has remarked, they too have a complex social history. 2 For a fuller historical understanding of the South African social formation as a whole, internal and more subterranean developments in white society should be taken equally seriously as those informing the larger issues in South Africa. This article thus seeks to explore some of the dynamics that helped to shape a new Afrikaner social world during a period of unprecedented economic growth. The notion of a social world in this
{"title":"“Are We Afrikaners Getting too Rich?”1 Cornucopia and Change in Afrikanerdom in the 1960s","authors":"A. Grundlingh","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00333.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00333.X","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to correlate the unprecedented economic growth of the 1960s in South Africa with shifts in patterns of consumption, attendant lifestyle changes and forms of status identification among Afrikaners. Moreover the subse- quent divergences in Afrikaner nationalist politics and the demise of apartheid are explored in terms of the rise of the Afrikaner middle-class as one, hitherto largely unexamined, factor in the political transition in South Africa during the 1990s. ***** The 1960s are usually characterised in South African history as the time when apartheid flourished under the ever-watchful and all- knowing eyes of Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd, who for many whites was the symbol of an inspirational leader until his assassi- nation in 1966. The historical markers of this period are well known: Verwoerd led South Africa to becoming a Republic and he acted forcefully against the Pan Africanist Congress and the African National Congress by banning them following the events at Sharp- eville on 21 March 1960 when 69 black protesters died after the police shot at them. Apartheid gradually encompassed more and more facets of South African life and the National Party went from strength to strength at the polling booths. At the same time the African National Congress had to re-establish itself in exile. These events were obviously of great import and rightly attracted the attention of numerous historians. The constant emphasis on apartheid and formal Afrikaner politics has, however, led to histo- rians neglecting the simultaneous socio-economic undercurrents in Afrikaner society and assessing their wider cultural and political impact. Whites are usually viewed as the agents of a repressive society during this period but, as the historian William Beinart has remarked, they too have a complex social history. 2 For a fuller historical understanding of the South African social formation as a whole, internal and more subterranean developments in white society should be taken equally seriously as those informing the larger issues in South Africa. This article thus seeks to explore some of the dynamics that helped to shape a new Afrikaner social world during a period of unprecedented economic growth. The notion of a social world in this","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00333.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63073603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00334.X
M. Mansfield
This article challenges the idea that the construction of unemployment in turn-of-the-century Great Britain was an attempt simply to normalize employment relations by promoting regular work patterns. An analysis of the Booth survey in terms of the standard of life concept demonstrates the importance of the slum clearance problematic in bringing about the major rethink in policy thinking which ultimately led to the labour exchange project. The peculiar mobilisation patterns promoted by the labour exchange project reflect the difficulty or impossibility of delocalising industry or dock activity into the London suburbs.
{"title":"Putting Moral Standards on the Map: The Construction of Unemployment and the Housing Problem in Turn‐of‐the‐Century London1","authors":"M. Mansfield","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00334.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00334.X","url":null,"abstract":"This article challenges the idea that the construction of unemployment in turn-of-the-century Great Britain was an attempt simply to normalize employment relations by promoting regular work patterns. An analysis of the Booth survey in terms of the standard of life concept demonstrates the importance of the slum clearance problematic in bringing about the major rethink in policy thinking which ultimately led to the labour exchange project. The peculiar mobilisation patterns promoted by the labour exchange project reflect the difficulty or impossibility of delocalising industry or dock activity into the London suburbs.","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00334.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63073610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00337.X
L. Bosi
This article explains how the contingent of complex interactions among pre-existing structural settings, institutional constraints, processes of regional and international transformative events, and uniquely combined developments within and between different contenders in the aftermath of the Second World War shaped Northern Ireland socio and political relations and thus instigated the Civil Rights Movement mobilization process. By re-introducing the time-space context into our studies of collective action, through a relational reading, my intent first is to advance our understanding of those episodes and complex patterns of interaction that give rise to social movements, and second to move beyond the static movement-centric approach explanation and away from the a-historical nature of much of the social movement literature. My historical-sociological research, into the longitudinal case study of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement mobilization, involves secondary and new empirical primary sources, such as archival analysis, qualitative examination of Northern Ireland daily newspapers during the 1960s, and the collection of 35 semi-structured interviews with key players from the Civil Rights Movement.
