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Are E-cigarette Users a Unique Group of Smokers? Latent Class Analysis of the National Youth Tobacco Survey. 电子烟使用者是一个独特的吸烟者群体吗?全国青少年烟草调查的潜在阶层分析。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920980483
Lawrence M Scheier, Martin Komarc

We used data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to examine patterns of cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco use. In light of the recent upsurge in e-cigarette use, we modeled current use and future intentions to use vape products along with combustible cigarette smoking and other tobacco products (i.e., cigars, cigarillos, chew, snuff, and dip). Latent class analyses indicated four discrete classes of smokers including a nominally involved class with very modest levels of tobacco product use, a class blending e-cigarette and cigars, a class of youth who predominantly use combustible cigarettes, and a group reporting indiscriminate use of almost all tobacco products excluding chew. Tests of invariance in item response probabilities and latent class proportions showed little variation across race and gender, albeit a new class of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette users emerged when examined by grade. Members of the heavy smoking and tobacco use class were more likely to be male, White, and older. Predictors of class membership included expectancies (perceived benefits of use), perceived harm (risk), media exposure, tobacco dependence, and the desire to quit. Findings are discussed in terms of characterizing risk among already smoking youth and how actionable prevention measures can be incorporated into existing universal and indicated programs that target reducing tobacco use and smoking behaviors.

我们使用了2014年全国青少年烟草调查的数据来检查吸烟行为和烟草使用的模式。鉴于最近电子烟使用的激增,我们模拟了当前使用情况和未来使用电子烟产品以及可燃香烟和其他烟草产品(即雪茄、小雪茄、咀嚼、鼻烟和蘸烟)的意图。潜在类别分析表明,吸烟者有四种不同的类别,包括名义上参与烟草产品使用水平非常低的类别,混合电子烟和雪茄的类别,主要使用可燃香烟的青少年类别,以及报告不分青红皂白地使用除咀嚼外几乎所有烟草产品的群体。项目反应概率和潜在类别比例的不变性测试显示,种族和性别之间的差异很小,尽管在按年级检查时出现了一个新的可燃香烟和电子烟用户类别。重度吸烟和使用烟草阶层的成员更可能是男性、白人和老年人。班级成员的预测因素包括期望(使用的感知益处),感知伤害(风险),媒体接触,烟草依赖和戒烟的愿望。研究结果讨论了已经吸烟的青少年的风险特征,以及如何将可行的预防措施纳入现有的旨在减少烟草使用和吸烟行为的普遍和指示性规划。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of a Mystery Shopper Intervention to Reduce Sales of Alcohol to Minors in Zacatecas and Guadalupe, Mexico. 墨西哥萨卡特卡斯和瓜达卢佩的神秘购物者干预减少对未成年人销售酒精的评估。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920981776
Mallie J Paschall, Joel W Grube, Ted R Miller, Christopher L Ringwalt, Deborah A Fisher, William DeJong

We report the results of a quasi-experimental evaluation of a mystery shopper intervention in Zacatecas and Guadalupe, Mexico. Underage youth attempted to purchase beer at 50 Modelorama stores and 32 Oxxo stores (intervention groups), and at 19 comparison convenience stores in March, July, and August 2018. After each attempt, intervention store operators were informed if a sale was made. Modelorama operators also received training and were warned that repeated sales to minors could jeopardize their franchise. Average sales rates to minors were 63.8% at Modeloramas, 86.5% at Oxxo stores, and 98.2% at comparison stores. The findings suggest that mystery shopper interventions with training, feedback to store operators, and sanctions after repeated sales to underage youth may reduce sales to minors in low- and middle-income countries.

我们报告的结果在萨卡特卡斯和瓜达卢佩,墨西哥神秘购物者干预的准实验评估。2018年3月、7月和8月,未成年人试图在50家Modelorama门店和32家Oxxo门店(干预组)以及19家比较便利店购买啤酒。每次尝试后,干预商店的经营者都会被告知是否有销售。Modelorama的经营者也接受了培训,并被警告,反复向未成年人销售可能会危及他们的特许经营权。Modeloramas的平均未成年人销售率为63.8%,Oxxo为86.5%,比较店为98.2%。研究结果表明,在低收入和中等收入国家,神秘顾客的干预措施包括培训、对商店经营者的反馈以及对反复向未成年人销售商品后的制裁,可能会减少对未成年人的销售。
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引用次数: 3
Comparison of Pregaming Alcohol Use and Consequences by Season Status and Sex in College Student Athletes. 大学生运动员比赛前酒精使用及其影响的赛季状态和性别比较。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920976658
Callon M Williams, Linda M Reynolds, Nadine R Mastroleo

