Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231172526
E. Fong
Attracting highly educated/high-skilled migrants has been a major policy issue for many East and Southeast Asian economies. Highly skilled migrants do not necessarily have higher levels of education, but highly educated migrants have usually acquired higher levels of skills. Over the past few decades, a growing number of economies in East and Southeast Asia have implemented policies to attract or retain highly educated/high-skilled migrants, including nurses, highskilled technicians, computer scientists, engineers and financial analysts. We define highly educated individuals as those with university education or above-average education in their local labor market, while the highly skilled is broadly defined as those with high level of training, special skills, or those who acquired both. At the same time, economies in other parts of the world have been actively recruiting similar highly educated/high-skilled groups. Therefore, economies in East and Southeast Asia compete not only with other economies in the region, but also with developed economies in other parts of the world. In response to the high demand and potentially high rewards, welleducated migrants have become very mobile. According to Czaika (2018), in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
{"title":"Social and economic integration of highly educated/high-skilled migrants in East and Southeast Asia: Overview of the Special Issue","authors":"E. Fong","doi":"10.1177/01171968231172526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231172526","url":null,"abstract":"Attracting highly educated/high-skilled migrants has been a major policy issue for many East and Southeast Asian economies. Highly skilled migrants do not necessarily have higher levels of education, but highly educated migrants have usually acquired higher levels of skills. Over the past few decades, a growing number of economies in East and Southeast Asia have implemented policies to attract or retain highly educated/high-skilled migrants, including nurses, highskilled technicians, computer scientists, engineers and financial analysts. We define highly educated individuals as those with university education or above-average education in their local labor market, while the highly skilled is broadly defined as those with high level of training, special skills, or those who acquired both. At the same time, economies in other parts of the world have been actively recruiting similar highly educated/high-skilled groups. Therefore, economies in East and Southeast Asia compete not only with other economies in the region, but also with developed economies in other parts of the world. In response to the high demand and potentially high rewards, welleducated migrants have become very mobile. According to Czaika (2018), in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91051639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231174409
Jocelyn Celero
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 31(3): 225–246. Silva HA (2021)Migraciones, crisis y pandemias en el siglo XXI. Argentina, Chile y Uruguay. [Migrations, crises and pandemics in the 21st century: Argentina, Chile and Uruguay]. Santiago: Ariadna Ediciones [In Spanish]. Triandafyllidou A (2021) Migration and Pandemics: Spaces of Solidarity and Spaces of Exception. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG. Vogt G and Qin S (2022) Sanitizing the national body: COVID-19 and the revival of Japan’s “closed country” strategy. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 31(3): 247–269.
{"title":"Book review: The Politics of International Marriage in Japan","authors":"Jocelyn Celero","doi":"10.1177/01171968231174409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231174409","url":null,"abstract":"during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 31(3): 225–246. Silva HA (2021)Migraciones, crisis y pandemias en el siglo XXI. Argentina, Chile y Uruguay. [Migrations, crises and pandemics in the 21st century: Argentina, Chile and Uruguay]. Santiago: Ariadna Ediciones [In Spanish]. Triandafyllidou A (2021) Migration and Pandemics: Spaces of Solidarity and Spaces of Exception. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG. Vogt G and Qin S (2022) Sanitizing the national body: COVID-19 and the revival of Japan’s “closed country” strategy. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 31(3): 247–269.","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79453035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01Epub Date: 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1177/01171968231169474
Evi Nurvidya Arifin, Aris Ananta
This article examines whether highly-skilled migrants (HSMs) have better employment prospects compared to low-skilled migrants (LSMs), highly-skilled non-migrants (HSNMs) and low-skilled non-migrants (LSNMs) during the unsettling time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This question was explored by focusing on internal migration in Indonesia utilizing the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey, which includes several pandemic-related information. The study examined employment in terms of working status, change in hours worked and change in income. The results indicate that having high skills was very important in coping with the disruptions in the labor market, regardless of the migration status. The highly-skilled migrants were the second best (after the highly-skilled non-migrants) in coping with the crisis. As this study focused on migration, future research should focus more on short-term mobility, such as commuters, who were likely to have been more disadvantaged by mobility restrictions during the pandemic.
