Journal of Optometry最新文献

Analysis of patient referrals from primary care to ophthalmology. The role of the optometrist 分析从初级保健到眼科的病人转诊情况。验光师的作用

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100521

Purpose

The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of primary care referrals of patients to ophthalmology at the Virgen Macarena Hospital in Seville. This will enable us to optimize ophthalmologic resources and to evaluate the role of the optometrist in improving referrals.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional review of 220 ophthalmology consultations referred from primary care to the hospital from March to May 2022.

The following data were extracted: age, sex, reason for consultation, diagnosis, priority level, whether it was an initial consultation or a follow-up visit, whether there was a secondary referral and whether the referral was appropriate. Excel (version 2312) was used for the data analysis.

Results

The age range of the patients was from 3 years to 91 years. The patients were 41.8 % male and 58.2 % female. The conditions found were grouped as follows: cataracts (27.27 %), refractive errors (20.9 %), anterior segment disease (18.8 %), posterior segment disease (14.07 %), normal examination (18.63 %) and others (0.9 %). The most common reason for consultation was blurred vision or loss of vision (43.63 %). In total, 41.36 % of the consultations were considered inappropriate. The age group requiring the highest number of consultations was over 65 years (38.64 %).

Conclusions

With 41.36 percent of referrals deemed unnecessary, it is clear that referrals can be improved. This would reduce strain on the ophthalmology service and improve patient care. The importance of the optometrist in primary care is demonstrated by the fact that 20.9 % of the diagnoses were refractive errors.

目的本研究旨在了解塞维利亚 Virgen Macarena 医院眼科转诊患者的初级保健质量。我们提取了以下数据：年龄、性别、就诊原因、诊断、优先级别、是初诊还是复诊、是否有二次转诊以及转诊是否适当。数据分析使用 Excel（2312 版）。男性占 41.8%，女性占 58.2%。发现的疾病分为以下几类：白内障（27.27%）、屈光不正（20.9%）、前节疾病（18.8%）、后节疾病（14.07%）、正常检查（18.63%）和其他（0.9%）。最常见的就诊原因是视力模糊或视力下降（43.63%）。总共有 41.36% 的咨询被认为是不适当的。需要就诊人数最多的年龄组是 65 岁以上（38.64%）。这将减轻眼科服务的压力，改善对患者的护理。20.9%的诊断结果为屈光不正，这说明了验光师在初级保健中的重要性。

{"title":"Analysis of patient referrals from primary care to ophthalmology. The role of the optometrist","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of primary care referrals of patients to ophthalmology at the Virgen Macarena Hospital in Seville. This will enable us to optimize ophthalmologic resources and to evaluate the role of the optometrist in improving referrals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a retrospective cross-sectional review of 220 ophthalmology consultations referred from primary care to the hospital from March to May 2022.</div><div>The following data were extracted: age, sex, reason for consultation, diagnosis, priority level, whether it was an initial consultation or a follow-up visit, whether there was a secondary referral and whether the referral was appropriate. Excel (version 2312) was used for the data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The age range of the patients was from 3 years to 91 years. The patients were 41.8 % male and 58.2 % female. The conditions found were grouped as follows: cataracts (27.27 %), refractive errors (20.9 %), anterior segment disease (18.8 %), posterior segment disease (14.07 %), normal examination (18.63 %) and others (0.9 %). The most common reason for consultation was blurred vision or loss of vision (43.63 %). In total, 41.36 % of the consultations were considered inappropriate. The age group requiring the highest number of consultations was over 65 years (38.64 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>With 41.36 percent of referrals deemed unnecessary, it is clear that referrals can be improved. This would reduce strain on the ophthalmology service and improve patient care. The importance of the optometrist in primary care is demonstrated by the fact that 20.9 % of the diagnoses were refractive errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corneal higher-order aberrations in different types of irregular cornea 不同类型不规则角膜的角膜高阶像差

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100522

Objetive

To assess differences in corneal higher-order aberrations (i.e., HOAs) between six different types of irregular corneas (i.e, keratoconus (KC), keratoglobus (KG), pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), penetrating keratoplasty (PK), and intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS)).

Methods

Corneal aberration data from the 3^rd and 4^th order together with secondary vertical and horizontal coma, and secondary spherical aberration were retrospectively retrieved from a corneal tomographer and compared between irregular cornea types and for 3-, 5-, and 7-mm pupil diameters.

Results

Significant differences were observed in vertical coma, oblique trefoil, secondary oblique astigmatism, primary spherical, and secondary spherical between irregular cornea types across all three pupil sizes (all p≤0.025). Vertical coma consistently exhibited the greatest magnitude of HOA across all irregular cornea types and pupil diameters. For the larger pupil diameters (5 and 7 mm), the 3rd order aberrations (mainly coma-like), the 4th order aberrations (mainly spherical-like), and total HOA RMS were significantly lower in the LASIK group compared to all other irregular cornea types (all p≤0.003). Additionally, at pupil sizes of 5 and 7 mm, the 3rd, 4th, coma-like, spherical-like, and total HOA RMS were significantly lower in KC compared to the ICRS and PK groups (all p≤0.01). Furthermore, the 4th, spherical-like, and total HOA RMS were significantly lower in KC compared to KG at pupil diameters of 3 and 7 mm, 5 and 7 mm, and 7 mm, respectively (all p≤0.03).

