Journal of Optometry最新文献

The impact of different spectacle designs on the European visual field requirements for driving 不同的眼镜设计对欧洲驾驶视野要求的影响。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100582

Thea Melsen Sudmann , Anne Kathinka Jeber , Anne Brækhus , Ole Klungsøyr , Fiona J. Rowe , Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad

Purpose

Spectacles can obstruct the peripheral visual field (VF) and interfere with formal requirements for driving. The European VF standards can be assessed with perimetry using the European Driving Test (EDT). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different spectacles on the EDT, and their compliance with the European VF standards for driving.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 30 participants (15 males and 15 females) with normal VF. Participants underwent binocular EDT perimetry with three different spectacles. The number of missed test points were recorded and the vertex distance (VD), pupillary distance, and eye dominance were measured. Statistical comparisons were conducted using a generalized linear mixed model, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Peripheral VF loss was observed in 11 (37 %) participants (10 males) with spectacle B and in six (20 %) participants (five males) with spectacle C, whereas only one participant had a single missed test point with spectacle A. Participants with spectacle-related VF loss had significantly greater VD than those without. Moreover, there were a higher number of missed test points on the side of the dominant eye.

Conclusions

Spectacles with thin frames and temples had a negligible impact on the peripheral VF, whereas thicker frames and temples could compromise compliance with the VF standards. VF loss was associated with greater VD, which can explain why male participants exhibited more artefacts. These findings emphasize the need to consider spectacle design in fitness-to-drive assessments with perimetry and raise awareness of potential VF restrictions associated with certain eyewear.

用途：眼镜会阻碍周边视野（VF），干扰驾驶的正式要求。欧洲VF标准可以通过欧洲驾驶考试（EDT）的视野测量来评估。本研究旨在评估不同眼镜对EDT的影响，以及它们是否符合欧洲VF驾驶标准。方法：本横断面研究包括30名VF正常的参与者（男15名，女15名）。参与者使用三种不同的眼镜进行双眼EDT验光。记录漏测点数量，测量顶点距离（VD）、瞳孔距离和眼优势度。采用广义线性混合模型进行统计学比较，显著性设置为p < 0.05。结果：在佩戴B眼镜的11名（37%）参与者（10名男性）和佩戴C眼镜的6名（20%）参与者（5名男性）中观察到外周VF丧失，而佩戴a眼镜的只有1名参与者有一次错过测试点。与眼镜相关的VF丧失的参与者的VD明显高于没有佩戴眼镜的参与者。此外，在主视侧有较多的漏测点。结论：镜框和鬓角较薄的眼镜对周围视场的影响可以忽略不计，而镜框和鬓角较厚的眼镜则会损害视场标准的依从性。VF丧失与更大的VD相关，这可以解释为什么男性参与者表现出更多的伪影。这些发现强调了在视力评估中考虑眼镜设计的必要性，并提高了对某些眼镜相关的潜在视场限制的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Opto-biomechanical simulation of keratoconus development in emmetropic eyes 准斜视眼圆锥角膜发育的光-生物力学模拟。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100587

Hosna Ghaderi , Marta Jiménez García , Carina Koppen , Jos Rozema

Purpose

To assess how different corneas respond to a standardized structural weak spot in different sizes and locations using the finite element method depending on their initial geometry.

Method

The corneal meshes of 5 randomly selected emmetropic SyntEyes with different biometry and optical properties were generated using MATLAB and ANSYS. To simulate keratoconus development, a local stiffness reduction of up to 60 % of the original value was implemented in three locations (central, 1 mm, and 2 mm inferior) with a diameter of 2 mm for each cornea. From this, tangential corneal power maps were calculated.

Results

Local weakening causes the formation of a conical deformation at the site of the weak spot and, for an inferior weak spot, a superior flattening. At the center of the weak spot, the cornea becomes thinner by 50 μm, while the maximum anterior curvature increased by an average of 51.76 ± 1.38D and the posterior curvature by an average of -7.45 ± 0.15D for the central keratoconus. The anterior surface area increases by 0.88 ± 0.29 mm² and 0.85 ± 0.03 mm² for a central and inferior keratoconus, respectively. The corresponding values for the posterior surface were 1.10 ± 0.03 mm² and 1.06 ± 0.03 mm².

