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Establishing Motivational Profiles to Drink among College Students: Converging Patterns Using Multiple Theories of Alcohol use. 建立大学生饮酒动机档案:利用多种酒精使用理论总结模式。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/00472379241237937
Emily T Noyes, Jared A Davis, Robert C Schlauch

Objective: While college student drinking has been studied utilizing many different theories and approaches, it is unclear how these theories may overlap in their explanation of problematic drinking. Rather than relying on one theory, examining overlap between multiple theories of alcohol use may lead to a better understanding of the motivational process underlying drinking behavior. The current study proposes that the Ambivalence Model of Craving, Behavioral Economics, and Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Theory account for the same underlying anticipatory process and sought to demonstrate this by establishing motivational profiles utilizing constructs within each theory. Methods: A total of 318 college student drinkers completed a series of surveys assessing their drinking behavior and the measures pertaining to each theory (i.e., Approach and Avoidance of Alcohol Questionnaire, Alcohol Purchase Task, Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire). A latent profile analysis was used to establish profiles of motivational tendencies. Results: Results from the latent profile analysis indicated four profiles emerged, three of which were consistent with our hypotheses: approach, avoidance, and indifferent. The fourth motivational profile appeared to represent drinkers with an emerging approach tendency but relatively newer to drinking. The lack of ambivalent profile suggests that avoidant tendencies may develop later in response to an accumulation of experience with drinking. Lastly, these profiles demonstrated expected relationships with drinking behavior. Conclusion: This study is unique in its attempt to highlight similarities between theories. Results provide a useful integration of theories to allow for a more generalized understanding of motivational tendencies that develop in response to drinking experiences.

目的:虽然对大学生饮酒的研究采用了许多不同的理论和方法,但目前还不清楚这些理论在解释问题性饮酒时是如何重叠的。与其依赖一种理论,不如研究多种饮酒理论之间的重叠,从而更好地理解饮酒行为的动机过程。目前的研究提出,渴望的矛盾模型、行为经济学和酒精结果预期理论解释了相同的潜在预期过程,并试图通过利用每种理论中的建构物建立动机轮廓来证明这一点。研究方法共有 318 名大学生饮酒者完成了一系列调查,评估了他们的饮酒行为以及与每种理论相关的测量方法(即接近和回避酒精问卷、酒精购买任务、酒精预期问卷)。采用潜在特征分析建立了动机倾向特征。结果潜特征分析的结果表明出现了四种特征,其中三种与我们的假设相符:接近、回避和漠不关心。第四种动机特征似乎代表了正在出现接近倾向但相对较新的饮酒者。矛盾型动机的缺失表明,回避型动机的形成可能是由于饮酒经验的积累。最后,这些特征显示了与饮酒行为之间的预期关系。结论这项研究的独特之处在于,它试图强调不同理论之间的相似性。研究结果对各种理论进行了有益的整合,使人们对饮酒经历所产生的动机倾向有了更普遍的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Students’ Perceptions on the Effectiveness of a Computer-Delivered Alcohol Intervention 学生对计算机辅助酒精干预效果的看法
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231217834
Pamela H. Taylor, Beverly W. Henry, Steven M. Howell, Thomas J. Smith, Kim Milano, Terence Hodges
Objective: Social adjustment, including alcohol use, directly affects the success of college students. Due to an increased reliance on computer-delivered alcohol interventions (CDIs) a need has emerged to further investigate alcohol use and web-based interventions. Methods: In-depth focus group interviews were conducted with 51 undergraduate students to elicit information from students on the shared experience of participating in a CDI. Results: Participants identified the influence of gender, culture, parents, and family on alcohol use behavior. A difference in personal factors, previous exposure, and experiences can affect the attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes of a CDI. Conclusion: Multiple approaches geared towards a wide variety of students from different backgrounds and environments are needed to be truly successful in preventing alcohol misuse.
目的:包括酒精使用在内的社会适应直接影响大学生的成功。由于越来越依赖于计算机提供的酒精干预措施(cdi),有必要进一步调查酒精使用和基于网络的干预措施。方法:对51名大学生进行深度焦点小组访谈,了解学生参与CDI的共同经历。结果:参与者确定了性别、文化、父母和家庭对酒精使用行为的影响。个人因素、以前的暴露和经历的差异会影响CDI的态度、行为和结果。结论:要真正成功地预防酒精滥用,需要针对来自不同背景和环境的各种各样的学生采取多种方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Sunday Liquor Sales Legalization on Alcohol Policy Attitudes and Alcohol Purchasing Behavior. 周日售酒合法化对酒精政策态度和酒精购买行为的影响。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231217846
Collin Calvert, Rhonda Jones-Webb, Darin Erickson, Kathleen Lenk, Traci Toomey, Toben Nelson