Conclusions

Vertical coma was the most elevated HOA across all irregular cornea types and pupil diameters. Corneal aberrations were lower in LASIK and KC, and higher in KG and PK.

目标评估六种不同类型的不规则角膜（即角膜屈光不正（KC）、角膜球体（KG）、透明边缘变性（PMD）、激光治疗角膜病变）之间角膜高阶像差（即HOA）之间的差异。六种不同类型的不规则角膜（即角膜炎（KC）、角膜浑浊（KG）、透明边缘变性（PMD）、激光辅助原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）、穿透性角膜成形术（PK）和基质内角膜环段（ICRS））。方法从角膜断层摄影机中回顾性地检索了第 3 阶和第 4 阶角膜像差数据，以及次级垂直和水平昏迷和次级球面像差数据，并对不同类型的不规则角膜以及 3 毫米、5 毫米和 7 毫米瞳孔直径的角膜像差进行了比较。在所有不规则角膜类型和瞳孔直径中，垂直彗星的 HOA 值最大。对于较大的瞳孔直径（5 毫米和 7 毫米），与所有其他不规则角膜类型相比，LASIK 组的三阶像差（主要是昏迷）、四阶像差（主要是球面像差）和总 HOA RMS 明显较低（所有 p 均小于 0.003）。此外，在瞳孔大小为 5 毫米和 7 毫米时，与 ICRS 组和 PK 组相比，KC 组的第 3、第 4、昏迷样、球面样和总 HOA RMS 都明显较低（均 p≤0.01）。此外，在瞳孔直径分别为 3 和 7 毫米、5 和 7 毫米以及 7 毫米时，KC 组的第 4 次、球面样和总 HOA RMS 明显低于 KG 组（均 p≤0.03）。LASIK和KC的角膜像差较低，而KG和PK的角膜像差较高。

{"title":"Corneal higher-order aberrations in different types of irregular cornea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objetive</h3><div>To assess differences in corneal higher-order aberrations (i.e., HOAs) between six different types of irregular corneas (i.e, keratoconus (KC), keratoglobus (KG), pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), penetrating keratoplasty (PK), and intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS)).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Corneal aberration data from the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> order together with secondary vertical and horizontal coma, and secondary spherical aberration were retrospectively retrieved from a corneal tomographer and compared between irregular cornea types and for 3-, 5-, and 7-mm pupil diameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were observed in vertical coma, oblique trefoil, secondary oblique astigmatism, primary spherical, and secondary spherical between irregular cornea types across all three pupil sizes (all p≤0.025). Vertical coma consistently exhibited the greatest magnitude of HOA across all irregular cornea types and pupil diameters. For the larger pupil diameters (5 and 7 mm), the 3rd order aberrations (mainly coma-like), the 4th order aberrations (mainly spherical-like), and total HOA RMS were significantly lower in the LASIK group compared to all other irregular cornea types (all p≤0.003). Additionally, at pupil sizes of 5 and 7 mm, the 3rd, 4th, coma-like, spherical-like, and total HOA RMS were significantly lower in KC compared to the ICRS and PK groups (all p≤0.01). Furthermore, the 4th, spherical-like, and total HOA RMS were significantly lower in KC compared to KG at pupil diameters of 3 and 7 mm, 5 and 7 mm, and 7 mm, respectively (all p≤0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vertical coma was the most elevated HOA across all irregular cornea types and pupil diameters. Corneal aberrations were lower in LASIK and KC, and higher in KG and PK.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429624000104/pdfft?md5=01a0535522c52aaec155dab0857ec429&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429624000104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intraocular pressure and its association with ocular biometrics in Iranian children 伊朗儿童的眼压及其与眼部生物测量的关系

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100523

Purpose

To determine the mean value and normative distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in children and their association with demographic and ocular biometrics.

Methods

Cluster sampling was done to select the students in urban areas of Shahroud, northeast Iran, while all students living in rural areas were selected. IOP was measured in mmHg using a non-contact tonometer, along with corneal and retinal imaging and ocular biometric measurement.

Results

After applying the exclusion criteria, 9154 eyes of 4580 students were analyzed, of whom 2377 (51.9 %) were boys. The mean age of the participants was 12.35±1.73 years (range: 9–15 years). The mean IOP was 15.58±2.83 (15.47–15.69) in total, 15.31±2.77 (15.17–15.46) in boys, and 15.88±2.86 (15.73–16.03) in girls (p < 0.001). The mean IOP was 15.07 and 15.49 in students aged 9 and 15 years, respectively. The mean IOP was 15.7 ± 2.64 (15.58–15.81) in urban and 14.52±4.05 (14.27–14.77) in rural students (p < 0.001). In the multiple generalized estimating equation model, IOP had a positive association with female sex (β=0.84, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (β=0.02, P < 0.001), cup volume (β=0.99, P < 0.001), corneal thickness (β=0.04, P < 0.001) and anterior chamber volume (β=0.007, P < 0.001) and a negative association with living in the rural area (β=−0.65, P < 0.001), rim area (β=−0.39, P < 0.001), and corneal diameter (β=−0.18, P = 0.045). Furthermore, individuals with myopia exhibited a significantly higher IOP (β=0.35, P < 0.001) compared to those with emmetropia.