Conclusion

The shape of a keratoconic cornea is not only determined by the response to a local structural weakening, but also by its original corneal shape. This understanding may help enhance early detection and monitoring techniques for keratoconus progression.

目的：评估不同角膜对不同尺寸和位置的标准化结构弱点的反应，使用有限元方法取决于其初始几何形状。方法：采用MATLAB和ANSYS软件对随机选取的5只具有不同生物特征和光学特性的准视SyntEyes角膜进行网格生成。为了模拟圆锥角膜的发展，在三个位置（中央，1mm和2mm下），每个角膜的直径为2mm，将局部刚度降低到原始值的60%。由此计算出切向角膜功率图。结果：局部弱化导致弱点部位形成锥形变形，对于下弱点，上弱点变平。在弱斑中心，角膜变薄50μm，中央圆锥角膜最大前曲率平均增大51.76±1.38D，最大后曲率平均增大-7.45±0.15D。中央圆锥角膜和下圆锥角膜的前表面面积分别增加0.88±0.29 mm²和0.85±0.03 mm²。后表面对应值分别为1.10±0.03 mm²和1.06±0.03 mm²。结论：圆锥角膜的形状不仅取决于对局部结构减弱的反应，而且取决于其原有的角膜形状。这一认识可能有助于提高圆锥角膜进展的早期检测和监测技术。

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引用次数: 0

A feasibility study of 3D printing technology for simulating rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting 3D打印技术模拟刚性透气性隐形眼镜配件的可行性研究。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100583

Nerea Tolón Zardoya, Diana Gargallo Yebra, Francisco J. Ávila Gómez, Jorge Ares García

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of a novel method for simulating a Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses (RGP-CL) fitting using 3-D printed sclero-corneal surfaces (SCSs).

Methods

The experiment involved the fabrication of two resin SCSs with biconic corneal geometry and the participation of 22 optician-optometrists as observers. Participants compared the fluorescein patterns of three RGP-CL fitted on each SCS with theoretical patterns generated through computer simulation. To standardize visualization, comparisons were conducted through a multiple-choice questionnaire composed of 6 questions. Each question presented one main fluorescein pattern (either theoretical or experimental) and four additional patterns obtained using the other technique. Optometrists were required to select the fluorescein pattern more similar to the main pattern. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the comparison between the two methods.

Results

The surface quality of the printed SCSs was sufficient to produce consistent and interpretable fluorescein patterns. In all questions, at least 70 % of optometrists selected the correct pattern. In four questions, more than 90 % identified the correct pattern, and in one question accuracy reached 100 %. The correct option was always the most frequently chosen, with a significantly higher rate than the second most selected option (p = 0.05).

Conclusions

The ability of most optometrists to correctly identify patterns suggests that, even without polishing, 3-D printed SCSs can simulate fluorescein patterns closely resembling theoretical ones. This approach shows promise as a supportive tool for training in RGP-CL fitting.

目的：评估一种利用3d打印角膜硬化剂表面（scs）模拟硬质透气性隐形眼镜（RGP-CL）配合器的新方法的可行性。方法：在22名验光师的观察下，制备两种双锥形角膜树脂巩膜。参与者将三个RGP-CL在每个SCS上的荧光素模式与计算机模拟产生的理论模式进行了比较。为了使可视化标准化，通过6道选择题问卷进行比较。每个问题呈现一个主要的荧光素模式（理论或实验）和使用其他技术获得的四个附加模式。验光师被要求选择与主要模式更相似的荧光素模式。通过统计分析来评价两种方法比较的准确性。结果：打印的scs表面质量足以产生一致和可解释的荧光素图案。在所有问题中，至少有70%的验光师选择了正确的模式。在四个问题中，超过90%的人识别出了正确的模式，其中一个问题的准确率达到了100%。正确选项总是最常被选择的选项，其选择率显著高于第二常被选择的选项（p = 0.05）。结论：大多数验光师正确识别模式的能力表明，即使没有抛光，3d打印的scs也可以模拟出与理论模式非常相似的荧光素模式。这种方法有望成为RGP-CL拟合训练的辅助工具。