We examined how legalization of Sunday alcohol sales relates to attitudes towards Sunday sales, and how both attitudes and alcohol consumption patterns relate to Sunday alcohol purchasing. A total of 1,384 adults of legal drinking age completed a survey one year post-legalization of Sunday sales. A majority of respondents (51%) were supportive of Sunday sales legalization both before and after legalization. People were more likely to support Sunday sales legalization if they reported binge drinking (PR: 2.19; CI: 1.51 3.18). Following Sunday sales legalization, 59% of participants reported purchasing alcohol in Minnesota on Sunday. Binge drinking (PR: 1.39; CI: 1.27, 1.52) or supporting Sunday sales legalization (PR: 1.85; CI: 1.56, 2.17) were associated with higher likelihood of purchasing alcohol on Sunday. Legalizing Sunday sales may have increased access to alcohol for people with more unhealthy drinking behaviors.

我们研究了周日酒精销售合法化与人们对周日销售的态度之间的关系,以及态度和酒精消费模式与周日酒精购买之间的关系。在周日销售合法化一年后,共有1384名达到合法饮酒年龄的成年人完成了一项调查。大多数受访者(51%)在大麻合法化之前和之后都支持周日销售合法化。如果人们报告酗酒,他们更有可能支持周日销售合法化(PR: 2.19;Ci: 1.51 3.18)。在周日销售合法化之后,59%的参与者报告周日在明尼苏达州购买了酒精。酗酒(PR: 1.39;CI: 1.27, 1.52)或支持周日销售合法化(PR: 1.85;CI: 1.56, 2.17)与周日购买酒精的可能性较高相关。周日销售合法化可能会增加有不健康饮酒行为的人获得酒精的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Dealing with Zeros: Adolescent Drug Use, Perceived Disapproval, and Perceived Harm. 与零打交道:青少年毒品使用、感知到的不认可和感知到的危害》(Adolescent Drug Use, Perceived Disapproval, and Perceived Harm.
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231217820
Robert G LaChausse, Esther Lee, Jessica Ducsay

Because studies examining youth drug use often have data with a high proportion of zeros, they often do not meet the assumptions for univariate or linear regression analyses that are typically used. We demonstrate the use of zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to address excessive zeros in drug use frequency on perceptions of disapproval and perceived harm among middle and high school students (N = 522). We found that perceptions of parent disapproval were a better predictor of marijuana use (p = .01) than peer disapproval. Perceived harm was related to marijuana use (p = .04). Researchers should consider using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models when examining youth drug use.

由于对青少年毒品使用情况的研究通常会有较高比例的零数据,因此这些数据往往不符合通常使用的单变量或线性回归分析的假设条件。我们展示了如何使用零膨胀负二项回归模型来处理吸毒频率中过多的零对初高中学生(N = 522)的不认可感和危害感的影响。我们发现,与同伴的不认可相比,父母的不认可更能预测大麻的使用(p = .01)。感知到的危害与吸食大麻有关(p = .04)。研究人员在研究青少年吸毒时应考虑使用零膨胀负二项回归模型。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Helping Children with Distance Learning During COVID-19 on U.S. Parents' Alcohol Consumption. 新冠肺炎期间帮助儿童远程学习对美国父母饮酒的影响。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231185125
Elyse R Grossman, Susan Sonnenschein

We examined the impact of distance learning-related parental stress due to COVID-19 on parental alcohol consumption using an online survey in May 2020 with a convenience sample of U.S. adults. This article focuses on the 361 parents who had children under the age of 18 living with them. Seventy-eight percent had children who were engaged in distance learning; 59% reported being stressed because they were not sure how to help their children with distance learning. Stressed parents reported consuming significantly more alcohol and binge drinking more often than parents who were not stressed by distance learning. We hope that public health professionals can use our findings to better target alcohol prevention programs aimed at parents to reduce parental stress, and hopefully, parental alcohol consumption.

