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Is Treatment Readiness Associated With Substance Use Treatment Engagement? An Exploratory Study. 治疗准备是否与药物使用治疗参与有关?探索性研究。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2018-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/0047237918759955
Lincoln B Sloas, Michael S Caudy, Faye S Taxman

With nearly 8.2% of Americans experiencing substance use disorders (SUDs), a need exists for effective SUD treatment and for strategies to assist treatment participants to complete treatment programs (Chandler, Fletcher, & Volkow, 2009). The purpose of the current research is to contribute to an emerging knowledge base about treatment readiness and its utility for predicting substance use treatment process performance measures. The study examines the relative salience of treatment readiness as a predictor of treatment engagement. Data are derived from adult cases included in the 2012 Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Intake data set ( n = 5,443). Binary logistic regression was used to identify if treatment readiness predicts substance use treatment engagement. The findings of this study do not provide support for treatment readiness significantly predicting substance use treatment engagement. Further research is needed to better understand treatment engagement.

近8.2%的美国人患有物质使用障碍(SUD),因此需要有效的SUD治疗以及帮助治疗参与者完成治疗计划的策略(Chandler, Fletcher, & Volkow, 2009)。当前研究的目的是促进一个新兴的知识库关于治疗准备和它的效用预测物质使用治疗过程的性能措施。该研究检验了治疗准备作为治疗参与的预测因子的相对显著性。数据来源于2012年全球个人需求-摄入评估数据集(n = 5443)中的成人病例。使用二元逻辑回归来确定治疗准备是否预测药物使用治疗参与。本研究的结果不支持治疗准备显著预测物质使用治疗参与。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解治疗参与。
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引用次数: 8
Impact of Tobacco Quitlines on Smoking Cessation in Persons With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review. 戒烟线对精神疾病患者戒烟的影响:一项系统综述。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2018-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/0047237918762104
Rhonda Schwindt, Karen Suchanek Hudmon, Mitchell Knisely, Lorie Davis, Caitlin Pike

Persons with mental illness smoke at rates two to four times higher than do persons without mental illness and comprise 30.9% of the U.S. tobacco market. Given the prevalence of mental illness and the known detrimental effects of tobacco, concerted efforts are needed to promote the use of evidence-based treatment options. We conducted a systematic review of studies that examined the impact of tobacco quitline interventions in this population. Results revealed an overall positive impact of cessation services delivered via a tobacco quitline. More research is needed to determine intervention components and patient characteristics that are associated with cessation success.

精神疾病患者的吸烟率比没有精神疾病的人高2到4倍,占美国烟草市场的30.9%。鉴于精神疾病的流行和烟草已知的有害影响,需要协同努力,促进使用循证治疗方案。我们对研究戒烟干预对这一人群影响的研究进行了系统回顾。结果显示,通过戒烟热线提供的戒烟服务总体上具有积极影响。需要更多的研究来确定与戒烟成功相关的干预成分和患者特征。
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引用次数: 11
Let's Get Involved! The Impact of Service Learning on Drinking Perceptions, Alcohol Use, and Protective Behaviors in College Students. 让我们参与进来吧!服务学习对大学生饮酒认知、酒精使用和保护行为的影响。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/0047237917744328
Mark A Flynn, Elizabeth Carter, Clay Craig

While there is mounting support for the efficacy of alcohol-based curriculum infusion (CI) programs, studies have yielded mixed results. Insufficient attention has been given to nuances in the types of CI. Using a two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, this study assessed two forms of CI, information-only (IO) and service learning (SL), on drinking perceptions, drinking behavior, and protective behaviors. When the entire sample was considered, CI significantly improved participants' drinking perceptions and behavior. SL was more effective than IO for one measure of drinking behavior and for protective behaviors. Interestingly, there was a greater decrease in men's drinking behavior and increase in women's protective behaviors in the SL group. This study may help guide health professionals, educators, and faculty members interested in developing alcohol-focused CI programs.