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引用次数: 0

Outcomes in randomized controlled trials on slowing myopia: A systematic review 减缓近视的随机对照试验结果：一项系统综述。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100562

Yiyang Xu , Nan Chen , Fei Zhang , Xuanling Zeng , Tianlin Wang , Wanying Xia , Xingyue Yang

Introduction

This review aims to analyse the application of the measure methods and measure contents of the outcomes reported in studies on slowing myopia, and the associations between outcomes and study characteristics.

Methods

Publications were identified by a search of seven electronic databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, Wanfang database, CQVIP database, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Excerpta Medica Database, for relevant terms like myopia and randomized controlled trial from construction to Sept. 15th, 2023. The basic information of studies was extracted, including publishing time, region, intervention duration, sample size, intervention and outcome. Additionally, the measurements of outcomes were explored. The risk of bias of all studies included were assessed.

Results

Altogether, 599 randomized controlled trials were included, including vision (52.75 %), refraction (64.94 %), eye axial length (47.25 %) and response rate (38.23 %). Since 478 studies (79.80 %) were published in Chinese, the included studies were divided into subgroups according to the study language. The number of research published in Chinese was surged since 2005. The rate of refraction was gradually increased from 27.27 % before 2005 to 71.08 % in the past 2 years. 121 studies in English were included in this study. The usage frequency of refraction was ≥75 % in each period and that of eye axial length kept at more than half. In the studies lasting >6 months, the usage frequencies of refraction and axial length were >90 %. They accounted for 91.30 % and 82.61 % in the studies using contact lenses, and both 94.12 % in the studies using spectacles.

Conclusion

More and more attention is paid in slowing myopia, and the reported outcomes are diverse. Based on the analysis of the outcomes, there is a lack of an agreed-upon standardised set of outcomes in clinical trials for slowing myopia.

本综述旨在分析缓变性近视研究中所报道的结果测量方法和测量内容的应用，以及结果与研究特点的关系。方法：检索中国国家知识基础设施、中国生物医学、万方数据库、CQVIP数据库、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、摘录医学数据库等7个电子数据库，检索建设至2023年9月15日近视相关术语和随机对照试验等文献。提取研究的基本信息，包括发表时间、地区、干预持续时间、样本量、干预措施和结局。此外，还探讨了结果的测量方法。对纳入的所有研究的偏倚风险进行评估。结果：共纳入599项随机对照试验，包括视力（52.75%）、屈光（64.94%）、眼轴长（47.25%）和有效率（38.23%）。由于有478项研究（79.80%）以中文发表，因此根据研究语言将纳入的研究分为亚组。自2005年以来，用中文发表的研究论文数量激增。折射率由2005年以前的27.27%逐渐上升到近2年的71.08%。本研究共纳入121项英文研究。各周期屈光使用频率≥75%，眼轴长使用频率保持在一半以上。在持续6个月的研究中，屈光和眼轴长度的使用频率为90%。在使用隐形眼镜的研究中占91.30%和82.61%，在使用眼镜的研究中占94.12%。结论：缓变性近视越来越受到人们的重视，报道的治疗结果也多种多样。基于对结果的分析，在减缓近视的临床试验中缺乏一套一致认可的标准化结果。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of an algorithm-based combination device for objective and subjective refraction: accuracy and efficiency across examiner experience levels 基于算法的客观和主观折射组合设备的评估：跨审查员经验水平的准确性和效率。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100580

Antonia Roth , Katharina Breher , Niklas Domdei , Jonas Müller , Siegfried Wahl

Purpose

A novel combination device for objective and subjective refraction was assessed regarding repeatability, reproducibility, validity, vision quality, and timing for experienced and untrained examiners.