Conclusion

This study showed the normative distribution of IOP and its associated factors in children. The results can be used in diagnosis and management of glaucoma.

目的确定儿童眼压（IOP）的平均值和标准分布，以及它们与人口统计学和眼部生物统计学的关系。方法在伊朗东北部沙赫鲁德（Shahroud）的城市地区进行分组抽样，同时选择所有居住在农村地区的学生。使用非接触式眼压计以毫米汞柱为单位测量眼压，同时进行角膜和视网膜成像以及眼部生物特征测量。结果在应用排除标准后，对 4580 名学生的 9154 只眼睛进行了分析，其中 2377 名（51.9%）为男生。参与者的平均年龄为（12.35±1.73）岁（9-15 岁）。总平均眼压为（15.58±2.83）（15.47-15.69），男生为（15.31±2.77）（15.17-15.46），女生为（15.88±2.86）（15.73-16.03）（P <0.001）。9 岁和 15 岁学生的平均眼压分别为 15.07 和 15.49。城市学生的平均眼压为 15.7 ± 2.64（15.58-15.81），农村学生的平均眼压为 14.52 ± 4.05（14.27-14.77）（p < 0.001）。在多元广义估计方程模型中，眼压与女性性别（β=0.84，P <0.001）、收缩压（β=0.02，P <0.001）、杯容积（β=0.99，P <0.001）、角膜厚度（β=0.04，P <；0.001）和前房容积（β=0.007，P <；0.001）呈负相关，与居住在农村地区（β=-0.65，P <；0.001）、边缘面积（β=-0.39，P <；0.001）和角膜直径（β=-0.18，P = 0.045）呈负相关。此外，近视患者的眼压（β=0.35，P <0.001）明显高于散光患者。结果可用于青光眼的诊断和管理。

{"title":"Intraocular pressure and its association with ocular biometrics in Iranian children","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To determine the mean value and normative distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in children and their association with demographic and ocular biometrics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cluster sampling was done to select the students in urban areas of Shahroud, northeast Iran, while all students living in rural areas were selected. IOP was measured in mmHg using a non-contact tonometer, along with corneal and retinal imaging and ocular biometric measurement.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After applying the exclusion criteria, 9154 eyes of 4580 students were analyzed, of whom 2377 (51.9 %) were boys. The mean age of the participants was 12.35±1.73 years (range: 9–15 years). The mean IOP was 15.58±2.83 (15.47–15.69) in total, 15.31±2.77 (15.17–15.46) in boys, and 15.88±2.86 (15.73–16.03) in girls (<em>p</em> < 0.001). The mean IOP was 15.07 and 15.49 in students aged 9 and 15 years, respectively. The mean IOP was 15.7 ± 2.64 (15.58–15.81) in urban and 14.52±4.05 (14.27–14.77) in rural students (<em>p</em> < 0.001). In the multiple generalized estimating equation model, IOP had a positive association with female sex (β=0.84, <em>P</em> < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (β=0.02, <em>P</em> < 0.001), cup volume (β=0.99, <em>P</em> < 0.001), corneal thickness (β=0.04, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and anterior chamber volume (β=0.007, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and a negative association with living in the rural area (β=−0.65, <em>P</em> < 0.001), rim area (β=−0.39, <em>P</em> < 0.001), and corneal diameter (β=−0.18, <em>P</em> = 0.045). Furthermore, individuals with myopia exhibited a significantly higher IOP (β=0.35, <em>P</em> < 0.001) compared to those with emmetropia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study showed the normative distribution of IOP and its associated factors in children. The results can be used in diagnosis and management of glaucoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429624000116/pdfft?md5=302bb87452dbc79545cbcaf70b1090ed&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429624000116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of macular thickness in diabetic patients acquired from optical coherence tomography mode and optical coherence tomography angiography mode in Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 通过 Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 的光学相干断层扫描模式和光学相干断层血管造影模式获取的糖尿病患者黄斑厚度的比较。

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100519

Purpose

To compare macular thickness obtained using two different modes of image acquisitions with Cirrus HD-OCT 5000.

Methods

Patients with diabetes were recruited and macular thickness were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) mode and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) mode. The OCT mode involved a Macular Cube (512×128 pixels) centred on the fovea covering a 6 × 6 mm² macular region. The OCTA acquisition involved scanning of a 6 × 6 mm² scan (350×350 pixels) centred on the fovea. Data was exported and compared according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields. Fixation deviation was defined as the deviation of the foveal point from the grid center in the OCT scan and OCTA scan.

Results

Eighty-six diabetic patients were recruited had similar macular thickness in all ETDRS subfield except the superior outer sector. The 95 % limits of agreement between the two modes were within 9.7μm to -9.0μm. It took longer to complete each OCTA mode (median of 7.4 s) than the OCT mode (median time of 5.8 s) (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001), but OCTA generated a smaller fixation deviation (median 68.8μm) than the OCT mode (median 103.0μm) (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.014).