虽然越来越多的人支持以酒精为基础的课程注入(CI)项目的有效性,但研究结果好坏参半。对CI类型的细微差别没有给予足够的重视。采用两组前测后测准实验设计,本研究评估了两种形式的CI,仅信息学习(IO)和服务学习(SL),对饮酒感知、饮酒行为和保护行为的影响。当考虑到整个样本时,CI显着改善了参与者的饮酒认知和行为。在饮酒行为和保护行为方面,SL比IO更有效。有趣的是,在SL组中,男性饮酒行为的减少幅度更大,女性保护行为的增加幅度更大。这项研究可能有助于指导卫生专业人员、教育工作者和教职员工对开发以酒精为重点的CI项目感兴趣。
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引用次数: 2
Interpersonal Contact and Attitudes Toward Adolescents Who Abuse Substances. 人际接触与对青少年滥用药物的态度。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0047237917744330
George B Richardson, LaTrice Montgomery, Michael D Brubaker

Only 7.6% of adolescents in need of substance abuse treatment actually receive it. Many adolescents are hesitant to seek treatment due to public stigma (i.e., negative attitudes and beliefs of the general public toward individuals who abuse substances). However, decades of research indicate that interpersonal contact with stigmatized groups helps reduce stigma. This study used structural equations and data from 638 undergraduate students to test the relationships between students' total interpersonal contact with individuals who abuse substances and their attitudes toward those individuals. We found that total contact did not have significant effects on stigma and was associated with better helping attitudes toward adolescents who abuse alcohol but not marijuana. In addition, African Americans and females endorsed greater stigmatization of adolescents who abuse alcohol but better helping attitudes toward those who had received treatment. Increasing contact with individuals who abuse substances, irrespective of type and valence, may not be widely useful as a way of improving attitudes toward such people.

在需要药物滥用治疗的青少年中,只有7.6%的人真正得到了治疗。由于公众的耻辱感(即公众对滥用药物的个人的消极态度和信念),许多青少年不愿寻求治疗。然而,几十年的研究表明,与被污名化群体的人际交往有助于减少污名化。本研究以638名大学生为研究对象,利用结构方程和数据,检验大学生与滥用药物者的人际接触总量与对滥用药物者的态度之间的关系。我们发现,完全接触对污名化没有显著影响,而且与对滥用酒精而非大麻的青少年更好的帮助态度有关。此外,非裔美国人和女性赞成对滥用酒精的青少年进行更大的侮辱,但对接受治疗的青少年采取更好的帮助态度。增加与滥用药物者的接触,不论其类型和价,作为改善对这些人的态度的一种方式可能不会广泛有用。
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引用次数: 2
Understanding Student Drinking Patterns: Does Shame Proneness Matter? 理解学生饮酒模式:羞耻倾向重要吗?
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0047237917728357
Stephanie Winkeljohn Black, Patrick Pössel, Alyssa Dietz

This study ( N = 202; mean age = 19.52 years, SD = 1.36 years; 66.5% female) analyzed three structural equation models to determine whether ruminative brooding and negative affect, moderated by shame proneness, explained college student drinking behaviors more than a model without shame proneness. Results indicated a model including shame proneness fit the data best; however, the moderated variables were not significantly associated with other variables in the retained model. Results are discussed alongside clinical recommendations within a university counseling center framework.

本研究(N = 202;平均年龄19.52岁,SD = 1.36岁;66.5%女性)分析了三种结构方程模型,以确定反刍沉思和负面情绪是否比没有羞耻倾向的模型更能解释大学生的饮酒行为。结果表明,包含羞耻倾向的模型拟合效果最好;然而,在保留模型中,调节变量与其他变量没有显著相关。结果讨论与临床建议在大学咨询中心框架内。
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引用次数: 1
Polytobacco Use and the "Customization Generation"-New Perspectives for Tobacco Control. 多种烟草使用和“定制一代”——烟草控制的新视角。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/0047237917722771
Kimberly Horn, Jennifer L Pearson, Andrea C Villanti

