Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2067606
I. Yen, HungChih “Alvin” Yu
Abstract Festivals can utilize positive brand equity to enhance their competitiveness in the market and strengthen their relationships with patrons. As festival brand equity has not been extensively studied, this study was designed to 1) identify components of festival brand equity and 2) explore how festival brand equity influences loyalty by examining the mediation effect of satisfaction. Findings from 493 questionnaires suggest participants’ loyalty is influenced by a second-level brand equity, comprising factors of brand awareness, brand image, and perceived quality. The impact of brand equity on loyalty is partially mediated by satisfaction. Further academic and practical implications will be discussed.
{"title":"How festival brand equity influences loyalty: the mediator effect of satisfaction","authors":"I. Yen, HungChih “Alvin” Yu","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2067606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2067606","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Festivals can utilize positive brand equity to enhance their competitiveness in the market and strengthen their relationships with patrons. As festival brand equity has not been extensively studied, this study was designed to 1) identify components of festival brand equity and 2) explore how festival brand equity influences loyalty by examining the mediation effect of satisfaction. Findings from 493 questionnaires suggest participants’ loyalty is influenced by a second-level brand equity, comprising factors of brand awareness, brand image, and perceived quality. The impact of brand equity on loyalty is partially mediated by satisfaction. Further academic and practical implications will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"343 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59977384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2068718
Eric D. Olson
Abstract The aim of this review is to provide insight into Expo 2020 held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
摘要本综述旨在深入了解在阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜举行的2020年世博会。
{"title":"Expo 2020 Dubai World Expo (October 1, 2021 – March 31, 2022) review","authors":"Eric D. Olson","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2068718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2068718","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this review is to provide insight into Expo 2020 held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"362 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47130563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2068829
C. Tsai, K. Malek, Shinyong Jung, Inna Soifer, J. Mendez, Eric D. Olson
aDepartment of apparel, events, and Hospitality management, College of Human sciences, iowa state university, ames, ia, usa; bHospitality, restaurant, and tourism management, College of education and Human sciences, university of nebraska – lincoln, lincoln, ne, usa; cWhite lodgingJ.W. marriott, Jr. school of Hospitality and tourism management, College of Health and Human sciences, Purdue university, West lafayette, in, usa; drita & navin Dimond Department of Hotel management, school of Hospitality, metropolitan state university of Denver, Denver, Co, usa; eschool of Hospitality leadership, Driehaus College of Business, DePaul university, Chicago, il, usa; f rita & navin Dimond Department of Hotel management, school of Hospitality, metropolitan state university of Denver, Denver, Co, usa
{"title":"Executing large events during COVID: Attendee perspectives and takeaways from PCMA convening leaders","authors":"C. Tsai, K. Malek, Shinyong Jung, Inna Soifer, J. Mendez, Eric D. Olson","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2068829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2068829","url":null,"abstract":"aDepartment of apparel, events, and Hospitality management, College of Human sciences, iowa state university, ames, ia, usa; bHospitality, restaurant, and tourism management, College of education and Human sciences, university of nebraska – lincoln, lincoln, ne, usa; cWhite lodgingJ.W. marriott, Jr. school of Hospitality and tourism management, College of Health and Human sciences, Purdue university, West lafayette, in, usa; drita & navin Dimond Department of Hotel management, school of Hospitality, metropolitan state university of Denver, Denver, Co, usa; eschool of Hospitality leadership, Driehaus College of Business, DePaul university, Chicago, il, usa; f rita & navin Dimond Department of Hotel management, school of Hospitality, metropolitan state university of Denver, Denver, Co, usa","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"179 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41639946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2050331
Xingyi Zhang, E. Jeong, Xiaolong Shao, Eric D. Olson
Abstract Festivals attract diverse visitors to tourism sites and contribute significant solid wastes every year. One way to help customers engage in recycling at tourist attractions is to adopt an effective communication tactic using product transformation salience (PTS). To better understand the influence of PTS, the current study investigated the roles of visitors’ characteristics, such as gender and age, by using PTS messages to promote recycling behavior by presenting moderation models. This study further examined the underlying psychological mechanisms to explain the effect of PTS on recycling intention by proposing a serial mediation model. The results indicated that the effects of PTS on visitors’ feedback toward green messages varied when considering visitors’ age and gender. In particular, women and older attendees perceive the higher green value of recycling and develop higher intentions toward engaging in recycling practices at events. The serial mediation effects of PTS → perceived green value → attitudes → intentions were also confirmed. The findings of this study contribute to the green advertising literature and provide practical suggestions to industry practitioners.
