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Front and Back Covers, Volume 39, Number 6. December 2023 封面和封底,第 39 卷第 6 期。2023 年 12 月
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12721
<p>Front and back cover caption, volume 39 issue 6</p><p>CHILDREN'S CHRISTMAS POWER</p><p>The jolly figure of Santa Claus, tankard in hand as he rests his feet atop a sack of toys, invites us to ponder the mystery behind this iconic Christmas emblem. Who is the real Santa, and what is his relationship to adults and children during the holiday season? This image of Santa on the cover of Puck magazine's 1896 Christmas edition alludes to the complex web of secrecy and revelation that enables Santa to materialize each year.</p><p>As Martí Torra Merín explores in the accompanying article, Santa Claus and other Christmas figures occupy a unique position in contemporary Western cultures. Their ‘existence’ relies upon the innocence projected onto children, who serve as conduits to the magical realm. Yet children's agency in navigating this process has been overlooked. Through an ethnographic study in Catalonia, the article reveals that even young children detect inconsistencies in Santa's portrayal, and older children may feign ignorance of the ‘secret’ to prolong the magic.</p><p>Far from fragile, children's awareness empowers their agency. Their liminal position, privy to the ‘public secret’ that adults both disbelieve in Santa and expect children's innocence, allows for clever navigation of cultural expectations. Like Puck's impish character, children toe the line between innocence and cunning. Ultimately, the article argues, recognizing children's agency is key to understanding how Santa materializes each Christmas through intricate social performances between adults and youth. This image encapsulates that interplay, with Santa as the symbolic connector between magical worlds and everyday realities.</p><p>SEX AND GENDER ARE INSEPARABLE</p><p>This back cover image* visually embodies the guest editorial's exploration of how the complex interplay between sex and gender defies conventional binary perceptions.</p><p>The left circle, ‘sex’, includes the biological aspects of our being, encompassing our evolved physical attributes, biomaterial processes and bodily characteristics that are often, albeit incorrectly, assumed to be fixed and immutable. It acknowledges biomateriality as a dynamic process more than a static ‘thing’.</p><p>The right circle, ‘gender’, encapsulates the roles, behaviours and identities shaped through socialization within various social groups and cultural constructs. It signifies the fluid and dynamic nature of how we express and identify ourselves in society, which is not necessarily aligned with biological sex.</p><p>At the intersection of these two spheres lies the ‘gender/sex’ overlap, a space that acknowledges the co-construction of hormones and behaviour. This area represents the ongoing interplay and feedback loops between our biological traits and the social roles we embody. It is a recognition that hormones can influence behaviours that society reads as gendered and, conversely, that our social experiences and behaviours ca
第 39 卷第 6 期封面和封底标题《儿童的圣诞力量》圣诞老人手持酒罐,脚踏一袋玩具,欢乐的形象引人深思这一标志性圣诞徽章背后的奥秘。谁是真正的圣诞老人,他与节日期间的大人和孩子们又有什么关系?正如马丁-托拉-梅林(Martí Torra Merín)在所附文章中探讨的那样,圣诞老人和其他圣诞形象在当代西方文化中占据着独特的地位。他们的 "存在 "依赖于儿童的天真无邪,而儿童则是通往魔法世界的通道。然而,儿童在这一过程中的作用却被忽视了。通过对加泰罗尼亚地区的人种学研究,文章揭示了即使是年幼的儿童也能发现圣诞老人形象中的不一致之处,而年长的儿童可能会假装不知道 "秘密",以延长魔法的时间。他们处于边缘地位,知道 "公开的秘密",即成人既不相信圣诞老人,又期望儿童天真无邪,这使得他们能够巧妙地驾驭文化期望。就像帕克(Puck)扮演的奸诈角色一样,儿童在天真与狡猾之间游走。文章认为,归根结底,认识到儿童的能动性是理解圣诞老人如何通过成人和青少年之间错综复杂的社会表演在每个圣诞节具体化的关键。左侧圆圈中的 "性 "包括我们存在的生物方面,包括我们进化的身体属性、生物物质过程和身体特征,这些通常被认为是固定不变的,尽管这种观点是错误的。右边的圆圈 "性别 "概括了在各种社会群体和文化建构中通过社会化形成的角色、行为和身份。右边的圆圈 "性别 "概括了在各种社会群体和文化建构中通过社会化形成的角色、行为和身份,它标志着我们在社会中如何表达和自我认同的流动性和动态性,而这并不一定与生理性别一致。在这两个圆圈的交汇处,是 "性别/性 "的重叠,这是一个承认荷尔蒙和行为共同构建的空间。这一领域代表了我们的生物特征与我们所体现的社会角色之间持续不断的相互作用和反馈回路。我们认识到,荷尔蒙会影响被社会视为性别的行为,反之,我们的社会经历和行为也会影响我们的生物功能,如荷尔蒙水平。这幅图有力地体现了人类身份的生物社会性质,即生物和社会影响密不可分并不断互动,形成了一个多样性的光谱,打破了简单化的双模模式。这幅图强调了特约社论的信息,主张对人类身份进行细致入微的理解,尊重并反映我们生活中的复杂现实:S. van Anders 2022.性别/性/性多样性与生物行为研究》。性取向和性别多样性心理学》。提前在线出版。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnographic responsibility: Replies to Herzfeld (AT 39[3]) 人种学的责任:回复赫茨菲尔德(AT 39[3])
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12853
Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner
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引用次数: 0
On the ambiguity of psychedelic awe in China 中国迷幻敬畏的模糊性
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12849
Alex K. Gearin

