JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION最新文献

Because studies examining youth drug use often have data with a high proportion of zeros, they often do not meet the assumptions for univariate or linear regression analyses that are typically used. We demonstrate the use of zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to address excessive zeros in drug use frequency on perceptions of disapproval and perceived harm among middle and high school students (N = 522). We found that perceptions of parent disapproval were a better predictor of marijuana use (p = .01) than peer disapproval. Perceived harm was related to marijuana use (p = .04). Researchers should consider using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models when examining youth drug use.

We examined the impact of distance learning-related parental stress due to COVID-19 on parental alcohol consumption using an online survey in May 2020 with a convenience sample of U.S. adults. This article focuses on the 361 parents who had children under the age of 18 living with them. Seventy-eight percent had children who were engaged in distance learning; 59% reported being stressed because they were not sure how to help their children with distance learning. Stressed parents reported consuming significantly more alcohol and binge drinking more often than parents who were not stressed by distance learning. We hope that public health professionals can use our findings to better target alcohol prevention programs aimed at parents to reduce parental stress, and hopefully, parental alcohol consumption.

This paper describes the development and impact of an underage drinking reduction program designed and implemented by a South Carolina county sheriff's office with assistance from the county coalition. In December 2017, high school surveys identified family and friends as the alcohol source 82.2% of the time. In Summer 2018, sheriff deputies began visiting with almost all high school seniors, i.e., 1,352 high school senior visits.Deputies reminded parents to not provide alcohol to anyone under 21 years old. School surveys were conducted pre-program (December 2017), during (April 2018 and September 2018) and post-program (April 2020). Comparing the pre-effort results with post surveys found a 22.8% decline in 30-day drinking (p=.01) and a 23.5% decrease in binge drinking (p=.07). As described by Holder et al., the results provide the foundation for replication under controlled research conditions.

The goal was to determine the effects of bilingual cigarette warning labels on the recall performance and attention of young bilingual Lebanese college students. Forty-eight students were shown English-only, Arabic-only, or bilingual cigarette warning labels in 2020. Participants recalled as many of the labels as they could after the experiment and then two weeks later. Eye tracking was used to determine attention to the label and subjective data were collected. Results showed that bilingual labels did not lead to better recall; participants needed more time to extract data from bilingual labels and first looked at them later in time, although bilingual labels were revisited more. However, participants believed that bilingual labels were better. It appeared that bilingual labels led to clutter rather than helped recall.

This group-randomized trial assessed the effects of a universal prevention training curriculum for school administrators and teachers that focused on effective strategies to prevent adolescent substance use and related problems. Twenty-eight schools in three regions of Peru were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control condition (14 schools per condition). Repeated cross-sectional samples of 11 to 19-year-old students participated in four surveys from May 2018 to November 2019 (N = 24,529). School administrators and teachers at intervention schools participated in a universal prevention training curriculum focusing on the development of a positive school climate as well as effective policies related to school substance use. All intervention and control schools were offered Unplugged, a classroom-based substance use prevention curriculum. Outcome measures included: lifetime drug use; past-year and past-month tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use; awareness of school tobacco and alcohol use policies; perceived enforcement of school policies; school bonding; perceived friends' use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and other drugs; and personal problems in general and problems related to substance use. Multi-level analyses indicated significant reductions in past-year and past-month smoking, friends' substance use, and problems related to substance use and in general at intervention relative to control schools. Significant increases were found in intervention vs. control schools related to students' awareness of school substance use policies, perceived likelihood of getting caught for smoking, and school bonding. These findings suggest that the universal prevention training curriculum and the school policy and climate changes it promoted reduced substance use and related problems in the study population of Peruvian adolescents.

A prospective online study, consisting of 203 participants ages 18 and older who smoked waterpipe (hookah) within the last 30 days, examined how brief messaging about harms of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco (shisha) influenced knowledge of toxicants released by using charcoal and perceived harms of using charcoal. Participants were randomized to either a control or to an educational arm that reviewed toxicants released by burning charcoal and the health consequences. Participants in the educational relative to the control arm perceived charcoal as more harmful, were more knowledgeable of toxicants released by burning charcoal, and expressed a stronger desire to quit. Effects were sustained a week later. Brief messages about the harms of burning charcoal were effective and may be used to educate the public about the harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking.

This study sought to examine the effects of substance use and stress-induced cognitive impairment on anxiety and depression among college students. The data for this study came from a sample of 328 undergraduate students from a public university. The subjects in this study completed a 101-item self-administered questionnaire, which was part of a larger study on college stress. This study included not only students who are typically expected to seek help at the counseling centers, but it expanded to include self-reported cases of students who do not have documented problems of substance use or anxiety/depression. To address the main objective of this study, an eight-variable model was developed and tested for each of the two outcome variables: anxiety and depression. The results that emerged from this study show that both substance use and stress-induced cognitive impairment have a positive and a statistically significant effect on anxiety and depression in college students.

Background: Feelings of guilt are common in adulthood. Depending on the situation, individuals need different strategies for dealing with these usually unpleasant experiences. The aim of this study was to provide comprehensive empirical information about such different guilt-related strategies used in adulthood.

Participants and procedure: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted (05/2019-04/2020) collecting autobiographical information on guilt experiences. Stated strategies for dealing with feelings of guilt were classified into inductively defined categories, and the frequency of the categorized strategies was calculated (total, gender-, age-specific). Associations between applied strategies and gender and age were analyzed using Cramér's φ and V as appropriate.

Results: Analyzing statements of 579 participants (18-84 years), we differentiated 34 different categories of guilt-related strategies. The most frequently used strategies were "Self-reflection; contemplation; analyzing/reviewing things one feels guilty about" and "Repressing/ignoring/(actively) forgetting/not thinking about/bottling up the feelings of guilt". Female and male participants showed a significantly different use only in the strategy of utilizing "Professional support/therapy/counseling" (10.57% vs. 3.67%; Cramér's φ = .13, p = .001). Additionally, only a few differences were found with regard to age.

Conclusions: Adults use a broad variety of different strategies for dealing with feelings of guilt. Strategies regulating emotional responses to the problem causing feelings of guilt seem to be at least as important as strategies targeting the problem itself. Many strategies do not serve pro-social functions. Feelings of guilt are an issue relevant for mental health care since several of the adults with feelings of guilt utilize professional help, and an even higher number may need such help.

American Indian Alaska Native (AIAN) youth have disproportionately higher rates of commercial tobacco product use compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. These rates underscore a need for commercial tobacco product cessation interventions that are culturally informed. This project studied the development, implementation, and some impact data of an adapted version of Project EX, an evidence-based intervention for teen smoking cessation. Implementation challenges resulted in a change from a three-arm to a single-arm trial with 37 AIAN youth who participated in an eight-week curriculum. Intent-to-treat analysis with biochemical validation results indicated that 32% (N = 12/37) of youth quit smoking at the three-month follow-up. Participants reported being satisfied with the program overall and enjoying the culturally adapted activities. This study detailed the program's adaptation and lessons learned during implementation.