{"title":"The effects of product transformation salience (PTS) on festival visitors’ recycling intentions: Do gender and age matter?","authors":"Xingyi Zhang, E. Jeong, Xiaolong Shao, Eric D. Olson","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2050331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2050331","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Festivals attract diverse visitors to tourism sites and contribute significant solid wastes every year. One way to help customers engage in recycling at tourist attractions is to adopt an effective communication tactic using product transformation salience (PTS). To better understand the influence of PTS, the current study investigated the roles of visitors’ characteristics, such as gender and age, by using PTS messages to promote recycling behavior by presenting moderation models. This study further examined the underlying psychological mechanisms to explain the effect of PTS on recycling intention by proposing a serial mediation model. The results indicated that the effects of PTS on visitors’ feedback toward green messages varied when considering visitors’ age and gender. In particular, women and older attendees perceive the higher green value of recycling and develop higher intentions toward engaging in recycling practices at events. The serial mediation effects of PTS → perceived green value → attitudes → intentions were also confirmed. The findings of this study contribute to the green advertising literature and provide practical suggestions to industry practitioners.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"318 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47642367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2047853
Omar Alananzeh, Ahmad A. Al-Mkhadmeh, Hakam S. Shatnawi, R. Masa’deh
Abstract This study aims at exploring the impact of events on sustainable regional development. To accomplish the aim of the study, the effects of event awareness, community involvement, and destination attributes on locals’ attitudes were measured, and their motivation to encourage and support holding events was evaluated. Data were collected from 277 residents of Aqaba city through utilizing a fit sampling approach. Results of data analyses show that there are positive effects of event awareness, community involvement, and destination attributes on locals’ attitudes to hosting events and motivations. The results indicate that the events are a major factor in sustainable development through involving the community in decision-making and their actual participation in events. This study contributes to determining the importance of activities and the role of the local community in Sustainable Regional Development (SRD).
{"title":"Events as a tool for community involvement and sustainable regional development: the mediating role of motivation on community attitudes","authors":"Omar Alananzeh, Ahmad A. Al-Mkhadmeh, Hakam S. Shatnawi, R. Masa’deh","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2047853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2047853","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims at exploring the impact of events on sustainable regional development. To accomplish the aim of the study, the effects of event awareness, community involvement, and destination attributes on locals’ attitudes were measured, and their motivation to encourage and support holding events was evaluated. Data were collected from 277 residents of Aqaba city through utilizing a fit sampling approach. Results of data analyses show that there are positive effects of event awareness, community involvement, and destination attributes on locals’ attitudes to hosting events and motivations. The results indicate that the events are a major factor in sustainable development through involving the community in decision-making and their actual participation in events. This study contributes to determining the importance of activities and the role of the local community in Sustainable Regional Development (SRD).","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"297 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48389379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2034556
Michaela Alexandra Crowe, Bianca Manners
Abstract Hosting events entails various factors and elements that need to be managed effectively to create and ensure an enjoyable experience for attendees. To ensure that a festival exceed the attendees’ expectations and needs, event-specific research should be conducted, as it is imperative that event managers understand the attendees’ expectations. This can be achieved by gathering feedback from attendees at a festival focusing on the aspects they regard as important, also known as CSFs. Therefore, this study was conducted at the 2018 AfrikaBurn festival hosted in the Tankwa Karoo, South Africa to determine what attendees consider important when attending this festival. A qualitative approach whereby, non-probability convenience sampling was applied, and a semi-structured interview guide was used to obtain the data. A total of 45 interviews were included in the analysis whereby, Creswell’s six steps was used which revealed participants’ profiles and main themes for the CSFs; Important factors for AfrikaBurn and Factors for an improved AfrikaBurn. The findings indicate event-specific CSFs unique to AfrikaBurn and contributes to literature regarding CSFs for managing events and also to the events industry. It is recommended to conduct further research at AfrikaBurn to better understand this unique event’s attendees and also continue researching other events to determine more event-specific CSFs.
