Journal of Optometry最新文献_第7页

Prevalence of refractive errors among school students in Iraq — A systematic review and meta-analysis 伊拉克在校学生屈光不正的患病率 - 系统回顾与荟萃分析

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100534

Hassan A. Aljaberi , I.R. Ali , Zaydoon Tariq M. Noori

Purpose

This research aimed to thoroughly examine and meta-analyse statistical information about the prevalence of refractive error in Iraq.

Methods

To discover every pertinent Iraqi epidemiological study from March 2014 to March 2024, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched and reviewed. The Iraqi refractive error rate was interesting. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software received unprocessed events and sample sizes for effect size calculations.

Results

A meta-analysis was undertaken by pooling data from 10 studies. The fixed effects model indicates an estimated effect size of 29.8% (95% CI: 28.6—30.9%). However, the statistical measures of heterogeneity (Q-value p < 0.001; I2 = 98.707) showed significant heterogeneity among the studies, which indicates that a random-effects model should be used. The random effects model suggests that the prevalence of refractive error in the Iraqi population is predicted to be 27.6% (95% CI: 18.9—38.5%). The most common refractive defect was myopia, found in 35.1% of cases (95% CI: 24.9—46.8%). Astigmatism was the second most prevalent, affecting 32.2% (95% CI: 19.1—49.0%), followed by hyperopia in 23.9% (95% CI: 16.0—34.2%).

Conclusions

Current estimate of refractive error prevalence in Iraq may be conservative of this condition's burden. Nevertheless, this corresponds to a minimum of 8 to 18 million individuals in Iraq who have a refractive error. Due to study variability, wide estimate ranges, and random effects, more research and reliable sources are needed to obtain more accurate results.

目的本研究旨在对伊拉克屈光不正患病率的统计信息进行全面检查和元分析。方法为了发现从 2014 年 3 月至 2024 年 3 月期间伊拉克的所有相关流行病学研究，我们对 Scopus、Science Direct、Google Scholar、Embase、PubMed 和 Cochrane 图书馆进行了搜索和审查。伊拉克的屈光不正率很有意思。综合荟萃分析软件接收了未经处理的事件和样本量，以计算效应大小。结果通过汇集 10 项研究的数据进行了荟萃分析。固定效应模型显示，估计效应大小为 29.8%（95% CI：28.6-30.9%）。然而，异质性统计量度（Q 值 p < 0.001; I2 = 98.707）显示，各研究之间存在显著的异质性，这表明应使用随机效应模型。随机效应模型表明，伊拉克人口的屈光不正患病率预计为 27.6%（95% CI：18.9-38.5%）。最常见的屈光缺陷是近视，占 35.1%（95% CI：24.9-46.8%）。结论目前对伊拉克屈光不正患病率的估计可能对这一疾病的负担有所保守。尽管如此，这相当于伊拉克至少有 800 万到 1800 万人存在屈光不正。由于研究的多变性、估计范围的广泛性以及随机效应，需要更多的研究和可靠的资料来源才能获得更准确的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Longitudinal change in central corneal thickness among primary schoolchildren 小学生角膜中央厚度的纵向变化

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100537

Hassan Hashemi , Mehdi Khabazkhoob , Elham Azizi , Mohammad Hassan Emamian , Akbar Fotouhi

Purpose

To investigate the longitudinal changes in corneal thickness and its contributing factors in primary schoolchildren.

Methods

This study is a part of the Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study, conducted longitudinally in two phases; in 2015 and then in 2018. Participants were tested for uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, biometry, and Scheimpflug corneal imaging.

Results

After applying the exclusion criteria, 8782 eyes from 4432 participants were analysed. Of these, 2309 (52.1%) were male. Average three-year changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal apex thickness were −0.58 (95% CI: −0.94 to −0.22) and −0.59 (95% CI: −0.95 to −0.23) microns, respectively. There was an increase of 8.63 (95% CI: 8.1 to 9.17) microns in the superior corneal thickness after three years while the inferior corneal thickness decreased by an average of −5.75 (95% CI: −6.3 to −5.2) microns. The multiple generalized estimating equation (GEE) model showed that the three-year changes in the CCT were lower in rural than in urban students (β = −1.71; p < 0.001). Moreover, the baseline CCT (β = −0.04; p < 0.001), anterior chamber depth (β = −1.6; p = 0.003), and corneal diameter (β = −1.18; p < 0.001) had a significant inverse association while the body mass index (β = 0.12; p = 0.002) and axial length (β = 0.84; p < 0.001) had a significant direct association with the 3-year changes in CCT. After three years, CCT decreased by advancing age in boys, while remaining almost constant in girls.

Conclusion

The 3-year change in CCT was clinically negligible and could indicate its stability in schoolchildren. However, CCT thinning was more remarkable in urban students.