As student athletes exhibit unique alcohol use patterns based on being in- versus out-of-season and biological sex, we aimed to explore student athlete (N = 442) alcohol use, pregaming behaviors, and associated negative outcomes. Results suggest being out-of-season and male are positively associated with negative alcohol-related consequences, and male athletes report greater numbers of pregame specific alcohol-related consequences than female athletes (p <.05). Female athletes indicated significantly higher estimated blood alcohol concentrations than male athletes on pregaming nights. No differences emerged between in- and out-of-season athletes on pregame consequences. Results suggest that further emphasis on the role season status and sex has on pregaming behaviors and experiencing negative outcomes may be an important next step toward enhancing prevention and intervention approaches.

由于学生运动员表现出基于季节与非季节和生理性别的独特酒精使用模式,我们旨在探索学生运动员(N = 442)的酒精使用,赛前行为和相关的负面结果。结果表明,淡季和男性与负面的酒精相关后果呈正相关,男性运动员比女性运动员报告更多的赛前特定酒精相关后果(p . 0.05)。在赛前的夜晚,女性运动员的血液酒精浓度明显高于男性运动员。赛季和非赛季的运动员在赛前结果上没有差异。结果表明,进一步强调季节状态和性别对游戏前行为和体验负面结果的作用可能是加强预防和干预方法的重要下一步。
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引用次数: 1
The Epidemiology of Recent Alcohol Use Among a National Sample of Middle Eastern College Students. 中东大学生近期饮酒的流行病学研究。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920929328
R Andrew Yockey, Keith A King, Rebecca A Vidourek

Alcohol use among college students is a national health concern. The epidemiology of alcohol use among Middle Eastern college students remains to be investigated. This study sought to understand the epidemiology of recent alcohol use among Middle Eastern college students. We use data from the 2017 to 2018 Healthy Minds Study to identify predictors of recent alcohol use among 1,763 Middle Eastern students nationwide. Weighted univariate analyses were conducted to determine significant predictors of recent alcohol use. Nearly half (45.5%) of Middle Eastern college students reported using alcohol in the past 2 weeks (recent alcohol use). Those at highest risk for recent alcohol use were in their 4th year of schooling (p <.001), living in a fraternity or sorority house (p <.001), and reported that religion was not a big part of their life (p <.001). Students who lived with their parents were less likely to drink alcohol (p <.001). Recent alcohol use among Middle Eastern college students is a national public health concern. Interventions are warranted to decrease this growing public health anomaly and to more effectively deal with this current public health crisis.

大学生饮酒是一个全国性的健康问题。中东大学生饮酒的流行病学仍有待调查。本研究旨在了解中东大学生近期饮酒的流行病学。我们使用2017年至2018年健康心理研究的数据来确定全国1763名中东学生最近饮酒的预测因素。进行加权单变量分析以确定近期饮酒的重要预测因素。近一半(45.5%)的中东大学生报告在过去两周内饮酒(最近饮酒)。最近饮酒风险最高的是那些在学校四年级的学生(p .001),住在兄弟会或姐妹会的房子里(p .001),并报告说宗教不是他们生活的重要组成部分(p .001)。与父母同住的学生不太可能饮酒(p . 001)。最近中东大学生的饮酒问题是一个全国性的公共卫生问题。有必要采取干预措施,以减少这一日益严重的公共卫生异常现象,并更有效地应对当前的公共卫生危机。
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引用次数: 4
Exposure to Violence and Posttreatment Substance Use Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder. 阿片类药物使用障碍患者的暴力暴露和治疗后物质使用
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.1177/0047237919894959
Bethany L Van Brown, Albert Kopak, Norman Hoffmann

Exposure to violence can lead to a dramatic increase in the likelihood of the development of a substance use disorder (SUD). Given the overlap between the two, substance use for survivors of violence, then, can be a coping mechanism to manage the traumatic effects of abuse and persistent use can evolve into a diagnosable SUD. This study was designed to examine the posttreatment substance use among adults who have a history of exposure to violence and sought treatment for opioid use disorder. Data for this study were drawn from the Comprehensive Addiction Treatment Outcome Research system. Among the 13,105 patients included in the study, 444 (3.4%) received a formal diagnosis for opioid use disorder. Female victims of violence are at a greater risk of suffering injuries related to violence, resulting in increased levels of medical care utilization, which may prompt the initiation and prolonged use of prescription pain relief medication. Related to this important finding is another indicating that exposure to violence at multiple points in the past was associated with more severe indicators of substance use. These data show that there is a relationship between exposure to violence, SUDs, and relapse among patients seeking treatment. Not only must patients and treatment providers address these past violent experiences as important psychological factors in recovery, but in the context of opioid use disorder, physical injuries contributing to chronic pain may also trigger persistent substance use.