{"title":"Bring a tent, food, music and create your own experience: What’s considered as important for AfrikaBurn?","authors":"Michaela Alexandra Crowe, Bianca Manners","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2034556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2034556","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hosting events entails various factors and elements that need to be managed effectively to create and ensure an enjoyable experience for attendees. To ensure that a festival exceed the attendees’ expectations and needs, event-specific research should be conducted, as it is imperative that event managers understand the attendees’ expectations. This can be achieved by gathering feedback from attendees at a festival focusing on the aspects they regard as important, also known as CSFs. Therefore, this study was conducted at the 2018 AfrikaBurn festival hosted in the Tankwa Karoo, South Africa to determine what attendees consider important when attending this festival. A qualitative approach whereby, non-probability convenience sampling was applied, and a semi-structured interview guide was used to obtain the data. A total of 45 interviews were included in the analysis whereby, Creswell’s six steps was used which revealed participants’ profiles and main themes for the CSFs; Important factors for AfrikaBurn and Factors for an improved AfrikaBurn. The findings indicate event-specific CSFs unique to AfrikaBurn and contributes to literature regarding CSFs for managing events and also to the events industry. It is recommended to conduct further research at AfrikaBurn to better understand this unique event’s attendees and also continue researching other events to determine more event-specific CSFs.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"269 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42293490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2034557
Jaruwan Suwannasat, Punthumadee Katawandee, A. Chandrachai, P. Bhattarakosol
Abstract This study examines the determinant factors affecting organizers’ decision-making regarding meeting and convention site selection process. A mixed-methods research technique was employed to identify the important factors pertaining to the selection of meeting venues. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on factors with similar characteristics to identify seven new factor groups and 44 attributes. As a practical contribution, this study recommends that destination policy managers increase meeting destination competitiveness in developing countries with expansive tourism infrastructure, such as Thailand.
{"title":"Site selection determinant factors: An empirical study from meeting and conference organizers’ perspectives","authors":"Jaruwan Suwannasat, Punthumadee Katawandee, A. Chandrachai, P. Bhattarakosol","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2034557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2034557","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines the determinant factors affecting organizers’ decision-making regarding meeting and convention site selection process. A mixed-methods research technique was employed to identify the important factors pertaining to the selection of meeting venues. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on factors with similar characteristics to identify seven new factor groups and 44 attributes. As a practical contribution, this study recommends that destination policy managers increase meeting destination competitiveness in developing countries with expansive tourism infrastructure, such as Thailand.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"209 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48840987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2022.2028455
Bernd Schabbing
ABSTRACT The fight against COVID-19 in Germany up to now has led to the highest financial debts for cities and state governments in the last 30 years. German cities (partly together with federal states) own infrastructures such as fair halls, fairgrounds or international airports; therefore, this is a relevant issue for meetings, conventions, incentives and exhibition (MICE) industries. MICE tourism will recover much slower than general tourism and those debts will even increase during the next years. So, this might lead to the need for change in MICE strategy and infrastructure in some or even many cities. This may also become (or even already is) a risk for Germany’s function and image as one of the top three countries for international MICE tourism, especially for international fairs and conferences – and due to that, this might also lead to international changes. The paper discusses whether German cities should reinvest, change/focus positioning or abandon the MICE market and its infrastructure to become more competitive as well with every city but also as an internationally recognized MICE-country.