目的探讨小学生角膜厚度的纵向变化及其影响因素。方法本研究是shahoud学童眼部队列研究的一部分，纵向分为两个阶段；2015年和2018年。受试者接受未矫正视力、最佳矫正视力、睫状体麻痹性屈光、生物测量和Scheimpflug角膜成像测试。结果采用排除标准后，对4432名参与者的8782只眼睛进行了分析。其中男性2309例（52.1%）。角膜中央厚度（CCT）和角膜顶点厚度的三年平均变化分别为- 0.58 （95% CI: - 0.94至- 0.22）和- 0.59 （95% CI: - 0.95至- 0.23）微米。三年后，上角膜厚度增加了8.63 （95% CI: 8.1至9.17）微米，而下角膜厚度平均减少了5.75 （95% CI: - 6.3至- 5.2）微米。多元广义估计方程（GEE）模型显示，农村学生CCT的3年变化低于城市学生(β = - 1.71；p & lt;0.001)。此外，基线CCT (β = - 0.04；p & lt;0.001)，前房深度(β =−1.6；P = 0.003)，角膜直径(β = - 1.18；p & lt;0.001)与体重指数呈显著负相关(β = 0.12；P = 0.002)和轴长(β = 0.84；p & lt;0.001)与CCT的3年变化有显著的直接关联。三年后，有条件现金转移治疗在男孩中随着年龄的增长而减少，而在女孩中几乎保持不变。结论CCT的3年变化在临床上可以忽略不计，可以表明其在学童中的稳定性。然而，城市学生的CCT变薄更为显著。

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of visual acuity: “Counting fingers” and “Hand movement” with the Berkeley Rudimentary Vision Test 视觉敏锐度的量化：“数手指”和“手的运动”与伯克利基本视觉测验

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100531

Alba Herrero , Halima Berrada , Rafael I. Barraquer , Ralph Michael

Purpose

This study aims to compare the results of the Finger Count Test (FCT) for “Counting fingers” (CF) and “Hand movement” (HM) with the visual acuity (VA) obtained from the Berkeley Rudimentary Vision Test (BRVT) in low vision patients with different pathologies.

Methods

Uncorrected visual acuity was estimated using BRVT and using the corresponding CF or HM in 38 low vision patients (VA range between 1.40 and 3.50 logMAR). Detailed ocular pathologies were recorded for each patient. Patients were categorized into two groups: one with severe visual field defects (constrictions of the central visual field or central scotomas) due to any cause and a general group which included all other ocular pathologies.

Results

The mean age was 67 years, with an age range from 26 to 92 years. The General group revealed a median VA of 2.00 logMAR for CF and 2.60 logMAR for HM (p < 0.001). This study showed a large variation of VA from BRVT in the Visual field group and considerable overlap with the VA results for CF and HM; with a median VA of 2.10 logMAR for CF and 2.30 logMAR for HM (p = 0.824).

Conclusion

The VA found in this study for CF confirmed values from earlier studies, while VA for HM was found to be slightly worse. These findings allow a translation of older VA data of CF and HM to logMAR for proper statistical analysis. Patients with central visual field defects showed a large variation of measured VA with BRVT.

目的比较不同病理低视力患者“数指”（CF）和“手部运动”（HM）的手指计数测验（FCT）结果与伯克利基本视力测验（BRVT）的视力（VA）结果。方法对38例低视力患者（VA范围在1.40 ~ 3.50 logMAR之间）采用BRVT和相应的CF或HM进行矫正视力评估。详细记录每位患者的眼部病理。患者被分为两组：一组是由于任何原因导致的严重视野缺陷（中央视野狭窄或中心暗斑），另一组是包括所有其他眼部病变的普通组。结果患者平均年龄67岁，年龄26 ~ 92岁。普通组显示CF的中位VA为2.00 logMAR， HM为2.60 logMAR (p <；0.001)。该研究显示，视野组的VA与BRVT有很大差异，与CF和HM的VA结果有相当大的重叠；CF的中位VA为2.10 logMAR， HM为2.30 logMAR （p = 0.824）。结论本研究中CF的VA值证实了早期研究的值，而HM的VA值稍差。这些发现允许将CF和HM的旧VA数据转换为logMAR进行适当的统计分析。中心视野缺损患者在BRVT中测量的VA差异较大。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in the thickness of the crystalline lens components before and after cycloplegia in children with different refractive errors 不同屈光不正儿童睫状体麻痹前后晶状体成分厚度的变化

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100539

Yongle Bao , Zhirong Zhang , Jian Cao , Yong Ma , Yanze Yu , Zhanying Wang , Lingling Niu , Xiaoying Wang , Xingtao Zhou , Jia Huang , Jing Zhao

Objective

To evaluate changes in the thickness of the crystalline lens components in children with different refractive errors before and after cycloplegia.

Methods and Analysis

This prospective study recruited 132 right eyes from 132 children (age 5–15 years) with different spherical equivalent (SE) ranging from −6.00 diopters (D) to +6.75 D. We categorized these eyes into non-myopia (N = 30), low-myopia (N = 77), and moderate-myopia (N = 25) groups. The thickness parameters of the crystalline lens components, including lens thickness (LT), lens nucleus thickness (LNT), anterior cortex thickness (ACT), and posterior cortex thickness (PCT), were assessed using optical coherence tomography before and after 0.5 % tropicamide-induced cycloplegia.