{"title":"Explaining the Emergence Process of the Civil Rights Protest in Northern Ireland (1945–1968): Insights from a Relational Social Movement Approach1","authors":"L. Bosi","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00337.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00337.X","url":null,"abstract":"This article explains how the contingent of complex interactions among pre-existing structural settings, institutional constraints, processes of regional and international transformative events, and uniquely combined developments within and between different contenders in the aftermath of the Second World War shaped Northern Ireland socio and political relations and thus instigated the Civil Rights Movement mobilization process. By re-introducing the time-space context into our studies of collective action, through a relational reading, my intent first is to advance our understanding of those episodes and complex patterns of interaction that give rise to social movements, and second to move beyond the static movement-centric approach explanation and away from the a-historical nature of much of the social movement literature. My historical-sociological research, into the longitudinal case study of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement mobilization, involves secondary and new empirical primary sources, such as archival analysis, qualitative examination of Northern Ireland daily newspapers during the 1960s, and the collection of 35 semi-structured interviews with key players from the Civil Rights Movement.","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2008.00337.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63073743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00323.X
Seán L'estrange
Abstract This article argues that discourse on community as a socio-political problem needs to be located within historical, institutional, and socio-structural contexts if it is to be properly understood. In particular, it suggests that the role of religion in promoting forms of communitarian discourse and practice needs to be given greater attention than it has hitherto received within the social sciences. The article pursues this argument through examination of the religious discourse on community cultivated and promoted by the Catholic Church in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By providing an analysis of its role in Catholic responses to three major socio-political crises in Ireland between the 1890s and 1960s, the paper suggests that not only does socio-religious discourse on community constitute a powerful alternative to secular social-scientific discourses, but that such discourse is particularly effective in helping to constitute specific groups as communities, given favourable sociological conditions.
{"title":"“A Community of Communities”– Catholic Communitarianism and Societal Crises in Ireland, 1890s–1950s1","authors":"Seán L'estrange","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00323.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00323.X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article argues that discourse on community as a socio-political problem needs to be located within historical, institutional, and socio-structural contexts if it is to be properly understood. In particular, it suggests that the role of religion in promoting forms of communitarian discourse and practice needs to be given greater attention than it has hitherto received within the social sciences. The article pursues this argument through examination of the religious discourse on community cultivated and promoted by the Catholic Church in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By providing an analysis of its role in Catholic responses to three major socio-political crises in Ireland between the 1890s and 1960s, the paper suggests that not only does socio-religious discourse on community constitute a powerful alternative to secular social-scientific discourses, but that such discourse is particularly effective in helping to constitute specific groups as communities, given favourable sociological conditions.","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00323.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63073340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00322.X
Joyce Dalsheim
Since the late 1980s there has been a growing scholarly concern with speaking silences of the past and recognizing the voices and perspectives of those “others” who have been written out of hegemonic historical narratives, especially in areas of intense conflict like Israel/Palestine. This study is concerned with the ways in which hegemonic national history can be re-inscribed even as attempts are made to tell an alternative narrative. This article is based on three years of ethnographic research in an Israeli Jewish high school at the height of debates among historians about the Israeli national past. It examines the motivation to teach an alternative narrative that would recognize Palestinian perspectives and reveals the micro-processes involved that ultimately undermine such recognition.
{"title":"Deconstructing National Myths, Reconstituting Morality: Modernity, Hegemony and the Israeli National Past1","authors":"Joyce Dalsheim","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00322.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00322.X","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 1980s there has been a growing scholarly concern with speaking silences of the past and recognizing the voices and perspectives of those “others” who have been written out of hegemonic historical narratives, especially in areas of intense conflict like Israel/Palestine. This study is concerned with the ways in which hegemonic national history can be re-inscribed even as attempts are made to tell an alternative narrative. This article is based on three years of ethnographic research in an Israeli Jewish high school at the height of debates among historians about the Israeli national past. It examines the motivation to teach an alternative narrative that would recognize Palestinian perspectives and reveals the micro-processes involved that ultimately undermine such recognition.","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00322.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63073329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00321.X
Maria R. Lowe
Based on archival research and in-depth interviews, this study explores how Tougaloo College in Jackson, Mississippi developed into a pivotal movement center in Mississippi's civil rights movement and the ways in which Tougaloo's faculty and administrators as organic intellectuals helped to create, maintain, and augment such a free space and the social networks who utilized it. The school served as an interracial “safe haven” for those involved in and sympathetic to the civil rights movement who in turn, helped to cultivate networks, ideas, and strategies that contributed to the movement in meaningful ways. The school's heritage, its sources of financial support, and its relative physical isolation allowed Tougaloo College to challenge Mississippi's closed society from within.