Conclusions

Improved fixation in OCTA compared with OCT was evident, likely because of the faster scanning speed and higher sampling density of OCTA. Macular thickness was found similar. There appears no requirement to obtain macular thickness measurements using a separate OCT mode. This approach can reduce patient chair time, improve patient comfort, and streamline the clinical workflow.

目的：比较使用 Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 的两种不同图像采集模式获得的黄斑厚度：方法：招募糖尿病患者，使用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）模式和光学相干断层血管造影（OCTA）模式获取黄斑厚度。OCT 模式包括以眼窝为中心的黄斑立方体（512×128 像素），覆盖 6×6 平方毫米的黄斑区域。OCTA 采集以眼窝为中心扫描 6 × 6 平方毫米（350×350 像素）。数据根据早期治疗糖尿病视网膜病变研究（ETDRS）子区域导出并进行比较。固定偏差的定义是，OCT扫描和OCTA扫描中眼窝点与网格中心的偏差：被招募的 86 名糖尿病患者除了外上扇区外，所有 ETDRS 子区域的黄斑厚度都相似。两种模式的 95 % 一致性范围在 9.7μm 到 -9.0μm 之间。完成每个 OCTA 模式（中位数 7.4 秒）所需的时间比 OCT 模式（中位数 5.8 秒）长（Wilcoxon 检验，p < 0.001），但 OCTA 产生的固定偏差（中位数 68.8μm）比 OCT 模式（中位数 103.0μm）小（Wilcoxon 检验，p = 0.014）：结论：与 OCT 相比，OCTA 的固定性明显提高，这可能是因为 OCTA 扫描速度更快，取样密度更高。黄斑厚度相似。似乎不需要使用单独的 OCT 模式来测量黄斑厚度。这种方法可以减少患者的坐诊时间，提高患者的舒适度，并简化临床工作流程。

{"title":"Comparison of macular thickness in diabetic patients acquired from optical coherence tomography mode and optical coherence tomography angiography mode in Cirrus HD-OCT 5000","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To compare macular thickness obtained using two different modes of image acquisitions with Cirrus HD-OCT 5000.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with diabetes were recruited and macular thickness were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) mode and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) mode. The OCT mode involved a Macular Cube (512×128 pixels) centred on the fovea covering a 6 × 6 mm<sup>2</sup> macular region. The OCTA acquisition involved scanning of a 6 × 6 mm² scan (350×350 pixels) centred on the fovea. Data was exported and compared according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields. Fixation deviation was defined as the deviation of the foveal point from the grid center in the OCT scan and OCTA scan.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eighty-six diabetic patients were recruited had similar macular thickness in all ETDRS subfield except the superior outer sector. The 95 % limits of agreement between the two modes were within 9.7μm to -9.0μm. It took longer to complete each OCTA mode (median of 7.4 s) than the OCT mode (median time of 5.8 s) (Wilcoxon test, <em>p</em> < 0.001), but OCTA generated a smaller fixation deviation (median 68.8μm) than the OCT mode (median 103.0μm) (Wilcoxon test, <em>p</em> = 0.014).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Improved fixation in OCTA compared with OCT was evident, likely because of the faster scanning speed and higher sampling density of OCTA. Macular thickness was found similar. There appears no requirement to obtain macular thickness measurements using a separate OCT mode. This approach can reduce patient chair time, improve patient comfort, and streamline the clinical workflow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429624000074/pdfft?md5=3963b1936e4edd53c5b45bf47cbf4152&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429624000074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

JOptom's Web of Science (WoS) impact factor JOptom 的科学网（WoS）影响因子

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100520

引用次数: 0

Relationship between socioeconomic status and myopia in school children: CISViT project 社会经济地位与学龄儿童近视之间的关系：CISViT 项目。

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100518

Purpose

Evidence indicates the existence of an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of myopia in the adult population. In contrast, there are limited studies investigating this association in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the presence of myopia in 8-year-old children from southern Europe and SES defined as parental educational level and employment status.

Methods

Participants aged 8 years old were recruited from 16 schools located in Terrassa, Spain (n = 813). Ten of these schools were classified as “high complexity” schools (low SES). Refractive error was assessed using non-cycloplegic retinoscopy. Parental questionnaires were used to gather socioeconomic information such as parental education level and employment status. Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association between spherical equivalent (SE) and parental educational level and employment status as well as differences in the SE distribution between high-complexity and regular schools.

Results

Myopia was more prevalent than hyperopia in the population sample (11.1% vs 5.1 %). Chi-square tests revealed a significant association between attending “high-complexity” schools and the presence of myopia (p = 0.014). In contrast, no significant associations were found between SE and SES. A trend for higher prevalence of myopia in children whose mothers had low educational level and were unemployed was observed.

Conclusions

While no significant associations are found between SE and parental education or employment status, myopia is more frequently found in schools with low SES (“high-complexity” schools), suggesting a potential link between SES and childhood myopia.