Psychology research frequently portrays the epistemic emotion of wonder as an intrinsic good. However, anthropologists highlight that social contexts shape its ambiguous political and moral potential. This concise article explores the awe-inspiring DMT experience of a Chinese psychedelic user, which involves a humiliating encounter with a cosmic surveillance state. Analogous to the mood of wonder, the ambiguity inherent to psychedelic states originates from an existential vulnerability. This openness facilitates a wide range of potential social, moral, and psychological projects.

心理学研究经常把 "惊奇 "这种认识论情感描绘成一种内在的善。然而,人类学家强调,社会环境塑造了其模棱两可的政治和道德潜能。这篇简明扼要的文章探讨了一位中国迷幻药使用者令人敬畏的 DMT 体验,其中包括与宇宙监控国家的屈辱遭遇。与惊奇的情绪类似,迷幻状态固有的模糊性源自存在的脆弱性。这种开放性为各种潜在的社会、道德和心理项目提供了便利。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence and extinction: The possibility of another hominin sharing our planet 证据与灭绝另一种人类共享我们星球的可能性
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12850
Gregory Forth

This article explores the possibility that Homo sapiens may not be the only surviving species of the Homo genus. The study is sparked by the discovery of Homo floresiensis, a small-bodied hominin found in Indonesia, and its resemblance to ‘ape-men’ described by local people on Flores Island. Through extensive ethnographic research in the Lio region of Flores, the author finds that local accounts of these ‘ape-men’ pre-date scientific discovery and closely align with it. The article challenges the scientific community's scepticism towards local folklore as credible evidence, citing instances where local knowledge has historically preceded scientific discovery. The author argues that the most straightforward explanation for the convergence of local accounts and fossil evidence is the continued existence of a species closely related to Homo floresiensis. The study calls for re-evaluating what constitutes evidence and opens the possibility that we may not be the only surviving hominins.

这篇文章探讨了智人可能不是智人属中唯一幸存的物种的可能性。这项研究的起因是在印度尼西亚发现的小体型智人 Floresiensis,以及它与弗洛勒斯岛当地人描述的 "猿人 "的相似之处。通过在弗洛勒斯岛的利奥地区进行广泛的人种学研究,作者发现当地人对这些 "猿人 "的描述早于科学发现,而且与科学发现非常吻合。文章列举了历史上当地知识先于科学发现的例子,对科学界将当地民间传说作为可信证据的怀疑态度提出了质疑。作者认为,当地人的说法与化石证据相吻合的最直接解释是,与浮游智人密切相关的物种继续存在。该研究呼吁重新评估什么是证据,并提出了我们可能不是唯一幸存的类人猿的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnographic responsibility: Replies to Herzfeld (AT 39[3]) 人种学的责任:回复赫茨菲尔德(AT 39[3])
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12855
Marek Jakoubek, Lenka J. Budilová
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引用次数: 0
Re-tribalization in the 21st century, part 2 21 世纪的再部落化,第 2 部分
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12846
Akbar Ahmed, Frankie Martin, Amineh Ahmed Hoti

Part 2 of this article examines the resurgence of tribal identities in modern societies, a process termed re-tribalization, as a response to the failures of the modern state. It challenges the linear progression of societal evolution, suggesting that declining modernity prompts a return to primordial, tribal values for security and identity. The authors critique the state's unmet promises, leading to a re-embrace of tribal loyalty and community. They also discuss the role of media, politics, and AI in reinforcing tribal divisions, with AI potentially exacerbating societal cleavages. The article calls for an understanding of tribalism's role in society and advocates for the inclusion of the ‘Other’ to foster peaceful coexistence, setting the stage for their forthcoming book on inter-community harmony.