我们在2020年5月对美国成年人的便利样本进行了一项在线调查,研究了新冠肺炎导致的远程学习相关父母压力对父母饮酒量的影响。这篇文章关注的是361名有18岁以下孩子的父母。78%的儿童从事远程学习;59%的人表示,他们感到压力很大,因为他们不确定如何帮助孩子进行远程学习。有压力的父母报告说,与没有远程学习压力的父母相比,他们饮酒和酗酒的频率明显更高。我们希望公共卫生专业人员能够利用我们的研究结果,更好地针对针对父母的酒精预防计划,以减轻父母的压力,并有望减少父母的饮酒量。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing Underage Drinking Through Visible Home Visits by Law Enforcement: An Efficacy Case Study Over 29 Months. 通过执法部门的可视家访减少未成年人饮酒:29个月的疗效案例研究。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231185126
Michael D George, Harold D Holder, Paul N McKenzie, Barry S Faile, Heather R Mueller

This paper describes the development and impact of an underage drinking reduction program designed and implemented by a South Carolina county sheriff's office with assistance from the county coalition. In December 2017, high school surveys identified family and friends as the alcohol source 82.2% of the time. In Summer 2018, sheriff deputies began visiting with almost all high school seniors, i.e., 1,352 high school senior visits.Deputies reminded parents to not provide alcohol to anyone under 21 years old. School surveys were conducted pre-program (December 2017), during (April 2018 and September 2018) and post-program (April 2020). Comparing the pre-effort results with post surveys found a 22.8% decline in 30-day drinking (p=.01) and a 23.5% decrease in binge drinking (p=.07). As described by Holder et al., the results provide the foundation for replication under controlled research conditions.

本文描述了南卡罗来纳州一个县警长办公室在县联盟的协助下设计和实施的减少未成年人饮酒计划的发展和影响。2017年12月,高中调查显示,82.2%的时间家庭和朋友是酒精来源。2018年夏天,治安官代表开始探访几乎所有的高中生,即1352名高中生。代表们提醒家长不要向21岁以下的人提供酒精饮料。学校调查分别在项目前(2017年12月)、项目期间(2018年4月和2018年9月)和项目后(2020年4月)进行。将努力前的结果与调查后的结果进行比较,发现30天饮酒量下降了22.8%(p=0.01),暴饮量下降了23.5%(p=0.07)。正如Holder等人所描述的,这些结果为在受控研究条件下进行复制奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Bilingual Cigarette Warning Labels: Effects on Young People's Recall and Attention in Lebanon. 双语香烟警告标签:对黎巴嫩年轻人回忆和注意力的影响。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231209313
Reem Jalal Eddine, Nadine Marie Moacdieh

The goal was to determine the effects of bilingual cigarette warning labels on the recall performance and attention of young bilingual Lebanese college students. Forty-eight students were shown English-only, Arabic-only, or bilingual cigarette warning labels in 2020. Participants recalled as many of the labels as they could after the experiment and then two weeks later. Eye tracking was used to determine attention to the label and subjective data were collected. Results showed that bilingual labels did not lead to better recall; participants needed more time to extract data from bilingual labels and first looked at them later in time, although bilingual labels were revisited more. However, participants believed that bilingual labels were better. It appeared that bilingual labels led to clutter rather than helped recall.

目的是确定双语香烟警告标签对黎巴嫩双语年轻大学生回忆表现和注意力的影响。2020年,48名学生被出示了纯英语、纯阿拉伯语或双语香烟警告标签。参与者在实验结束后尽可能多地回忆这些标签,两周后回忆。使用眼动追踪来确定对标签的关注,并收集主观数据。结果表明,双语标签并没有带来更好的回忆;参与者需要更多的时间从双语标签中提取数据,并在以后的时间里首先查看它们,尽管双语标签被重新访问的次数更多。然而,参与者认为双语标签更好。双语标签似乎导致了混乱,而不是帮助回忆。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of the Universal Prevention Curriculum for Schools on Substance Use Among Peruvian Adolescents: A Randomized Trial. 学校通用预防课程对秘鲁青少年药物使用的影响:随机试验
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231185130
Mallie J Paschall, Fernando Salazar Silva, Zili Sloboda, Christopher L Ringwalt, Joel W Grube