Methods

Six examiners (each three trained optometrists and untrained examiners) examined 33 healthy participants for objective and subjective refraction. The ZEISS VISUCORE 500 (VC) objective and subjective refraction combination device with an algorithm-based guided and regular custom mode was compared to a conventional control procedure (wavefront aberrometer and phoropter).

Results

For the objective measurement of spherical equivalent refractive error (SE), VC shows good repeatability (≤ ±0.29 D) and reproducibility (≤ ±0.28 D) across all examiners versus control (±0.34 D and ≤ ±0.30 D, respectively), measured only by trained examiners. VC measures slightly negative objective refractions for SE with a mean difference (MD) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of -0.07 ± 1.24 D analyzed for a trained examiner. Subjective refraction for VC guided and custom mode showed good repeatability (≤ ±0.64 D) and reproducibility (≤ ±0.59 D) regarding SE for the examiner level. The results were similar to control (±0.54 D and ±0.51 D, respectively) with MD and LoA of +0.12 ± 0.67 D and +0.14 ± 0.66 D for VC guided and custom for trained examiner level. No significant differences were observed in best-corrected visual acuity across the three refraction workflows (all p > 0.05). The VC guided procedure was the most time-efficient, requiring less than 5 min of chair time.

Conclusions

The tested combination refraction device provides reliable and efficient objective and subjective refraction measurements across trained and untrained examiners.

目的：为经验丰富和未经培训的检查员评估一种新型的客观和主观折射组合装置的可重复性、再现性、有效性、视力质量和时间。方法：6名验光师（每3名训练有素的验光师和3名未经训练的验光师）对33名健康受试者进行客观和主观屈光检查。将蔡司VISUCORE 500 （VC）主客观折射组合装置与传统控制程序（波前像差仪和光镜）进行比较，该装置采用基于算法的引导和常规自定义模式。结果：对于球面等效屈光误差（SE）的客观测量，VC在所有检查人员中显示出良好的重复性（≤±0.29 D）和再现性（≤±0.28 D），而对照组仅由经过培训的检查人员测量（分别为±0.34 D和≤±0.30 D）。VC测量SE的轻微负物镜折射，平均差值（MD）和95%一致限（LoA）为-0.07±1.24 D。在主观上，VC引导和自定义模式的主观折射在SE方面具有良好的重复性（≤±0.64 D）和再现性（≤±0.59 D）。结果与对照组相似（分别为±0.54 D和±0.51 D）， VC引导和培训审查员水平定制的MD和LoA分别为+0.12±0.67 D和+0.14±0.66 D。三个屈光工作流程的最佳矫正视力无显著差异（均p < 0.05）。VC引导的手术最省时，只需不到5分钟的主持时间。结论：经过测试的组合屈光仪为经过培训和未经培训的检查员提供了可靠和有效的客观和主观屈光测量。

{"title":"Assessment of an algorithm-based combination device for objective and subjective refraction: accuracy and efficiency across examiner experience levels","authors":"Antonia Roth , Katharina Breher , Niklas Domdei , Jonas Müller , Siegfried Wahl","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>A novel combination device for objective and subjective refraction was assessed regarding repeatability, reproducibility, validity, vision quality, and timing for experienced and untrained examiners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six examiners (each three trained optometrists and untrained examiners) examined 33 healthy participants for objective and subjective refraction. The ZEISS VISUCORE 500 (VC) objective and subjective refraction combination device with an algorithm-based guided and regular custom mode was compared to a conventional control procedure (wavefront aberrometer and phoropter).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For the objective measurement of spherical equivalent refractive error (SE), VC shows good repeatability (≤ ±0.29 D) and reproducibility (≤ ±0.28 D) across all examiners versus control (±0.34 D and ≤ ±0.30 D, respectively), measured only by trained examiners. VC measures slightly negative objective refractions for SE with a mean difference (MD) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of -0.07 ± 1.24 D analyzed for a trained examiner. Subjective refraction for VC guided and custom mode showed good repeatability (≤ ±0.64 D) and reproducibility (≤ ±0.59 D) regarding SE for the examiner level. The results were similar to control (±0.54 D and ±0.51 D, respectively) with MD and LoA of +0.12 ± 0.67 D and +0.14 ± 0.66 D for VC guided and custom for trained examiner level. No significant differences were observed in best-corrected visual acuity across the three refraction workflows (all p > 0.05). The VC guided procedure was the most time-efficient, requiring less than 5 min of chair time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The tested combination refraction device provides reliable and efficient objective and subjective refraction measurements across trained and untrained examiners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing early diagnosis and treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis through corneal scraping 通过角膜刮痧优化棘阿米巴角膜炎的早期诊断和治疗。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100566