目的：有证据表明，社会经济地位（SES）与成人近视发病率之间存在关联。相比之下，有关儿童近视的研究却非常有限。本研究旨在调查南欧 8 岁儿童是否患有近视与社会经济地位（即父母的教育水平和就业状况）之间的关系：从西班牙特拉萨的 16 所学校（n = 813）招募了 8 岁的参与者。其中 10 所学校被归类为 "高复杂性 "学校（社会经济地位低）。屈光不正通过非环镜视网膜镜进行评估。家长问卷用于收集社会经济信息，如家长的教育水平和就业状况。采用非参数Kruskal Wallis、Mann Whitney和Chi-square检验来评估球面等值（SE）与父母教育水平和就业状况之间的关系，以及复杂学校和普通学校之间SE分布的差异：在人口样本中，近视比远视更普遍（11.1% 对 5.1%）。卡方检验显示，就读 "高复杂性 "学校与近视之间存在显著关联（p = 0.014）。相比之下，SE 和 SES 之间没有发现明显的关联。研究还发现，母亲教育程度低和失业的儿童近视发生率呈上升趋势：结论：虽然 SE 与父母的教育程度或就业状况之间没有发现明显的联系，但近视在社会经济地位较低的学校（"高复杂性 "学校）中更为常见，这表明社会经济地位与儿童近视之间存在潜在的联系。

{"title":"Relationship between socioeconomic status and myopia in school children: CISViT project","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Evidence indicates the existence of an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of myopia in the adult population. In contrast, there are limited studies investigating this association in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the presence of myopia in 8-year-old children from southern Europe and SES defined as parental educational level and employment status.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants aged 8 years old were recruited from 16 schools located in Terrassa, Spain (<em>n</em> = 813). Ten of these schools were classified as “high complexity” schools (low SES). Refractive error was assessed using non-cycloplegic retinoscopy. Parental questionnaires were used to gather socioeconomic information such as parental education level and employment status. Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association between spherical equivalent (SE) and parental educational level and employment status as well as differences in the SE distribution between high-complexity and regular schools.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Myopia was more prevalent than hyperopia in the population sample (11.1% vs 5.1 %). Chi-square tests revealed a significant association between attending “high-complexity” schools and the presence of myopia (<em>p</em> = 0.014). In contrast, no significant associations were found between SE and SES. A trend for higher prevalence of myopia in children whose mothers had low educational level and were unemployed was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While no significant associations are found between SE and parental education or employment status, myopia is more frequently found in schools with low SES (“high-complexity” schools), suggesting a potential link between SES and childhood myopia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429624000062/pdfft?md5=a3ecd10c65a6e247d7aaa991cf66d5a8&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429624000062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of two visual-verbal tests of ocular motility using an eye-tracker 使用眼动仪对两种眼球运动视觉语言测试进行比较

IF 2.2 Q1 Health Professions

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100517

Carmen López-de-la-Fuente, Elena Saz-Onrubia, Elvira Orduna-Hospital, Ana Sánchez-Cano

Purpose

This study aims to compare eye movements monitored with an eye tracker during two visuo-verbal tests for assessing ocular motility. The study explores the potential of digital assessment and eye tracking technology in enhancing the understanding of ocular motility during these tests.

Methods

47 healthy participants were included (20 males, 27 females), with a mean age of 21.34±1.77 years. The participants underwent optometric examinations to ensure visual health and exclude any dysfunctions or pathologies. The experimental protocol involved the digitized versions of the DEM and King-Devick tests, monitored with an eye tracker.

Results

The vertical subtests of DEM test showed fewer saccades, longer fixation durations, smaller saccade amplitudes, and slower saccade speeds compared to the horizontal subtest. The King-Devick test exhibited comparable fixation and saccade numbers, while fixation duration slightly increased with test difficulty. Statistically significant differences were found between the tests, but a positive correlation was observed.

Conclusions

Statistically significant differences were observed between the DEM and King-Devick tests, indicating that they measure similar aspects but are not interchangeable. The DEM test offers more comprehensive information with vertical saccade assessment. Test duration correlates positively with saccade and fixation count, fixation duration, and saccade speed.

目的本研究旨在比较在两种评估眼球运动的视觉语言测试中使用眼动仪监测到的眼球运动。研究探讨了数字评估和眼动跟踪技术在提高对这些测试过程中眼球运动的理解方面的潜力。研究方法 47 名健康参与者（20 名男性，27 名女性），平均年龄（21.34±1.77）岁。参与者均接受了视力检查，以确保视力健康并排除任何功能障碍或病症。实验方案包括数字化版本的 DEM 和 King-Devick 测试，并使用眼动仪进行监测。结果与水平子测试相比，DEM 测试的垂直子测试显示出较少的囊回次数、较长的固定持续时间、较小的囊回幅度和较慢的囊回速度。King-Devick 测试的定点和囊回次数相当，而定点持续时间随着测试难度的增加而略有增加。结论 DEM 测试和 King-Devick 测试之间存在明显的统计学差异，表明它们测量的方面相似，但不能互换。DEM 测试可提供更全面的垂直囊回评估信息。测试持续时间与囊回和定点计数、定点持续时间和囊回速度呈正相关。