{"title":"Current challenges and alignment options for German MICE destinations to increase competitiveness after Corona","authors":"Bernd Schabbing","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2022.2028455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2022.2028455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The fight against COVID-19 in Germany up to now has led to the highest financial debts for cities and state governments in the last 30 years. German cities (partly together with federal states) own infrastructures such as fair halls, fairgrounds or international airports; therefore, this is a relevant issue for meetings, conventions, incentives and exhibition (MICE) industries. MICE tourism will recover much slower than general tourism and those debts will even increase during the next years. So, this might lead to the need for change in MICE strategy and infrastructure in some or even many cities. This may also become (or even already is) a risk for Germany’s function and image as one of the top three countries for international MICE tourism, especially for international fairs and conferences – and due to that, this might also lead to international changes. The paper discusses whether German cities should reinvest, change/focus positioning or abandon the MICE market and its infrastructure to become more competitive as well with every city but also as an internationally recognized MICE-country.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"86 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2021.1988022
Thomas Bauer, Vera Hantel
Abstract Trade show booths are focal points in exhibitors’ trade show marketing, as well as platforms for meeting different target groups, most important new and existing customers. Booth designs thus need to attract trade show attendees’ attention; this study explores which design elements are most effective for doing so. Using eye-tracking technology, it reveals which design elements attract visitors’ visual gaze, using both and comparing a two-dimensional photographic artwork based laboratory study to an actual three-dimensional visual live experience context. The results indicate comparable gaze patterns and relative importance of design elements in both research settings, such that the same design elements attract the most attention in lab and live communication environments. Distraction and sensory overload result in considerably fewer absolute gaze contacts on trade show floors though. Furthermore, the results show that visually outstanding components such as towers, canopies, furniture, or interaction elements compel more attention than wallpaper or screens. This study validates the use of eye-tracking tools in three-dimensional contexts. It also offers managerial recommendations to exhibitors to include visually remarkable elements in their booths and to rely on eye-tracking techniques to evaluate available design options.
{"title":"Built to attract: Evaluating trade show booth designs using attention analysis in a live communication context","authors":"Thomas Bauer, Vera Hantel","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2021.1988022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2021.1988022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trade show booths are focal points in exhibitors’ trade show marketing, as well as platforms for meeting different target groups, most important new and existing customers. Booth designs thus need to attract trade show attendees’ attention; this study explores which design elements are most effective for doing so. Using eye-tracking technology, it reveals which design elements attract visitors’ visual gaze, using both and comparing a two-dimensional photographic artwork based laboratory study to an actual three-dimensional visual live experience context. The results indicate comparable gaze patterns and relative importance of design elements in both research settings, such that the same design elements attract the most attention in lab and live communication environments. Distraction and sensory overload result in considerably fewer absolute gaze contacts on trade show floors though. Furthermore, the results show that visually outstanding components such as towers, canopies, furniture, or interaction elements compel more attention than wallpaper or screens. This study validates the use of eye-tracking tools in three-dimensional contexts. It also offers managerial recommendations to exhibitors to include visually remarkable elements in their booths and to rely on eye-tracking techniques to evaluate available design options.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"240 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41790001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.1080/15470148.2021.1975593
M. Falk, Eva Hagsten
Abstract This study examines factors of importance for the pricing of virtual academic conferences based on information on their quality attributes. Data are based on 76 virtual conferences held or planned to be held in the field of tourism and related fields between April 2020 and December 2021. The distribution of fees is skewed with a median price of US$61 and an average of US$126. One fourth of the conferences is free of charge, although there is a trend toward increased prices the longer the time elapse from the outbreak of the pandemic, ceteris paribus. Count data model estimations show that the conference fee depends on size, academic field, and location of the host. A one-day conference is on average US$60 cheaper than a two-day event while pure tourism conferences are on average US$34 more expensive than those in related fields. Conferences in the United Kingdom have the lowest fees while hybrid format is a factor of specific importance for the pure tourism events. Reputation of the host university and whether the conference is held by an association are aspects of no significance for the fee.
{"title":"The uneven distribution of fees for virtual academic conferences","authors":"M. Falk, Eva Hagsten","doi":"10.1080/15470148.2021.1975593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2021.1975593","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines factors of importance for the pricing of virtual academic conferences based on information on their quality attributes. Data are based on 76 virtual conferences held or planned to be held in the field of tourism and related fields between April 2020 and December 2021. The distribution of fees is skewed with a median price of US$61 and an average of US$126. One fourth of the conferences is free of charge, although there is a trend toward increased prices the longer the time elapse from the outbreak of the pandemic, ceteris paribus. Count data model estimations show that the conference fee depends on size, academic field, and location of the host. A one-day conference is on average US$60 cheaper than a two-day event while pure tourism conferences are on average US$34 more expensive than those in related fields. Conferences in the United Kingdom have the lowest fees while hybrid format is a factor of specific importance for the pure tourism events. Reputation of the host university and whether the conference is held by an association are aspects of no significance for the fee.","PeriodicalId":46268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Convention & Event Tourism","volume":"23 1","pages":"189 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48073201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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