This group-randomized trial assessed the effects of a universal prevention training curriculum for school administrators and teachers that focused on effective strategies to prevent adolescent substance use and related problems. Twenty-eight schools in three regions of Peru were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control condition (14 schools per condition). Repeated cross-sectional samples of 11 to 19-year-old students participated in four surveys from May 2018 to November 2019 (N = 24,529). School administrators and teachers at intervention schools participated in a universal prevention training curriculum focusing on the development of a positive school climate as well as effective policies related to school substance use. All intervention and control schools were offered Unplugged, a classroom-based substance use prevention curriculum. Outcome measures included: lifetime drug use; past-year and past-month tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use; awareness of school tobacco and alcohol use policies; perceived enforcement of school policies; school bonding; perceived friends' use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and other drugs; and personal problems in general and problems related to substance use. Multi-level analyses indicated significant reductions in past-year and past-month smoking, friends' substance use, and problems related to substance use and in general at intervention relative to control schools. Significant increases were found in intervention vs. control schools related to students' awareness of school substance use policies, perceived likelihood of getting caught for smoking, and school bonding. These findings suggest that the universal prevention training curriculum and the school policy and climate changes it promoted reduced substance use and related problems in the study population of Peruvian adolescents.

这项分组随机试验评估了针对学校管理人员和教师的普及预防培训课程的效果,该课程侧重于预防青少年使用药物及相关问题的有效策略。秘鲁三个地区的 28 所学校被随机分配到干预或对照条件下(每个条件下有 14 所学校)。2018年5月至2019年11月期间,11至19岁学生的重复横截面样本参与了四次调查(N = 24,529)。干预学校的行政人员和教师参加了普及预防培训课程,重点是营造积极的校园氛围以及与学校药物使用相关的有效政策。所有干预学校和对照学校都开设了 "Unplugged "课程,这是一种基于课堂的药物使用预防课程。结果测量包括:终生使用药物;过去一年和过去一个月使用烟草、酒精、大麻和其他药物的情况;对学校烟草和酒精使用政策的认识;对学校政策执行情况的感知;学校凝聚力;对朋友使用烟草、酒精、大麻和其他药物情况的感知;以及一般个人问题和与药物使用相关的问题。多层次分析表明,与对照学校相比,干预学校在过去一年和过去一个月的吸烟率、朋友使用药物的情况、与使用药物有关的问题以及一般问题方面都有显著减少。干预学校与对照学校相比,在学生对学校药物使用政策的认识、认为吸烟被抓的可能性和学校凝聚力方面都有明显提高。这些研究结果表明,普及预防培训课程及其促进的学校政策和氛围的改变,减少了秘鲁青少年的药物使用和相关问题。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to "Illustrating Caffeine's Pharmacological and Expectancy Effects Utilizing a Balanced Placebo Design". “利用平衡安慰剂设计说明咖啡因的药理学和预期效应”的勘误表。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472379231156716
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Educational Materials About Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Charcoal use on Adult Smokers' Risk Perceptions. 水烟炭危害教育资料对成年吸烟者危险性认知的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472379221138052
Isaac M Lipkus, Caroline O Cobb

A prospective online study, consisting of 203 participants ages 18 and older who smoked waterpipe (hookah) within the last 30 days, examined how brief messaging about harms of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco (shisha) influenced knowledge of toxicants released by using charcoal and perceived harms of using charcoal. Participants were randomized to either a control or to an educational arm that reviewed toxicants released by burning charcoal and the health consequences. Participants in the educational relative to the control arm perceived charcoal as more harmful, were more knowledgeable of toxicants released by burning charcoal, and expressed a stronger desire to quit. Effects were sustained a week later. Brief messages about the harms of burning charcoal were effective and may be used to educate the public about the harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking.

一项前瞻性在线研究包括203名年龄在18岁及以上的参与者,他们在过去30天内吸过水烟(水烟),研究了关于燃烧木炭加热水烟(水烟)危害的简短信息如何影响人们对使用木炭释放的有毒物质的认识以及使用木炭的感知危害。参与者被随机分配到对照组或教育组,该组审查了燃烧木炭释放的有毒物质及其健康后果。与对照组相比,受教育组的参与者认为木炭更有害,对燃烧木炭释放的有毒物质更了解,并表达了更强烈的戒烟愿望。效果持续了一周。关于燃烧木炭的危害的简短信息是有效的,可以用来教育公众关于水烟吸烟的危害。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION
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