Wen-Hui Chang , Yu-Wei Kuo , Yu-Chih Hou

Purpose

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening disease, commonly associated with contact lens use. Early diagnosis is challenging due to its varied clinical presentation. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of AK and evaluate the utility of corneal scraping for early diagnosis.

Methods

This retrospective study included 14 eyes from 13 AK patients diagnosed by detecting Acanthamoeba cysts in corneal scrapings between July 2019 and August 2023. Clinical history, presentation, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The mean age of the 13 patients was 28 ± 13 years. Ten patients used soft contact lenses and 3 patients used orthokeratology lenses. The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 18.2 ± 12.9 days. The most common sign was elevated superficial punctate keratitis (SPK), followed by dot infiltrates, radial perineuritis, pseudodendrites, stromal edema, and ring infiltrates. Nine eyes were treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) eye drops, while the remaining five eyes received a combination of two or three anti-amoebic agents. Thirteen eyes improved with treatment, but one eye—initially misdiagnosed and treated with steroids—required therapeutic keratoplasty. LogMAR visual acuity in eleven eyes improved from an initial 0.51 ± 0.44 to 0.11 ± 0.10 after treatment.

Conclusion

Elevated SPK is the most frequent early feature of AK and may mimic contact lens-related sterile keratitis. Corneal scraping is a valuable diagnostic tool that enables earlier detection and improved outcomes. PHMB monotherapy is effective in early AK, while delayed diagnosis and prior steroid use may lead to disease progression and necessitate surgical intervention.

目的：棘阿米巴角膜炎（AK）是一种视力威胁疾病，通常与使用隐形眼镜有关。由于其临床表现多样，早期诊断具有挑战性。本研究旨在描述AK的临床特征，并评估角膜刮痧在早期诊断中的应用。方法：对2019年7月至2023年8月期间通过角膜刮伤检测棘阿米巴囊肿诊断的13例AK患者的14只眼进行回顾性研究。分析了临床病史、表现、治疗和结果。结果：13例患者平均年龄28±13岁。10例使用软性隐形眼镜，3例使用角膜塑形镜。从症状出现到诊断的平均时间为18.2±12.9 d。最常见的征象是浅表性点状角膜炎（SPK）升高，其次是点浸润、放射状神经会阴炎、假树突、间质水肿和环状浸润。9只眼睛使用聚六亚甲基双胍（PHMB）滴眼液，其余5只眼睛使用两种或三种抗阿米巴药物的联合治疗。13只眼睛经过治疗得到改善，但有一只眼睛最初被误诊并接受了类固醇治疗，需要治疗性角膜移植术。治疗后11只眼的LogMAR视力由最初的0.51±0.44提高到0.11±0.10。结论：SPK升高是AK最常见的早期特征，可能与隐形眼镜相关性无菌性角膜炎相似。角膜刮痧是一种有价值的诊断工具，可以早期发现并改善结果。PHMB单药治疗对早期AK有效，而延迟诊断和先前使用类固醇可能导致疾病进展并需要手术干预。