{"title":"Comparison of two visual-verbal tests of ocular motility using an eye-tracker","authors":"Carmen López-de-la-Fuente, Elena Saz-Onrubia, Elvira Orduna-Hospital, Ana Sánchez-Cano","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2024.100517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aims to compare eye movements monitored with an eye tracker during two visuo-verbal tests for assessing ocular motility. The study explores the potential of digital assessment and eye tracking technology in enhancing the understanding of ocular motility during these tests.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>47 healthy participants were included (20 males, 27 females), with a mean age of 21.34±1.77 years. The participants underwent optometric examinations to ensure visual health and exclude any dysfunctions or pathologies. The experimental protocol involved the digitized versions of the DEM and King-Devick tests, monitored with an eye tracker.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The vertical subtests of DEM test showed fewer saccades, longer fixation durations, smaller saccade amplitudes, and slower saccade speeds compared to the horizontal subtest. The King-Devick test exhibited comparable fixation and saccade numbers, while fixation duration slightly increased with test difficulty. Statistically significant differences were found between the tests, but a positive correlation was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Statistically significant differences were observed between the DEM and King-Devick tests, indicating that they measure similar aspects but are not interchangeable. The DEM test offers more comprehensive information with vertical saccade assessment. Test duration correlates positively with saccade and fixation count, fixation duration, and saccade speed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429624000050/pdfft?md5=56e8ab0927ccd7431201e499e9656fc9&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429624000050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethnicity and refractive errors in Peruvian children aged 7–11 years: A five-year analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 秘鲁 7-11 岁儿童的种族和屈光不正：人口与健康调查的五年分析

IF 2.3 Q1 Health Professions

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100486

Guillermo De-La-Borda-Prazak , Carolina Mendez-Guerra , Fiorella Huertas-Campos , Percy Herrera-Añazco , Vicente A. Benites-Zapata

Objective

To assess the association between ethnicity and self-reported refractive errors (REs) among Peruvian children aged 7–11 years.

Materials and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study incorporating a secondary data analysis of 2017–2021 data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). REs and ethnicity were obtained from focal child's mother's report. Four outcomes were assessed: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and any RE. We included potential confounders, such as age, sex, wealth index, area of residence, region of origin, frequency of watching TV and watching screens at less than 30 cm distance. Generalised linear models with the Poisson family and log link function were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

Data from a total of 52,753 children were included. The prevalence of RE in children aged 7–11 years was 10.90% (95% CI 10.49–11.33), of which 5.19% were hyperopia, 3.35% myopia and 2.36% astigmatism. Those of the Aymara ethnicity were less likely to suffer from any RE and astigmatism (aPR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46–0.99, p = 0.046; aPR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.92, p = 0.012, respectively), Members of Amazon groups were more likely to have hyperopia (aPR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.14–3.36, p = 0.015) and Quechuas were more likely to have myopia (aPR =1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.62, p = 0.028), where all were compared to Mestizos.

Conclusion

About 1 in 10 Peruvian children suffer from a RE. The most frequent RE in this study was hyperopia. Ethnic differences were seen in the frequency of RE.

目标评估秘鲁 7-11 岁儿童的种族与自我报告的屈光不正（REs）之间的关系。材料与方法我们开展了一项横断面研究，对秘鲁人口与健康调查（DHS）中 2017-2021 年的数据进行了二次数据分析。REs和种族来自病灶儿童母亲的报告。评估了四种结果：远视、近视、散光和任何RE。我们纳入了潜在的混杂因素，如年龄、性别、财富指数、居住地区、原籍地区、看电视的频率和看屏幕的距离小于 30 厘米。我们使用泊松族和对数链接函数的广义线性模型来计算粗流行率和调整流行率（aPR）及 95% 置信区间（95% CI）。7-11岁儿童的RE患病率为10.90%（95% CI为10.49-11.33），其中5.19%为远视，3.35%为近视，2.36%为散光。艾马拉人患任何RE和散光的可能性较小（aPR = 0.68，95% CI 0.46-0.99，p = 0.046；aPR = 0.70，95% CI 0.53-0.92，p = 0.012），亚马逊人更容易患远视（aPR = 1.95，95% CI 1.14-3.36，p = 0.015），Quechuas 人更有可能患有近视（aPR =1.29，95% CI 1.02-1.62，p = 0.028）。本研究中最常见的视力障碍是远视。RE的发生率存在种族差异。

{"title":"Ethnicity and refractive errors in Peruvian children aged 7–11 years: A five-year analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey","authors":"Guillermo De-La-Borda-Prazak , Carolina Mendez-Guerra , Fiorella Huertas-Campos , Percy Herrera-Añazco , Vicente A. Benites-Zapata","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2023.100486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2023.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess the association between ethnicity and self-reported refractive errors (REs) among Peruvian children aged 7–11 years.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We conducted a cross-sectional study incorporating a secondary data analysis of 2017–2021 data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). REs and ethnicity were obtained from focal child's mother's report. Four outcomes were assessed: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and any RE. We included potential confounders, such as age, sex, wealth index, area of residence, region of origin, frequency of watching TV and watching screens at less than 30 cm distance. Generalised linear models with the Poisson family and log link function were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data from a total of 52,753 children were included. The prevalence of RE in children aged 7–11 years was 10.90% (95% CI 10.49–11.33), of which 5.19% were hyperopia, 3.35% myopia and 2.36% astigmatism. Those of the Aymara ethnicity were less likely to suffer from any RE and astigmatism (aPR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46–0.99, <em>p</em> = 0.046; aPR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.92, <em>p</em> = 0.012, respectively), Members of Amazon groups were more likely to have hyperopia (aPR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.14–3.36, <em>p</em> = 0.015) and Quechuas were more likely to have myopia (aPR =1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.62, <em>p</em> = 0.028), where all were compared to Mestizos.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>About 1 in 10 Peruvian children suffer from a RE. The most frequent RE in this study was hyperopia. Ethnic differences were seen in the frequency of RE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429623000341/pdfft?md5=ecfe6e4a4917f70ed1ca92a88a109109&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429623000341-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensory exotropia versus sensory esotropia: A comparative clinical features study 感觉性外斜视与感觉性内斜视：临床特征对比研究