{"title":"Employment of highly-skilled migrants during the pandemic: Focus on internal migration in Indonesia.","authors":"Evi Nurvidya Arifin, Aris Ananta","doi":"10.1177/01171968231169474","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01171968231169474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines whether highly-skilled migrants (HSMs) have better employment prospects compared to low-skilled migrants (LSMs), highly-skilled non-migrants (HSNMs) and low-skilled non-migrants (LSNMs) during the unsettling time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This question was explored by focusing on internal migration in Indonesia utilizing the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey, which includes several pandemic-related information. The study examined employment in terms of working status, change in hours worked and change in income. The results indicate that having high skills was very important in coping with the disruptions in the labor market, regardless of the migration status. The highly-skilled migrants were the second best (after the highly-skilled non-migrants) in coping with the crisis. As this study focused on migration, future research should focus more on short-term mobility, such as commuters, who were likely to have been more disadvantaged by mobility restrictions during the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10119659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90138688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231168137
Gracia Liu-Farrer
Japan welcomes highly educated migrants, but do these migrants stay on in Japan? Drawing on a web survey of 600 immigrant employees working in Japan, this paper evaluates different factors influencing migrants’ stay and leave intentions. The results indicate that economic and employment-related reasons have limited impact on migrants’ stay intentions. Nationalities also predict migrants’ varied willingness to stay in Japan, indicating the blurring boundary between economic and cultural logics of migration. Among all factors, marrying locals provides the strongest incentive to stay, demonstrating again that affective and social ties exercise the most power in anchoring the migrants.
{"title":"The logics of staying for highly skilled Asian migrants in Japan","authors":"Gracia Liu-Farrer","doi":"10.1177/01171968231168137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231168137","url":null,"abstract":"Japan welcomes highly educated migrants, but do these migrants stay on in Japan? Drawing on a web survey of 600 immigrant employees working in Japan, this paper evaluates different factors influencing migrants’ stay and leave intentions. The results indicate that economic and employment-related reasons have limited impact on migrants’ stay intentions. Nationalities also predict migrants’ varied willingness to stay in Japan, indicating the blurring boundary between economic and cultural logics of migration. Among all factors, marrying locals provides the strongest incentive to stay, demonstrating again that affective and social ties exercise the most power in anchoring the migrants.","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84563181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231174961
Lara Momesso
{"title":"Book review: Migrant Workers in Singapore. Lives and Labor in a Transient Migration Regime","authors":"Lara Momesso","doi":"10.1177/01171968231174961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231174961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231170503
Pui Kwan Man, Rebecca Yiqing Gan, E. Fong
Migration is expected to bring higher life satisfaction with better social and economic achievement. While studies on life satisfaction treat migrants mainly as a single homogeneous group, knowledge about highly educated migrants is scant in current migration scholarship. Highly educated migrants may not have the higher life satisfaction because they may also have higher expectations. To complicate matters further, there may be gender differences in the experiences and life satisfaction of highly educated migrants. This study examines the factors associated with levels of life satisfaction among highly educated migrants from a gender perspective. First, we examine whether the level of life satisfaction differs by gender. Second, we explore various factors associated with the life satisfaction of highly educated migrants and whether these factors differ by gender. We examine these relationships using data from a respondent-driven sampling of 2,884 highly educated Mainland Chinese migrants in Hong Kong. Our results indicate that the life satisfaction of female migrants is related to their social networks, whereas the life satisfaction of male migrants is related to economic security.
{"title":"A gendered analysis of family, work, social spheres and life satisfaction: The case of highly educated migrants in Hong Kong","authors":"Pui Kwan Man, Rebecca Yiqing Gan, E. Fong","doi":"10.1177/01171968231170503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231170503","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is expected to bring higher life satisfaction with better social and economic achievement. While studies on life satisfaction treat migrants mainly as a single homogeneous group, knowledge about highly educated migrants is scant in current migration scholarship. Highly educated migrants may not have the higher life satisfaction because they may also have higher expectations. To complicate matters further, there may be gender differences in the experiences and life satisfaction of highly educated migrants. This study examines the factors associated with levels of life satisfaction among highly educated migrants from a gender perspective. First, we examine whether the level of life satisfaction differs by gender. Second, we explore various factors associated with the life satisfaction of highly educated migrants and whether these factors differ by gender. We examine these relationships using data from a respondent-driven sampling of 2,884 highly educated Mainland Chinese migrants in Hong Kong. Our results indicate that the life satisfaction of female migrants is related to their social networks, whereas the life satisfaction of male migrants is related to economic security.","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88293102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231167922
Ka Wang Kelvin Lam, Hua Zhong, Gloria Yuxuan Gu
Prior research overlooks highly educated migrants and their political incorporation in host societies. This study applies both classic assimilation and self-selection theories to understand political trust among highly educated migrants from Mainland China in Hong Kong, including their trust toward local (host society) and central (home society) governments. We also address the possibility of selective assimilation adopted by migrant parents as risk-reducing strategies. Based on a survey of highly educated Mainland migrants in Hong Kong (n = 2,884), our results show partial support for both theories. Migrants’ political trust is influenced by both their post-migration political exposure and their pre-migration political attitudes. Moreover, migrant parents tend to remain bicultural, showing more positive attitudes toward both governments in host and home societies.
