Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1017/s0020859023000391
Sean Scalmer
“Direct action” emerged as a central concept in labour-movement politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article traces and explains that process of invention. In doing so, it seeks to settle three currently unresolved historical problems: the problem of the meaning of direct action; the problem of its relative novelty; and the problem of its relationship to nation. The article draws upon pamphlets and newspapers published on four continents in English, French, Spanish, and German. It argues that the concept of direct action was used in several analytically distinguishable ways: categorical; performative; and strategic. While aspects of direct action were evident in many nations over several decades, French activists played a decisive and catalytic role in the development of the concept. They welded the categorical, performative, and strategic together. They assembled key performances into an agreed repertoire. And they underlined the revolutionary significance of this combination. This new assemblage was then widely taken up across the global labour movement.
{"title":"Direct Action: The Invention of a Transnational Concept","authors":"Sean Scalmer","doi":"10.1017/s0020859023000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859023000391","url":null,"abstract":"“Direct action” emerged as a central concept in labour-movement politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article traces and explains that process of invention. In doing so, it seeks to settle three currently unresolved historical problems: the problem of the meaning of direct action; the problem of its relative novelty; and the problem of its relationship to nation. The article draws upon pamphlets and newspapers published on four continents in English, French, Spanish, and German. It argues that the concept of direct action was used in several analytically distinguishable ways: categorical; performative; and strategic. While aspects of direct action were evident in many nations over several decades, French activists played a decisive and catalytic role in the development of the concept. They welded the categorical, performative, and strategic together. They assembled key performances into an agreed repertoire. And they underlined the revolutionary significance of this combination. This new assemblage was then widely taken up across the global labour movement.","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/s0020859023000378
{"title":"ISH volume 68 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0020859023000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859023000378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"18 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75612714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/S0020859023000317
Karen M. Tani
{"title":"Todd Carmody. Work Requirements. Race, Disability, and the Print Culture of Social Welfare. Duke University Press, Durham (NC) [etc.] 2022. 320 pp. Ill. $104.95. (Paper: $27.95.)","authors":"Karen M. Tani","doi":"10.1017/S0020859023000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859023000317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"os-47 1","pages":"338 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87242662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/s0020859023000342
A. Fahrmeir
{"title":"Global Commerce and Economic Conscience in Europe, 1700–1900. Distance and Entanglement. Ed. by Felix Brahm and Eve Rosenhaft. [Studies of the German Historical Institute London.] Oxford University Press, Oxford 2022. viii, 298 pp. £ 75.00; $ 100.00.","authors":"A. Fahrmeir","doi":"10.1017/s0020859023000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859023000342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"114 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72370695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/S0020859023000263
Horst Müller
Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik, the author of Solidarische Praxis in Allianz mit der Natur. Marx’ dialektische Praxisphilosophie für das 21. Jahrhundert, was professor of Philosophy and Education at the University of Kassel from 1971 to 2007. He worked intensively in the field of a dialectical philosophy of practice and, through international conferences, was a promoter of “Philosophy of Practice”, the important school of thought that followed Marx. This volume comprises a selection of articles from 1998 to 2018 and two in-depth contributions to the specialist literature. They aim to elaborate and continue the dialectical–practical–philosophical core of Marx’s thought as a current, ground-breaking, and “historically significant” “critical philosophy of social practice” (p. 132). It is, in this sense, that Marx should be rediscovered. And in this way, Schmied-Kowarzik counters shortened and petrified receptions of Marx and relies on excellent citations and a systematic argumentation. With the approach of dialectical practical thinking, a positivist or objectivist understanding of science, which is also widespread in Marxist movements, is simultaneously rejected. Herbert Marcuse, Ernst Bloch, and Henri Lefebvre are particularly highlighted from the philosophy of practice that followed Marx. Schmied-Kowarzik draws an arc from Plato and Aristotle to the constellation between Hegel and Marx, in which philosophical thought culminated at the time. Marx’s “Theses ad Feuerbach” testify that he, again, placed thinking, as Plato once did, in the “primacy of practice” (pp. 16, 121). In the process, Marx came to terms with Hegel’s affirmative understanding of knowledge of reality and bourgeois society (p. 45) and with the latter’s dialectic. He developed the mode of “intervening critique” (p. 16) and his dialectical philosophy of praxis, so the original notation or “Philosophie der Praxis” in German. Accordingly, bourgeois social philosophy does not go beyond the idea of legal equality based on private property, i.e. the property, appropriation, and power relations of bourgeois economic society. But in this constitutional form, according to Marx, the “true, realised selfdetermination of the people” (p. 45) is not achieved. He found the roots of social problems in the political–economic conditions of capitalism, politicized himself, and developed the idea or “project” of a social upheaval as human and humanitarian “emancipation” (pp. 134–150). The coherence of Marx’s concrete research and of his work is explained by the core concept. In this context, practice, embedded in the “productivity of living nature” (p. 23), is conceived as the human mode of existence and reality in general. People