{"title":"Optimizing early diagnosis and treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis through corneal scraping","authors":"Wen-Hui Chang , Yu-Wei Kuo , Yu-Chih Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening disease, commonly associated with contact lens use. Early diagnosis is challenging due to its varied clinical presentation. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of AK and evaluate the utility of corneal scraping for early diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 14 eyes from 13 AK patients diagnosed by detecting Acanthamoeba cysts in corneal scrapings between July 2019 and August 2023. Clinical history, presentation, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the 13 patients was 28 ± 13 years. Ten patients used soft contact lenses and 3 patients used orthokeratology lenses. The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 18.2 ± 12.9 days. The most common sign was elevated superficial punctate keratitis (SPK), followed by dot infiltrates, radial perineuritis, pseudodendrites, stromal edema, and ring infiltrates. Nine eyes were treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) eye drops, while the remaining five eyes received a combination of two or three anti-amoebic agents. Thirteen eyes improved with treatment, but one eye—initially misdiagnosed and treated with steroids—required therapeutic keratoplasty. LogMAR visual acuity in eleven eyes improved from an initial 0.51 ± 0.44 to 0.11 ± 0.10 after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elevated SPK is the most frequent early feature of AK and may mimic contact lens-related sterile keratitis. Corneal scraping is a valuable diagnostic tool that enables earlier detection and improved outcomes. PHMB monotherapy is effective in early AK, while delayed diagnosis and prior steroid use may lead to disease progression and necessitate surgical intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of contact lens discomfort: from the clinic to the laboratory 隐形眼镜不适的回顾：从临床到实验室。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100581

Laura Valencia-Nieto , María J. González García , Alberto López-Miguel

The exact mechanisms underlying contact lens discomfort (CLD) remain unknown. CLD results from reduced compatibility between the lens and the ocular environment, and multiple factors can trigger discomfort when wearing the lens. Consequently, this narrative review aims to elucidate the symptoms, clinical signs (singly and in combination) and ocular surface inflammatory mediators associated with CLD. This information could be useful for improving CLD management strategies in the future. A literature search of the PubMed database revealed widespread use of dry eye questionnaires in contact lens (CL) wearers, however, the emerging use of specific questionnaires for CLD is considered more appropriate. Besides, several inflammatory mediators might play a role in the development of CLD. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the role of ocular surface inflammatory mediators involved in CLD to better understand this condition.

隐形眼镜不适的确切机制尚不清楚。CLD是由于晶状体和眼环境之间的兼容性降低造成的，戴晶状体时，多种因素会引发不适。因此，这篇叙述性综述旨在阐明与CLD相关的症状、临床体征（单独和联合）和眼表炎症介质。这些信息可能对今后改进CLD管理策略有用。PubMed数据库的文献检索显示，在隐形眼镜（CL）配戴者中广泛使用干眼问卷，然而，针对CLD的特定问卷的新兴使用被认为更合适。此外，几种炎症介质可能在CLD的发展中起作用。因此，需要进一步研究眼表炎症介质在CLD中的作用，以更好地了解这一疾病。

引用次数: 0

Multifocal contact lenses and defocus incorporated multiple segments lenses slow myopic progression in Chinese children with high myopia 多焦隐形眼镜和离焦多节段隐形眼镜延缓中国高度近视儿童近视进展。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100588

Mengdi Li , Kailang Zhang , Bi Hua , Kevin T. Willeford , Xiaoqin Chen , Bin Zhang , Lihua Li , Xiaoyan Yang

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs) and defocus incorporated multiple segments lenses (DIMS) to limit myopic progression in children with high myopia.

Methods

This retrospective study included 249 children (aged 8-16 years) with high myopia (non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent [SE] −6.00 to −10.00 D, astigmatism < 2.00 D). Selected participants were those treated with DIMS (N=81), MFSCLs (DISC, N=60), or single-vision spectacles (SVLs, N=108, control group). Myopic progression was assessed based on the 1-year SE change from baseline, categorized as slow (<−0.25 D), moderate (−0.25 to −0.75 D), or rapid (> −0.75 D). The multiple linear regression evaluated the association between myopic progression and characters.