{"title":"An “Oasis of Freedom” in a “Closed Society”: The Development of Tougaloo College as a Free Space in Mississippi's Civil Rights Movement, 1960 to 19641","authors":"Maria R. Lowe","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00321.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00321.X","url":null,"abstract":"Based on archival research and in-depth interviews, this study explores how Tougaloo College in Jackson, Mississippi developed into a pivotal movement center in Mississippi's civil rights movement and the ways in which Tougaloo's faculty and administrators as organic intellectuals helped to create, maintain, and augment such a free space and the social networks who utilized it. The school served as an interracial “safe haven” for those involved in and sympathetic to the civil rights movement who in turn, helped to cultivate networks, ideas, and strategies that contributed to the movement in meaningful ways. The school's heritage, its sources of financial support, and its relative physical isolation allowed Tougaloo College to challenge Mississippi's closed society from within.","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00321.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63073315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00308.X
D. Bunzel
Drawing on secondary data and interviews, this paper traces the economic and socio-cultural roots of contemporary policies to promote full participation of people with disabilities in mainstream German society. Underlying such policies and related practices has been a concept of rehabilitation through work that evolved within a context of labour shortages, Protestant work ethics, and German welfarism at the beginning of the 20th century and that has yielded rather ambiguous consequences. I argue this elective affinity among economic, cultural, and socio-political imperatives has undermined potentials for integration and self-actualization of people with disabilities. Not only was rehabilitation subordinated to a productivist logic and provoked forms of ill-paid or even forced labour; rehabilitation policies and measures have also been part of a system of social governance that effectively helped to segregate the “able” from the “unable” and that promulgated an ethos of productivism. Significantly, this essentially utilitarian ethos – which rendered health and rehabilitation into a social obligation and valued each wo/man according to his/her fitness and motivation to contribute to socio-economic development – evolved within capitalism but was equally pronounced in East Germany under state-socialist rule. Contrary to the egalitarian principles of both “socialist humanism” and “Western enlightenment”, policies and practices trans-societally focussed on the promotion of those who could – potentially at least – contribute to the regime of industrial production. As the example of East Germany demonstrates, social participation through paid work remains incomplete, at best, and provokes further segregation – even in times of severe labour shortages. The paper concludes that notwithstanding contemporary rhetoric, rehabilitation through work has remained a central pillar of contemporary welfare policies. In times of unbroken structural unemployment, the productivist paradigm and ensuing policies have become increasingly problematic – not only for the inclusion of people with disabilities. Experiences with the productivist modes of participation and with rehabilitation in East Germany suggest a post-productivist paradigm of inclusion that seeks participation beyond paid work.
{"title":"Rehabilitation Through Work? Disability and the Productivist Road to Participation in the East of Germany1","authors":"D. Bunzel","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00308.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00308.X","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on secondary data and interviews, this paper traces the economic and socio-cultural roots of contemporary policies to promote full participation of people with disabilities in mainstream German society. Underlying such policies and related practices has been a concept of rehabilitation through work that evolved within a context of labour shortages, Protestant work ethics, and German welfarism at the beginning of the 20th century and that has yielded rather ambiguous consequences. I argue this elective affinity among economic, cultural, and socio-political imperatives has undermined potentials for integration and self-actualization of people with disabilities. Not only was rehabilitation subordinated to a productivist logic and provoked forms of ill-paid or even forced labour; rehabilitation policies and measures have also been part of a system of social governance that effectively helped to segregate the “able” from the “unable” and that promulgated an ethos of productivism. Significantly, this essentially utilitarian ethos – which rendered health and rehabilitation into a social obligation and valued each wo/man according to his/her fitness and motivation to contribute to socio-economic development – evolved within capitalism but was equally pronounced in East Germany under state-socialist rule. Contrary to the egalitarian principles of both “socialist humanism” and “Western enlightenment”, policies and practices trans-societally focussed on the promotion of those who could – potentially at least – contribute to the regime of industrial production. As the example of East Germany demonstrates, social participation through paid work remains incomplete, at best, and provokes further segregation – even in times of severe labour shortages. The paper concludes that notwithstanding contemporary rhetoric, rehabilitation through work has remained a central pillar of contemporary welfare policies. In times of unbroken structural unemployment, the productivist paradigm and ensuing policies have become increasingly problematic – not only for the inclusion of people with disabilities. Experiences with the productivist modes of participation and with rehabilitation in East Germany suggest a post-productivist paradigm of inclusion that seeks participation beyond paid work.","PeriodicalId":46194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1467-6443.2007.00308.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63073132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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