IF 2.3 Q1 Health Professions

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100516

Mohammad Reza Akbari , Alaa Alghurab , Masoud Khorrami-Nejad , Elham Azizi , Babak Masoomian

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the preoperative clinical features of patients with sensory esotropia (ET) and sensory exotropia (XT).

Methods

In a retrospective study, the medical records of 13,252 patients who underwent strabismus surgery were reviewed at the Farabi Eye Hospital, Iran, from 2012 to March 2022. There were 1017 patients with sensory horizontal strabismus whose, in their worse eye, had corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) equal to or <20/160 tested with the Snellen chart.

Results

The mean age of patients was 29.0 ± 12.4 years [574 (56.4%) males and 443 (43.6%) females]. Sensory XT and ET were observed in 717 (70.5%) and 300 (29.5%) patients, respectively (P<.001). The mean CDVA in the strabismic and non-strabismic eyes was 1.40 ± 0.75 and 0.05 ± 0.13, respectively (P<.001). Also, the CDVA in the strabismic eyes was significantly worse in the patients with sensory XT than in the patients with sensory ET (P<.001). Sphere and spherical equivalent (SE) components were more hyperopic in both eyes of patients with sensory ET than sensory XT (P<.001). In sensory ET group, the mean horizontal deviation at far and near was significantly higher than the sensory XT group (both P<.001). The prevalence of moderate and severe amblyopia among all patients with sensory strabismus was 274 (26.9%) and 727 (71.5%), respectively (P<.001). There were 398 (39.1%) patients who needed more than one surgery.

Conclusion

The frequency of sensory XT was about 2.5 times more than the sensory ET. Most patients with sensory ET were operated at a younger age, had better CDVA, more hyperopic spherical and SE, and higher angle of deviation compared with patients with sensory XT. The chance of reoperation in patients with sensory strabismus was about 40%.

目的本研究旨在比较感觉性内斜（ET）和感觉性外斜（XT）患者的术前临床特征。方法在一项回顾性研究中，研究人员回顾了2012年至2022年3月期间在伊朗法拉比眼科医院接受斜视手术的13252名患者的病历。结果患者的平均年龄为 29.0±12.4 岁[男性 574 人（56.4%），女性 443 人（43.6%）]。分别有 717 名（70.5%）和 300 名（29.5%）患者出现感觉 XT 和 ET（P< .001）。斜视眼和非斜视眼的平均 CDVA 分别为 1.40 ± 0.75 和 0.05 ± 0.13（P< .001）。此外，感觉 XT 患者斜视眼的 CDVA 明显低于感觉 ET 患者（P<.001）。与感觉性 XT 相比，感觉性 ET 患者双眼的球面和球面等效（SE）成分更偏远（P< .001）。感觉性 ET 组的远近平均水平偏差明显高于感觉性 XT 组（均为 P<.001）。在所有感觉性斜视患者中，中度和重度弱视的发病率分别为 274 例（26.9%）和 727 例（71.5%）（P< .001）。结论感觉性 XT 的发病率约为感觉性 ET 的 2.5 倍。与感觉性 XT 患者相比，大多数感觉性 ET 患者的手术年龄更小、CDVA 更好、远视球面和 SE 更多以及偏斜角度更大。感觉性斜视患者再次手术的几率约为 40%。

{"title":"Sensory exotropia versus sensory esotropia: A comparative clinical features study","authors":"Mohammad Reza Akbari , Alaa Alghurab , Masoud Khorrami-Nejad , Elham Azizi , Babak Masoomian","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2024.100516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to compare the preoperative clinical features of patients with sensory esotropia (ET) and sensory exotropia (XT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a retrospective study, the medical records of 13,252 patients who underwent strabismus surgery were reviewed at the Farabi Eye Hospital, Iran, from 2012 to March 2022. There were 1017 patients with sensory horizontal strabismus whose, in their worse eye, had corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) equal to or <20/160 tested with the Snellen chart.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean age of patients was 29.0 ± 12.4 years [574 (56.4%) males and 443 (43.6%) females]. Sensory XT and ET were observed in 717 (70.5%) and 300 (29.5%) patients, respectively (<em>P</em><.001). The mean CDVA in the strabismic and non-strabismic eyes was 1.40 ± 0.75 and 0.05 ± 0.13, respectively (<em>P</em><.001). Also, the CDVA in the strabismic eyes was significantly worse in the patients with sensory XT than in the patients with sensory ET (<em>P</em><.001). Sphere and spherical equivalent (SE) components were more hyperopic in both eyes of patients with sensory ET than sensory XT (<em>P</em><.001). In sensory ET group, the mean horizontal deviation at far and near was significantly higher than the sensory XT group (both <em>P</em><.001). The prevalence of moderate and severe amblyopia among all patients with sensory strabismus was 274 (26.9%) and 727 (71.5%), respectively (<em>P</em><.001). There were 398 (39.1%) patients who needed more than one surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The frequency of sensory XT was about 2.5 times more than the sensory ET. Most patients with sensory ET were operated at a younger age, had better CDVA, more hyperopic spherical and SE, and higher angle of deviation compared with patients with sensory XT. The chance of reoperation in patients with sensory strabismus was about 40%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429624000049/pdfft?md5=21052348ce33c2a07e76816dcae78747&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429624000049-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maximal aerobic exercise and acute visual performance in females: Implications for concussion side-line testing 女性的最大有氧运动和急性视觉表现：脑震荡侧线测试的意义