本文第二部分探讨了现代社会中部落认同的复苏,这一过程被称为 "再部落化",是对现代国家失败的回应。文章挑战了社会进化的线性进程,认为衰落的现代性促使人们为了安全和身份认同而回归原始的部落价值观。作者批判了国家未兑现的承诺,导致人们重新拥抱部落忠诚和社区。他们还讨论了媒体、政治和人工智能在强化部落分裂中的作用,人工智能可能会加剧社会分裂。文章呼吁人们理解部落主义在社会中的作用,并倡导包容 "他者",以促进和平共处,为他们即将出版的关于族群间和谐的书籍奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnographic responsibility: Replies to Herzfeld (AT 39[3]) 人种学的责任:回复赫茨菲尔德(AT 39[3])
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12854
Thomas Thiemeyer
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引用次数: 0
Ethnographic responsibility: Replies to Herzfeld (AT 39[3]) 人种学的责任:回复赫茨菲尔德(AT 39[3])
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12852
Alexandra Halkias
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引用次数: 0
The hidden power of children in Christmas traditions: Unveiling the role of secrecy and agency 圣诞节传统中隐藏的儿童力量:揭示秘密和代理的作用
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12845
Martí Torra-Merin

The standard narrative surrounding Christmas figures like Santa Claus and the Three Wise Men often portrays children as passive recipients of adult-orchestrated illusions. This perspective overlooks the active role that children play in sustaining these traditions. Drawing on a study conducted in Catalonia, Spain, and existing literature, this article challenges the conventional wisdom by using the lens of secrecy theory to explore how children exercise their agency. It argues that children are not just passive actors but essential participants whose understanding of secrecy contributes to the perpetuation of these cultural figures.

围绕圣诞老人和三智者等圣诞人物的标准叙事往往将儿童描绘成成人精心策划的幻象的被动接受者。这种观点忽视了儿童在维持这些传统中扮演的积极角色。本文利用在西班牙加泰罗尼亚进行的一项研究和现有文献,从保密理论的角度探讨了儿童如何行使其代理权,从而对传统观点提出了挑战。文章认为,儿童不仅是被动的行动者,而且是重要的参与者,他们对保密的理解有助于这些文化人物的延续。
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引用次数: 0
An anthropology of impossible futures 不可能的未来的人类学
IF 1.3 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12834
Mark Goodale

This guest editorial explores the intricate relationship between anthropology and the concept of impossible futures, focusing on the global push towards electric vehicles (EVs) and the lithium energy assemblage. Drawing inspiration from a lecture by palaeobiologist Mark Williams, a member of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG), the author reflects on the Anthropocene epoch and the human-caused transformations of the earth. It examines the European Green Deal's impact on the automotive industry, the global struggle for lithium and the paradoxes of green technology investments. It questions the feasibility of the envisioned future, emphasizing the contradictions within global capitalism and the potential futility of climate change mitigation efforts. The author calls for a reorientation in anthropological research, focusing on novel forms of unity, solidarity, justice and interspecies bonds in the face of seemingly impossible conditions. It concludes with a contemplation of anthropology's role in translating and understanding social life in the context of unattainable futures without losing sight of the discipline's contested past and inherent hope.

这篇客座社论探讨了人类学和不可能的未来概念之间的复杂关系,重点关注全球对电动汽车和锂能源组合的推动。作者从人类世工作组(AWG)成员、古生物学家马克·威廉姆斯的演讲中汲取灵感,反思了人类世时代和人类造成的地球变化。它考察了欧洲绿色协议对汽车行业的影响、全球锂的争夺以及绿色技术投资的悖论。它质疑所设想的未来的可行性,强调全球资本主义内部的矛盾以及缓解气候变化努力的潜在徒劳。作者呼吁重新定位人类学研究,在看似不可能的条件下,关注新形式的团结、团结、正义和种间纽带。最后,它思考了人类学在翻译和理解无法实现的未来背景下的社会生活方面的作用,同时又不忽视该学科有争议的过去和固有的希望。
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Anthropology Today
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