In recent years, the United States observed a significant uptake in concurrent use of multiple tobacco products and alternative nicotine delivery devices among youth-a phenomenon identified as polytobacco use-making tobacco control efforts more complex for clinicians, policy makers, and scientists, alike.The present commentary stimulates new perspectives on tobacco control in the context of polytobacco use and a youth culture of customization. This culture-based value of today's youth may inform current patterns of tobacco use. More specifically, the authors hypothesize a concept of tobacco customization-the concurrent use of multiple tobacco products to create personalized tobacco experience matching lifestyle, culture, values, and addiction levels. With a range of experiences made possible through an ever-increasing menu of tobacco products, flavors, and novel devices, the current youth culture of customization may also translate to tobacco customization. Given the predominance of polytobacco use in youth-tobacco users, tobacco control initiatives must be challenged to new perspectives. Should we discover the viability of tobacco customization, tobacco use strategies that target cultural values, harness popular trends, and culture and provide customizable experiences may have a notable impact on tobacco use in this population.

近年来,美国观察到年轻人同时使用多种烟草产品和替代尼古丁输送装置的现象显著增加,这一现象被称为多重烟草使用,这使得临床医生、政策制定者和科学家的控烟工作更加复杂。本评论激发了在多种烟草使用和青年定制文化背景下烟草控制的新观点。当今青年的这种基于文化的价值观可能会影响当前的烟草使用模式。更具体地说,作者假设了一个烟草定制的概念——同时使用多种烟草产品来创造个性化的烟草体验,与生活方式、文化、价值观和成瘾程度相匹配。随着不断增加的烟草产品、口味和新设备的菜单使一系列体验成为可能,目前年轻人的定制文化也可能转化为烟草定制。鉴于青少年烟草使用者中多种烟草的使用占主导地位,必须对烟草控制行动提出新的挑战。如果我们发现烟草定制的可行性,针对文化价值观、利用流行趋势和文化并提供可定制体验的烟草使用策略可能会对这一人群的烟草使用产生显著影响。
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引用次数: 8
Alcohol Service Practices: A Survey of Bar and Restaurant Managers. 酒精服务实践:酒吧和餐厅经理调查。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/0047237917724408
Dawn M Nederhoff, Kathleen M Lenk, Keith J Horvath, Toben F Nelson, Alexandra M Ecklund, Darin J Erickson, Traci L Toomey

Excessive alcohol consumption can result from illegal sales to intoxicated patrons at bars and restaurants. We surveyed bar/restaurant managers about their practices in reducing illegal sales to intoxicated patrons. We found that managers were confident that they could refuse service to intoxicated customers but were less likely to have communicated necessary information to their staff on how to refuse such sales. Managers who agreed that a business in their community would be cited for overservice were more likely to be confident that they could handle customers who had been cut off from alcohol service. Our study suggests that bar/restaurant managers may need training to improve their communication with staff and that increased enforcement may lead to an increase in manager confidence in handling intoxicated patrons.

在酒吧和餐馆里,向醉酒的顾客非法销售酒精可能导致过度饮酒。我们调查了酒吧/餐厅经理在减少对醉酒顾客的非法销售方面的做法。我们发现,经理们自信他们可以拒绝为醉酒的顾客提供服务,但不太可能向员工传达必要的信息,告诉他们如何拒绝这种销售。那些同意他们社区内的企业会因为服务过度而被点名的经理,更有可能相信他们可以处理那些被切断酒精服务的顾客。我们的研究表明,酒吧/餐厅经理可能需要培训,以改善他们与员工的沟通,加强执法可能会增加经理在处理醉酒顾客方面的信心。
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引用次数: 2
Perceptions of Harm From Substance Use and Social Self-Efficacy Among Early Adolescents. 青少年早期物质使用危害认知与社会自我效能感。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/0047237917735043
Keith J Zullig, Robert F Valois

Researchers examined the association between perceptions of harm from substance use and social self-efficacy (SSE) in a sample of early adolescents in public middle schools ( n = 4,122). One-way analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to assess the relationships between perceptions of harm from tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use and SSE while controlling for the effects of grade, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Effect sizes were calculated from the post hoc comparisons to estimate practical importance. Results suggest that lower perceptions of harm from each examined substance were significantly associated with lower SSE ( p < .0001). Effect sizes were of medium practical importance. Enhancing SSE in early adolescents may be an effective component of interventions designed to reduce perceptions of harm associated and subsequent substance use.