Results

No significant differences in age, SE, or sex were found among the groups at baseline. At one year, the magnitude of myopic progression was significantly smaller in the DIMS (−0.47 ± 0.39 D, 33.8 %) groups and MFSCLs (−0.39 ± 0.47 D, 45.1 %) compared to the SVL group (−0.71 ± 0.54 D; P < 0.001). The proportion of slow progressors was 28.40 % (SVLs), 39.81 % (DIMS), and 51.67 % (MFSCLs). Age was associated with the myopic progression in the DIMS (β=0.108, P < 0.001) and SVLs (β=0.120, P < 0.001) group, but not in the MFSCLs (P=0.776) group. MFSCLs were preferred for children under 12 years, while DIMS and MFSCLs showed comparable efficacy for those over 12 with high myopia.

Conclusions

Both MFSCLs and DIMS have demonstrated efficacy in delaying myopic progression in children with high myopia. The MFSCLs will give children better control up to the age of 12; after that, they remain a good option.

目的：评价多焦软性隐形眼镜（MFSCLs）和离焦合并多段隐形眼镜（DIMS）对高度近视儿童近视进展的限制作用。方法：回顾性研究249例（8-16岁）高度近视（非睫状体麻痹性球面等效[SE] -6.00 ~ -10.00 D，散光< 2.00 D）儿童。选择的参与者是使用DIMS （N=81）、mfscl （DISC， N=60）或单视力眼镜（svl， N=108，对照组）治疗的患者。根据1年的SE变化来评估近视进展，归类为缓慢（-0.75 D）。多元线性回归评估近视进展与特征之间的关系。结果：基线时各组在年龄、SE或性别方面无显著差异。一年后，与SVL组（-0.71±0.54 D, P < 0.001）相比，DIMS组（-0.47±0.39 D, 33.8%）和mfscl组（-0.39±0.47 D, 45.1%）的近视进展幅度明显较小。进展缓慢者的比例分别为28.40% （svl）、39.81% （DIMS）和51.67% （mfscl）。年龄与DIMS组（β=0.108, P < 0.001）和svl组（β=0.120, P < 0.001）的近视进展相关，但与mfscl组（P=0.776）无关。12岁以下儿童首选mfscl，而DIMS和mfscl对12岁以上高度近视的疗效相当。结论：mfscl和DIMS均有延缓高度近视儿童近视进展的作用。mfscl会让孩子们在12岁之前更好地控制自己；在那之后，它们仍然是一个不错的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of 0.38% and 0.18% sodium hyaluronate ocular lubricants for dry eye: A randomized trial in adult gazan participants 0.38%和0.18%透明质酸钠眼部润滑剂治疗干眼症的疗效：一项加沙成人随机试验

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100586

Mohammed Aljarousha , Ithar Beshtawi , Waleed M. Alghamdi , Noor Ezailina Badarudin , Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin , Muhammad Afzam Shah Abdul Rahim , Mohd Zaki Awg Isa , Fairuz Mohd Nordin , Safaa M. Naes , Emad IH Shaqoura , Siti'Aishah binti Ismail , Nahdiyah Azman , Sara Attaallah , Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot , Ali Riza Cenk Celebi

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of two formulations of lubricant eye drops, containing a gelling agent or not, compared to normal saline. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, three-group, parallel, interventional single-site clinical study.

Methods

Forty-five Gazan participants with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED) were randomized into three groups of 15 participants each. Each group received either normal saline eye drops or lubricant eye drops. For each group, one drop was applied three times a day for six weeks. All participants applied the normal saline solution for the first week. The outcomes assessed were the Arab-ocular surface disease index (Arab-OSDI) scores and clinical tests including tear break-up time test (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and lissamine green conjunctival staining (LGS) at weeks 1, 3, and 6.