IF 2.3 Q1 Health Professions

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100515

Brandon S. Shaw , Gerrit Breukelman , Lourens Millard , Jason Moran , Gavin Sandercock , Ina Shaw

Purpose

Many sports-related concussion (SRC) outcomes can be prevented by removing affected athletes and allowing return after full recovery. Diagnosing concussions on the side-line is challenging, as tools often rely on visual performance assessment. Since acute exercise can affect vision, it is vital to determine if exercise can mask potential brain injury if visual performance assessments are used. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single bout of maximal aerobic exercise on acute visual performance.

Methods

Eighty previously sedentary females were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 40) or control group (N = 40) and completed an identical visual task test battery. Two weeks later, participants returned to participate in the test battery, with the experimental group doing so immediately following a maximal treadmill exercise protocol.

Results

Significant (P < 0.05) improvements were found in accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, and hand-eye coordination (P < 0.001 for all), but not in visual memory (P = 0.556). All visual tasks, barring visual memory, loaded onto a single factor and approximated the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) threshold value (RMSEA = 0.112 [90 %CI: 0.047–0.182]), and a significant large main effect was found on all factors as a universal visual task performance (P < 0.001; d = 1.01).

Conclusion

This study shows that exercise can affect performance across multiple, but not all, visual tasks and should be utilised with caution in comprehensive side-line SRC assessments. Visual memory may be more stable to the effects of acute exercise and be considered for inclusion in side-line SRC assessments.

目的许多运动相关脑震荡（SRC）的后果都可以通过让受影响的运动员离场并允许其在完全康复后重返赛场来预防。在场边诊断脑震荡具有挑战性，因为诊断工具通常依赖于视觉表现评估。由于急性运动会影响视力，因此如果使用视觉表现评估，确定运动是否会掩盖潜在的脑损伤至关重要。方法将八名以前久坐不动的女性随机分配到实验组（40 人）或对照组（40 人），并完成相同的视觉任务测试。结果发现，实验组在适应能力、眼球回转、识别速度、周边意识和手眼协调方面都有显著改善（P <0.05）（P <0.001），但在视觉记忆方面没有改善（P = 0.556）。除视觉记忆外，所有视觉任务都负载于一个因子，并接近均方根近似误差（RMSEA）阈值（RMSEA = 0.112 [90 %CI：0.047-0.182]），并且发现所有因子都有显著的大主效应，作为普遍的视觉任务表现（P < 0.001; d = 1.01）。视觉记忆对急性运动的影响可能更为稳定，因此应考虑将其纳入侧线 SRC 评估。

{"title":"Maximal aerobic exercise and acute visual performance in females: Implications for concussion side-line testing","authors":"Brandon S. Shaw , Gerrit Breukelman , Lourens Millard , Jason Moran , Gavin Sandercock , Ina Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2024.100515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2024.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Many sports-related concussion (SRC) outcomes can be prevented by removing affected athletes and allowing return after full recovery. Diagnosing concussions on the side-line is challenging, as tools often rely on visual performance assessment. Since acute exercise can affect vision, it is vital to determine if exercise can mask potential brain injury if visual performance assessments are used. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single bout of maximal aerobic exercise on acute visual performance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty previously sedentary females were randomly assigned to an experimental group (<em>N</em> = 40) or control group (<em>N</em> = 40) and completed an identical visual task test battery. Two weeks later, participants returned to participate in the test battery, with the experimental group doing so immediately following a maximal treadmill exercise protocol.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant (<em>P</em> < 0.05) improvements were found in accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, and hand-eye coordination (<em>P</em> < 0.001 for all), but not in visual memory (<em>P</em> = 0.556). All visual tasks, barring visual memory, loaded onto a single factor and approximated the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) threshold value (RMSEA = 0.112 [90 %CI: 0.047–0.182]), and a significant large main effect was found on all factors as a universal visual task performance (<em>P</em> < 0.001; <em>d</em> = 1.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study shows that exercise can affect performance across multiple, but not all, visual tasks and should be utilised with caution in comprehensive side-line SRC assessments. Visual memory may be more stable to the effects of acute exercise and be considered for inclusion in side-line SRC assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429624000037/pdfft?md5=800444b0cc4d48892d50ab069ab39de2&pid=1-s2.0-S1888429624000037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140104000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0