接触暴力会导致物质使用障碍(SUD)发展的可能性急剧增加。鉴于两者之间的重叠,暴力幸存者的物质使用可能是一种应对机制,可以控制滥用的创伤性影响,持续使用可能演变成可诊断的SUD。本研究旨在调查有暴力暴露史并寻求阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的成年人治疗后物质使用情况。本研究的数据来自综合成瘾治疗结果研究系统。在纳入研究的13105名患者中,444名(3.4%)接受了阿片类药物使用障碍的正式诊断。女性暴力受害者遭受与暴力有关的伤害的风险更大,导致医疗保健的使用率增加,这可能促使开始和长期使用处方止痛药。与这一重要发现相关的另一项发现表明,过去多次接触暴力与更严重的药物使用指标有关。这些数据表明,在寻求治疗的患者中,暴露于暴力、sud和复发之间存在关系。不仅患者和治疗提供者必须将这些过去的暴力经历视为康复中的重要心理因素,而且在阿片类药物使用障碍的背景下,导致慢性疼痛的身体伤害也可能引发持续的物质使用。
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引用次数: 2
Alcohol Availability, Use, and Harms Among Adolescents in Three Mexican Cities. 墨西哥三个城市青少年酒精的可得性、使用和危害
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920929331
Christopher L Ringwalt, Mallie J Paschall, Joel W Grube, Ted R Miller, Kenneth R Warren, Virginia Gidi, Deborah A Fisher, Allison Goldberg

Alcohol remains readily available to youth in most countries. We examined the associations between both the on- and off-premises commercial availability of alcohol to youth and their alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol-related harms. We conducted the study using data from a survey of a sample of 594 students in central Mexico between 12 and 17 years of age in 2016. Both the perceived availability of alcohol and the purchasing of alcohol at an off-premises establishment were positively related to past-30-day alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking, as well as to alcohol-related harms in the past year. Consumption at on-premises establishments was also positively associated with alcohol-related harms. Preventive efforts to reduce the availability of alcohol at off- and on-premises establishments, by such strategies as mystery shopper and responsible beverage service programs, are imperative.

在大多数国家,年轻人仍然很容易买到酒。我们研究了青少年在室内和室外的酒精商业可得性与他们的酒精使用、大量间歇性饮酒和酒精相关危害之间的关系。我们使用2016年对墨西哥中部594名12至17岁学生样本的调查数据进行了这项研究。感知到的酒精供应情况和在办公场所外购买酒精与过去30天的酒精使用和间歇性大量饮酒以及过去一年中与酒精有关的危害呈正相关。在室内场所的消费也与酒精相关的危害呈正相关。通过神秘购物者和负责任的饮料服务计划等策略,采取预防性措施减少店内和店外的酒精供应是势在必行的。
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引用次数: 1
Understanding Relations Among Drinking and Hookup Motives, Consequences, and Depressive Symptoms in College Students. 了解大学生饮酒和勾搭动机、后果和抑郁症状的关系。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920929333
Stephanie Winkeljohn Black, Jesse Owen, Nehemiah Soler, Frank Fincham

In this longitudinal study (N =98), we examined whether drinking for suppression reasons moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and hooking up for self-affirmation reasons and negative hookup consequences. No moderation was found for hooking up for self-affirmation reasons, but the effect for negative hookup consequences approached significance. When drinking for suppression reasons is low, participants with fewer depressive symptoms reported more negative consequences, and participants with more depressive symptoms reported fewer negative consequences 2 months later. Results are discussed within the context of sex education and mental health programming for young adults.