{"title":"Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik. Solidarische Praxis in Allianz mit der Natur. Marx’ dialektische Praxisphilosophie für das 21. Jahrhundert. Westfälisches Dampfboot, Münster 2022. 205 pp. € 25.00.","authors":"Horst Müller","doi":"10.1017/S0020859023000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859023000263","url":null,"abstract":"Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik, the author of Solidarische Praxis in Allianz mit der Natur. Marx’ dialektische Praxisphilosophie für das 21. Jahrhundert, was professor of Philosophy and Education at the University of Kassel from 1971 to 2007. He worked intensively in the field of a dialectical philosophy of practice and, through international conferences, was a promoter of “Philosophy of Practice”, the important school of thought that followed Marx. This volume comprises a selection of articles from 1998 to 2018 and two in-depth contributions to the specialist literature. They aim to elaborate and continue the dialectical–practical–philosophical core of Marx’s thought as a current, ground-breaking, and “historically significant” “critical philosophy of social practice” (p. 132). It is, in this sense, that Marx should be rediscovered. And in this way, Schmied-Kowarzik counters shortened and petrified receptions of Marx and relies on excellent citations and a systematic argumentation. With the approach of dialectical practical thinking, a positivist or objectivist understanding of science, which is also widespread in Marxist movements, is simultaneously rejected. Herbert Marcuse, Ernst Bloch, and Henri Lefebvre are particularly highlighted from the philosophy of practice that followed Marx. Schmied-Kowarzik draws an arc from Plato and Aristotle to the constellation between Hegel and Marx, in which philosophical thought culminated at the time. Marx’s “Theses ad Feuerbach” testify that he, again, placed thinking, as Plato once did, in the “primacy of practice” (pp. 16, 121). In the process, Marx came to terms with Hegel’s affirmative understanding of knowledge of reality and bourgeois society (p. 45) and with the latter’s dialectic. He developed the mode of “intervening critique” (p. 16) and his dialectical philosophy of praxis, so the original notation or “Philosophie der Praxis” in German. Accordingly, bourgeois social philosophy does not go beyond the idea of legal equality based on private property, i.e. the property, appropriation, and power relations of bourgeois economic society. But in this constitutional form, according to Marx, the “true, realised selfdetermination of the people” (p. 45) is not achieved. He found the roots of social problems in the political–economic conditions of capitalism, politicized himself, and developed the idea or “project” of a social upheaval as human and humanitarian “emancipation” (pp. 134–150). The coherence of Marx’s concrete research and of his work is explained by the core concept. In this context, practice, embedded in the “productivity of living nature” (p. 23), is conceived as the human mode of existence and reality in general. People","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"11 1","pages":"325 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84766196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/S0020859023000330
P. Clawson
{"title":"Peter Good. The East India Company in Persia. Trade and Cultural Relations in the Eighteenth Century. I.B. Tauris, London [etc.] 2022. xvii, 199 pp. Ill. Maps. £85.00. (Paper: £28.99; E-book: £26.50.)","authors":"P. Clawson","doi":"10.1017/S0020859023000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859023000330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"14 1","pages":"343 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79356077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/S0020859023000354
B. Pudal
{"title":"Alain Prigent. Madeleine Marzin. Bretonne, résistante et élue communiste de Paris. Editions Manifeste/Le Merle Moqueur, Paris 2022. 388 pp. Ill. € 23.00.","authors":"B. Pudal","doi":"10.1017/S0020859023000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859023000354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"84 1","pages":"349 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73548688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/s002085902300038x
{"title":"ISH volume 68 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s002085902300038x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002085902300038x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"33 1","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88308081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/S0020859023000287
J. Hart
{"title":"Daniel Agbiboa. They Eat Our Sweat. Transport Labor, Corruption, and Everyday Survival in Urban Nigeria. [Critical Frontiers of Theory, Research, and Policy in International Development Studies.] Oxford University Press, Oxford [etc.] 2022. xi, 266 pp. Ill. Maps. £75.00.","authors":"J. Hart","doi":"10.1017/S0020859023000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859023000287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"78 1","pages":"331 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88526220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1017/s0020859023000329
K. Candlin
{"title":"Karen Cook Bell. Running from Bondage. Enslaved Women and Their Remarkable Fight for Freedom in Revolutionary America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [etc.] 2021. viii, 248 pp. Ill. £18.99. (Paper: £14.99; E-book: $19.95.)","authors":"K. Candlin","doi":"10.1017/s0020859023000329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859023000329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"89 1","pages":"341 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84717753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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