研究人员在公立中学的早期青少年样本(n = 4122)中检查了物质使用危害感知与社会自我效能(SSE)之间的关系。在控制年级、性别、种族和社会经济地位的影响的同时,采用协方差的单向分析和事后检验来评估烟草、酒精、大麻和可卡因使用的危害感知与SSE之间的关系。从事后比较中计算效应量,以估计实际重要性。结果表明,对每一种被检查物质的危害认知较低与较低的SSE显著相关
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引用次数: 3
Do As I Say, Not As I Do 照我说的做,不要照我做的做
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0047237916659204
Diane E. Logan, N. Mastroleo, M. Wood, Brian Borsari
Little is known about the drinking behaviors and perceptions of the peers facilitating campus alcohol interventions. The current study examined these trajectories in peer counselors (N = 12) providing personalized normative feedback interventions to undergraduates mandated to clinical services. Peer counselors completed four monthly self-assessments. In spite of facilitating interventions to reduce drinking and associated harms, peer drinking behaviors and expectancies did not change, although significant between subjects effects suggest various trajectories. Peer counselors did correct overestimates of binge drinking but progressively underestimated abstinence norms. Despite the lack of change in the peer counselor behaviors, the mandated clients significantly reduced their drinking, suggesting it may be more important to “Do as I Say” rather than as the facilitator does.
对于促进校园酒精干预的同龄人的饮酒行为和看法知之甚少。目前的研究考察了这些轨迹同伴辅导员(N = 12)提供个性化规范反馈干预本科生强制临床服务。同伴辅导员完成了四个月的自我评估。尽管促进干预以减少饮酒和相关危害,同伴饮酒行为和期望没有改变,尽管受试者之间的显著影响表明不同的轨迹。同伴咨询师确实纠正了对酗酒的高估,但逐渐低估了戒断规范。尽管同伴咨询师的行为没有改变,但被授权的客户明显减少了饮酒,这表明“按我说的做”可能比按辅导员做的更重要。
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引用次数: 2
Marijuana: Views on Its Medical Use Recorded at the Slovak Social Network. 大麻:对其医疗用途的看法记录在斯洛伐克社会网络。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2016-06-01 Epub Date: 2016-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/0047237916646442
Branislav Kolena, Ida Petrovičová, Tomáš Trnovec, Tomáš Pilka, Gabriela Bičanová

We describe opinions on medical use of Cannabis sativa L under conditions of Slovakia (n = 717). Personal experience with marijuana was detected in 77.42% (n = 553) in age categories younger than 20 years (n = 96) and in 77.06% (n = 457) of adults. Almost 86% of respondents (n = 618) agreed with legal use of marijuana for medical purposes. Furthermore, respondents' views on legal usage of marijuana for medical purposes could be affected by availability of information (r = .12) and personal experience (r = .23). Negative impact of substance abuse in younger age-groups was recognized as threat (r = .47), but knowledge about harmful effect of marijuana use did not affect personal opinion for decriminalization (r = .38).

我们描述了在斯洛伐克的条件下对医用大麻的看法(n = 717)。20岁以下年龄组(n = 96)中77.42% (n = 553)和成人(n = 457)中77.06% (n = 457)有大麻个人经验。几乎86%的受访者(n = 618)同意出于医疗目的合法使用大麻。此外,受访者对大麻合法用于医疗目的的看法可能受到信息可得性(r = .12)和个人经验(r = .23)的影响。在较年轻的年龄组中,药物滥用的负面影响被认为是一种威胁(r = 0.47),但对大麻使用有害影响的了解并不影响个人对非刑事化的看法(r = 0.38)。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION
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