Results

Both formulations exhibited a significant improvement in Arab-OSDI scores from visit 2 at follow-up time points (p < 0.001). TBUT, CFS, and LGS showed an improvement in both the SH 0.15% and SH 0.38% groups (p < 0.05). SH 0.38% had a greater improvement in the proportion of evaporative dry eye from visit 2 to visit 5 (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Lubricant eye drops are beneficial for alleviating the symptoms of dry eye. There was no noticeable difference in the effectiveness of these formulations in relieving symptoms and changing any of the objective signs that were assessed. Improved EDE outcomes occurred with SH 0.38% eye drops, observed between visit 2 and visit 5.

目的：本研究旨在评估两种配方的润滑剂滴眼液，含凝胶剂或不含凝胶剂，与生理盐水相比的疗效。这是一项前瞻性、随机、双盲、三组、平行、介入性的单点临床研究。方法：45名患有中度至重度干眼病（DED）的加沙参与者随机分为三组，每组15人。各组分别使用生理盐水滴眼液或润滑剂滴眼液。每一组每天滴一滴，每次三次，持续六周。所有参与者在第一周使用生理盐水溶液。评估的结果是第1,3和6周的阿拉伯-眼表疾病指数（Arab-OSDI）评分和临床测试，包括泪液破裂时间测试（TBUT）、角膜荧光素染色（CFS）和丽丝胺绿结膜染色（LGS）。结果：两种配方在随访时间点的第2次就诊时的阿拉伯- osdi评分均有显著改善（p < 0.001）。TBUT、CFS和LGS在SH 0.15%和SH 0.38%组均有改善（p < 0.05）。从第2次就诊到第5次就诊，SH 0.38%患者的蒸发性干眼症比例有较大改善（p = 0.001）。结论：润滑滴眼液有利于缓解干眼症的症状。这些配方在缓解症状和改变被评估的任何客观体征方面的有效性没有显着差异。在第2次和第5次之间观察到，使用SH 0.38%的滴眼液改善了EDE结果。

{"title":"Efficacy of 0.38% and 0.18% sodium hyaluronate ocular lubricants for dry eye: A randomized trial in adult gazan participants","authors":"Mohammed Aljarousha , Ithar Beshtawi , Waleed M. Alghamdi , Noor Ezailina Badarudin , Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin , Muhammad Afzam Shah Abdul Rahim , Mohd Zaki Awg Isa , Fairuz Mohd Nordin , Safaa M. Naes , Emad IH Shaqoura , Siti'Aishah binti Ismail , Nahdiyah Azman , Sara Attaallah , Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot , Ali Riza Cenk Celebi","doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optom.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the efficacy of two formulations of lubricant eye drops, containing a gelling agent or not, compared to normal saline. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, three-group, parallel, interventional single-site clinical study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-five Gazan participants with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED) were randomized into three groups of 15 participants each. Each group received either normal saline eye drops or lubricant eye drops. For each group, one drop was applied three times a day for six weeks. All participants applied the normal saline solution for the first week. The outcomes assessed were the Arab-ocular surface disease index (Arab-OSDI) scores and clinical tests including tear break-up time test (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and lissamine green conjunctival staining (LGS) at weeks 1, 3, and 6.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both formulations exhibited a significant improvement in Arab-OSDI scores from visit 2 at follow-up time points (<em>p</em> < 0.001). TBUT, CFS, and LGS showed an improvement in both the SH 0.15% and SH 0.38% groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05). SH 0.38% had a greater improvement in the proportion of evaporative dry eye from visit 2 to visit 5 (<em>p</em> = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lubricant eye drops are beneficial for alleviating the symptoms of dry eye. There was no noticeable difference in the effectiveness of these formulations in relieving symptoms and changing any of the objective signs that were assessed. Improved EDE outcomes occurred with SH 0.38% eye drops, observed between visit 2 and visit 5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46407,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optometry","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor concerning “Assessment of binocular vision and accommodation in myopic children wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses for 24 months” 致编辑的信，题目是“戴离焦合并多节段（DIMS）镜片24个月的近视儿童双眼视力和适应评估”。

IF 1.8 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100585

Nir Erdinest, Naama Bura

引用次数: 0