JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION最新文献

Pain and cannabis use are highly prevalent among emerging adults but research regarding how pain is associated with cannabis-related expectancies is limited. Emerging adults who reported past three-month cannabis use (N = 173) were recruited through an online sampling platform. Participants completed the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test - Revised, and Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire. Multiple linear regressions indicated that pain intensity and disability were associated with hazardous cannabis use and expectancies for global negative effects (ps < .001). Sex did not moderate any of these relationships (ps > .14). Findings suggest that emerging adults who experience pain report greater hazardous cannabis use and may expect more negative effects of cannabis use. Researchers and clinicians should consider assessing pain in the context of cannabis studies and interventions.

This study aims to assess whether students at schools implementing Project SUCCESS (PS) have different substance use and mental health outcomes than those at schools not implementing PS. Surveys were administered to 18,151 middle and high school students from 29 school districts and 50 schools. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions controlling for individual- and school-level characteristics were used. Students at schools with PS had lower odds of past month cigarette use, vaping, alcohol use, marijuana use, past year suicide ideation, and had fewer depressive symptoms relative to students at schools without PS. Findings suggest students at schools with PS may be less likely to engage in substance use and less likely to experience mental health challenges than students at schools without PS.

College students are at a heightened risk of experiencing depression and anxiety symptomatology and engaging in maladaptive alcohol use. Understanding how alcohol interventions impact emotional functioning is essential. One such intervention uses Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT), which posits that behavior can be modified using targeted messaging as a function of perceived norms. DRT has been shown to be effective at increasing responsible drinking behaviors and decreasing alcohol-related consequences. However, it is unclear if this intervention influences emotional functioning. The current examines the impact of a DRT intervention on emotional functioning. Participants (n = 147) were recruited from a large Southeastern university. The study included a screening phase, intervention, and six-week follow-up. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a positive message condition about people who drink responsibly, a negative message condition about people who do not drink responsibly, and an active control condition. During the study, all participants reported on depression/anxiety symptoms, alcohol use, responsible drinking, and alcohol-related consequences. Mixed-effects regression was used to analyze the data. Results suggest an overall reduction of depressive and anxiety symptomatology in the intervention conditions but not in the control condition. In the positive condition, there was a decrease in depressive and anxiety symptomatology. The messaging was not moderated by normative beliefs. The negative condition also led to decreases in depression and anxiety symptomatology over time. In addition, perceived norms moderated the negative message in the first week after the intervention, an effect consistent with DRT. Prior research indicates this intervention is efficacious for the reduction of adverse alcohol outcomes; these data show that the intervention may also have positive effects on downstream mental health outcomes.

Alcohol consumption and related problems are common among college students. Prior research links behavioral economic (BE) constructs of alcohol demand and relative reinforcement (RR), and alcohol expectancies, with alcohol consumption/problems. However, research has yet to examine the associations between BE, expectancy theory, and alcohol use outcomes. In this study, college students (n = 287) completed a single online survey assessing demand, RR, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use/problems. We examined the cross-sectional indirect association of expectancies and drinking on the relationship between demand and alcohol problems and between RR and alcohol problems. The final model showed adequate fit, χ²(26) = 67.23, RMSEA = .07, CFI = .95, SRMR = .06. Higher demand and RR were associated with stronger alcohol expectancies, which demonstrated an indirect association on the relationship between demand, and RR, and alcohol problems. Findings suggest that demand and RR may be directly related to alcohol expectancies; a relationship that has not been previously identified. Moreover, alcohol expectancies may impact the associations among demand, RR, and alcohol problems. Thus, alcohol expectancies may be an important intervention target for reducing alcohol problems. Future longitudinal research is needed to evaluate this association over time and assess if these findings have potential impact for intervention research.

This study investigated differences in alcohol protective behavioral strategy (PBSA) use and negative consequences (ARNC) experienced among heavy alcohol users and non-heavy alcohol users, and risky and non-risky drinkers. Participants were from 12 universities in the United States (n = 2,163 college students, M_age= 19.47), predominantly identified as White (74%), and female (68.7%), who completed measures of typical weekly drinking, risky drinking, ARNC, and PBSA use. ANOVAs revealed that the heavy alcohol users and risky drinkers reported significantly fewer total PBSA, subtype strategy use, and greater negative consequences than their counterparts. Harm reduction interventions may benefit from identifying and targeting college students who are engaging in heavy alcohol use and risky drinking regardless of sex.

Provider stigma toward people who have substance use disorders (SUDs) may be a barrier to effective treatment delivery. The purpose of this study was to measure provider stigma among healthcare professionals-in-training and determine whether stigma levels were associated with professional decision making. A sample of 240 participants were recruited from the following academic programs at a large university in the southeastern United States: Nursing, Social Work, Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy, and Psychology. Through an online, anonymous survey, provider stigma and other constructs were measured. The participants were also asked to make two hypothetical professional decisions: one regarding their choice to provide treatment for an SUD patient and the other regarding their likelihood of attending a professional development event (i.e., conference session) on the topic of SUDs. Results showed that self-reported stigma toward patients with SUDs was associated with a reduced likelihood of choosing to provide treatment for a patient with SUD (compared to patients with other conditions) and a reduced likelihood of attending SUD training at an upcoming conference (compared to other conference topics). Results have potential implications for the development of training programs for pre-professional healthcare trainees.

Marijuana use among U.S. college students is the highest since the mid-1980s. Because knowledge about marijuana and confidence in the knowledge are related to changing marijuana laws and marijuana-related messages ubiquitous in college students' information environment, we examined their relationships with use. The Structural Equation Modeling method was used to analyze the relationships using survey responses from 249 college students in an adult-use marijuana legal state. Marijuana health knowledge was related to less use, and law knowledge was related to more use. Both relationships were mediated by perceived risk. Confidence in knowledge was related to more use directly as well as indirectly via lower peer disapproval and lower perceived risk. Among various marijuana message channels, peers were the most influential, contributing to lower health knowledge and higher confidence in knowledge.

Background: Not much is known about funding for and implementation of Person-centered, long-term services - referred to as "recovery services." Methods: SAMSHA funding archives from 2004-2020 were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Results: All 50 states (plus DC and Guam) received about 482 recovery-based grants from 2004-2020 (total from 2004-2020 = $425 million vs. 63.3 ± 29.1 million in total SAMSHA funding per year on average). LCA showed 4 trends: peer focused (Pr(Class) = .09, 95%CI = 0.08, 0.10), treatment focused (Pr(Class) = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.12, 0.18), system focused (Pr(Class) = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.59) and consumer focused (Pr(Class) = 0.19 (0.17, 0.21). Conclusions: Funding for recovery makes up a relatively low percentage of overall funding for substance prevention and treatment. Implications are discussed.