{"title":"Classic assimilation, self-selection and parent status: An analysis of the central–local political trust among highly educated Mainland migrants in Hong Kong","authors":"Ka Wang Kelvin Lam, Hua Zhong, Gloria Yuxuan Gu","doi":"10.1177/01171968231167922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231167922","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research overlooks highly educated migrants and their political incorporation in host societies. This study applies both classic assimilation and self-selection theories to understand political trust among highly educated migrants from Mainland China in Hong Kong, including their trust toward local (host society) and central (home society) governments. We also address the possibility of selective assimilation adopted by migrant parents as risk-reducing strategies. Based on a survey of highly educated Mainland migrants in Hong Kong (n = 2,884), our results show partial support for both theories. Migrants’ political trust is influenced by both their post-migration political exposure and their pre-migration political attitudes. Moreover, migrant parents tend to remain bicultural, showing more positive attitudes toward both governments in host and home societies.","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83564716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231165584
Ping Lin
Studies on migration, education and social mobility are usually discussed in three separate fields. This article presents the overlap of these three fields by discussing how Taiwanese migrants in Dongguan and Jakarta perceive the educational opportunities for their children and the ethnic-based status for themselves. The study finds that for people from middle- and working-class families, migration overseas to less developed countries is a good opportunity to obtain higher socio-economic status and an upward mobility path for their children. However, the opportunity also creates unexpected anxieties. The privileges that these migrants obtain and the anxieties they have illustrate opportunity traps for these middling migrants.
{"title":"Mobility of the educated: Taiwanese migrants in Dongguan and Jakarta","authors":"Ping Lin","doi":"10.1177/01171968231165584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231165584","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on migration, education and social mobility are usually discussed in three separate fields. This article presents the overlap of these three fields by discussing how Taiwanese migrants in Dongguan and Jakarta perceive the educational opportunities for their children and the ethnic-based status for themselves. The study finds that for people from middle- and working-class families, migration overseas to less developed countries is a good opportunity to obtain higher socio-economic status and an upward mobility path for their children. However, the opportunity also creates unexpected anxieties. The privileges that these migrants obtain and the anxieties they have illustrate opportunity traps for these middling migrants.","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81264623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231173751
Skylar Biyang Sun, Lei Jin
We assessed how the high-skilled migrants’ statuses in Mainland China and Hong Kong and the discrepancies between the two statuses are related to their well-being outcomes. We used respondent-driven sampling method and obtained an analytical sample of 2,864 participants. The majority of the high-skilled migrants perceived higher status in Mainland China than in Hong Kong which is more consequential for their health and well-being. Compared to those who perceived similar statuses in the two locations, migrants who perceived different statuses tended to report lower levels of psychological well-being, providing evidence to the detrimental effects of status inconsistency.
{"title":"Which hierarchy matters? Subjective social status, status incongruence and well-being among high-skilled Mainland Chinese migrants in Hong Kong","authors":"Skylar Biyang Sun, Lei Jin","doi":"10.1177/01171968231173751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231173751","url":null,"abstract":"We assessed how the high-skilled migrants’ statuses in Mainland China and Hong Kong and the discrepancies between the two statuses are related to their well-being outcomes. We used respondent-driven sampling method and obtained an analytical sample of 2,864 participants. The majority of the high-skilled migrants perceived higher status in Mainland China than in Hong Kong which is more consequential for their health and well-being. Compared to those who perceived similar statuses in the two locations, migrants who perceived different statuses tended to report lower levels of psychological well-being, providing evidence to the detrimental effects of status inconsistency.","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83135883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01171968231174055
Kenny Shui, Ka Wang Kelvin Lam, Judy Chen, E. Fong
With more jobs requiring educational credentials, highly educated migrants are sought by many governments. This study is drawn from recently collected data between 2018 and 2020 in Hong Kong on highly educated migrants from Mainland China. We explored how entry visa categories, current experience and future expectation of highly educated migrants are related to their intention to stay. The findings suggest that all three aspects of their migration experience are related to their intention to stay. The findings also indicate that immigration policies, in particular visa categories, play a significant role in the intention of highly skilled migrants to stay. Thus, the government should pay attention to the types of visas that are likely to influence the retention of the highly educated in Hong Kong and the number of visas that are issued each year.
{"title":"Entry visa categories, current experiences and future expectations of highly educated migrants and their intention to stay","authors":"Kenny Shui, Ka Wang Kelvin Lam, Judy Chen, E. Fong","doi":"10.1177/01171968231174055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968231174055","url":null,"abstract":"With more jobs requiring educational credentials, highly educated migrants are sought by many governments. This study is drawn from recently collected data between 2018 and 2020 in Hong Kong on highly educated migrants from Mainland China. We explored how entry visa categories, current experience and future expectation of highly educated migrants are related to their intention to stay. The findings suggest that all three aspects of their migration experience are related to their intention to stay. The findings also indicate that immigration policies, in particular visa categories, play a significant role in the intention of highly skilled migrants to stay. Thus, the government should pay attention to the types of visas that are likely to influence the retention of the highly educated in Hong Kong and the number of visas that are issued each year.","PeriodicalId":46248,"journal":{"name":"Asian and Pacific Migration Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79446050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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