在这项纵向研究中(N = 98),我们检验了出于抑制原因的饮酒是否会缓和抑郁症状与出于自我肯定原因的勾搭以及消极勾搭后果之间的关系。由于自我肯定的原因而约炮没有被调节,但对于消极的约炮结果的影响接近显著。当由于抑制原因饮酒较少时,抑郁症状较少的参与者报告了更多的负面后果,而抑郁症状较多的参与者在2个月后报告了更少的负面后果。结果在性教育和青少年心理健康规划的背景下进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Computerizing NIAAA's Best Practices for Youth Screening and Brief Intervention: A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study of an Automated Alcohol Screening and Intervention Resource Tool. 计算机化NIAAA青年筛查和简短干预的最佳实践:一项自动酒精筛查和干预资源工具的概念验证试点研究。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/0047237919894960
Steven B Carswell, Shannon G Mitchell, Jan Gryczynski, Elizabeth Lertch

This article reports findings from formative research on translating key elements of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and American Academy of Pediatrics Practitioner's Guide for pediatric alcohol misuse to a computerized web- and mobile-compatible format with patient risk screening and tailored decision support content. Five practitioners at an urban primary care center used a prototype computerized version of the NIAAA/American Academy of Pediatrics Practitioner's Guide with 80 adolescent patients during routine health-care visits. Practitioners reported a high level of practitioner and adolescent patient engagement and satisfaction with the prototype. Study findings indicate that computerization of the NIAAA Practitioner's Guide is feasible and well accepted by providers and adolescent patients and could be useful for addressing alcohol misuse in primary care settings.

本文报告了一项形成性研究的结果,该研究将国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所(NIAAA)和美国儿科学会儿科酒精滥用从业者指南的关键要素翻译为计算机化的网络和移动兼容格式,其中包含患者风险筛查和定制决策支持内容。一家城市初级保健中心的五名从业人员对80名青少年患者进行了常规保健访问,他们使用了NIAAA/美国儿科学会从业人员指南的原型计算机化版本。从业人员报告了从业人员和青少年患者对原型的高参与度和满意度。研究结果表明,NIAAA从业者指南的计算机化是可行的,并且被提供者和青少年患者广泛接受,并且可能有助于解决初级保健环境中的酒精滥用问题。
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引用次数: 3
Testing Assumptions of the Categorization Approach to Studying Sports Participation and Alcohol Use. 研究运动参与与酒精使用之分类方法之假设检验。
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-12-01 Epub Date: 2018-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/0047237918818473
Paige Clarke, Tonya Dodge, Miesha Marzell, Rob Turrisi, Kevin Williams
The present study tested whether playing football or lacrosse in high school is associated with more problematic alcohol use during college compared with playing other sports in high school. A sample of undergraduate males (n = 2,940) in their freshmen year who had played sports in high school completed a web-based questionnaire. Results showed that males who played lacrosse or both football and lacrosse in high school engaged in heavier alcohol use in college than males who played football or other sports in high school. In addition, males who played football in high school engaged in heavier alcohol use in college than males who played other high school sports. Thus, not all high school sports place males at equal risk for heavy alcohol use in college.
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引用次数: 0
Impact of a University Alcohol Policy Change on Bystander Responses to Alcohol-Related Medical Emergencies 大学酒精政策变化对旁观者对酒精相关医疗紧急事件反应的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0047237919880949
A. Haas, Nicholas C Welter
Two studies evaluated the implementation of a stricter campus underage drinking policy on service utilization and bystander helping behaviors for alcohol-related medical emergencies. A program evaluation (Study 1) examined campus emergency medical service logs assessing changes in call volume and service utilization, finding a 30% reduction in call volume postpolicy change. Study 2 provided a qualitative data summarizing campus first responder (N = 35) accounts of off-duty alcohol-related emergency calls. Off-duty calls increased postpolicy change and thematic analyses indicated they were (a) motivated by fear of campus sanctions, (b) often yielded delays or failures to contact campus emergency staff, and (c) resulted from student misunderstandings of policy implications for bystander helpers. Findings highlight potential challenges in executing environmental strategies to reduce college drinking.
两项研究评估了更严格的校园未成年人饮酒政策在酒精相关医疗紧急情况下的服务利用和旁观者帮助行为的实施情况。一项项目评估(研究1)检查了校园紧急医疗服务日志,评估了呼叫量和服务利用率的变化,发现政策变化后呼叫量减少了30%。研究2提供了一个定性数据,总结了校园第一反应者(N = 35)下班后与酒精有关的紧急电话。下班电话增加了政策后的变化,主题分析表明,这些电话(a)是出于对校园制裁的恐惧,(b)经常导致延误或未能联系校园应急人员,(c)是由于学生对政策对旁观者助手的影响误解。研究结果突出了在执行减少大学饮酒的环境战略方面的潜在挑战。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION
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