Results

After cycloplegia, LT significantly decreased from 3.47 ± 0.20 to 3.41 ± 0.20 mm in non-myopia eyes (P < 0.05), and from 3.30 ± 0.17 to 3.27 ± 0.16 mm in low-myopia eyes (P < 0.05), with no significant changes in moderate-myopia eyes (P < 0.05). LNT decreased from 3.15 ± 0.19 to 3.09 ± 0.19 mm in non-myopia eyes (P < 0.05), and from 3.02 ± 0.20 to 2.99 ± 0.17 mm in low-myopia eyes (P < 0.01), with no reduction observed in moderate-myopia eyes (P > 0.05). Cycloplegia-induced changes in ACT and PCT (all P > 0.05) did not differ significantly between the groups. SE was positively correlated with LT and LNT before (Pearson's r = 0.353 and 0.272, respectively; both P < 0.05) and after cycloplegia (r = 0.285 and 0.198, respectively; both P < 0.05).

Conclusions

LT and LNT significantly decreased after cycloplegia induced by 0.5 % tropicamide in children with non-myopia and low-myopia, while neither ACT nor PCT changed significantly. SE was positively correlated with LT and LNT.

目的探讨不同屈光不正儿童睫状体麻痹前后晶状体成分厚度的变化。方法与分析本前瞻性研究从132名5-15岁的儿童中招募了132只右眼，这些儿童的球等效度（SE）在- 6.00屈光度(D)至+6.75 D之间。我们将这些眼睛分为非近视（N = 30）、低近视（N = 77）和中度近视（N = 25）组。采用光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography）评估0.5%热带酰胺致睫状体麻痹前后晶状体成分的厚度参数，包括晶状体厚度（LT）、晶状体核厚度（LNT）、前皮质厚度（ACT）和后皮质厚度（PCT）。结果单眼截瘫后，非近视眼LT由3.47±0.20 mm显著降低至3.41±0.20 mm (P <；低近视眼3.30±0.17 ~ 3.27±0.16 mm (P <；0.05)，中度近视眼无显著变化(P <；0.05)。非近视眼LNT由3.15±0.19 mm降至3.09±0.19 mm (P <；低近视眼为3.02±0.20 ~ 2.99±0.17 mm (P <；0.01)，中度近视眼未见降低(P >；0.05)。单眼瘫痪引起的ACT和PCT的变化(所有P >；0.05)，组间差异不显著。前SE与LT、LNT呈正相关(Pearson’s r分别为0.353、0.272；P <；0.05)和睫状体麻痹后（r分别为0.285和0.198）；P <；0.05)。结论0.5%托品酰胺致儿童非近视和低度近视单眼麻痹后slt和LNT明显降低，而ACT和PCT无显著变化。SE与LT、LNT呈正相关。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness mapping in healthy and keratoconic eyes with two spectral domain optical coherence tomography 用双光谱域光学相干断层扫描评价健康和角膜锥形眼角膜上皮厚度制图的可重复性

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2025.100535

Branka Samolov , Stephanie van de Moosdijk , Abinaya Priya Venkataraman , Alberto Domínguez-Vicent

Purpose

To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness measurements using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and a posterior segment OCT adapted with an anterior module, in subjects with keratoconus and healthy controls.

Methods

A spectral domain AS-OCT (MS-39) and a posterior segment OCT (HS-100) with ASA-1 adaptor were used to measure the corneal epithelial thickness in healthy and keratoconic eyes. Three measurements per participant were taken, and the repeatability was described using the repeatability limit (Rlim), calculated from the within-subject standard deviation.

Results

81 eyes of 81 controls and 80 eyes of 52 keratoconus subjects (43 % cross-linking, and 13 % contact lens users) were included. For the MS-39, the central sector showed the best repeatability for both groups, with Rlim never exceeding 5 μm in any sector. For the HS-100, the best repeatability was obtained for the central sector, with the Rlim never exceeding 7 μm in any of the sectors for the control group and all but one (outer-inferior) in the keratoconus group. The Rlim for the keratoconus group varied <1 μm between contact users/non-users or between eyes with/without a history of CXL. Differences in Rlim were larger than 2 μm in the peripheral horizontal sectors between each sub-group with the HS-100.

Conclusions

Both OCTs showed good epithelial thickness measurement repeatability in all groups, though the repeatability of the HS-100 was mildly lower for keratoconic eyes. Contact lens use and crosslinking history did not affect repeatability. These OCTs effectively measure epithelial thickness in keratoconus patients, which could be helpful in monitoring keratoconus progression.

目的评价前段光学相干断层扫描（AS-OCT）和后段光学相干断层扫描（AS-OCT）对圆锥角膜患者和健康对照者角膜上皮厚度测量的可重复性。方法采用sa谱域AS-OCT （MS-39）和带ASA-1接头的后段OCT （HS-100）分别测量健康眼和角膜闭合眼的角膜上皮厚度。每位受试者进行了三次测量，使用重复性极限（Rlim）描述重复性，从受试者内标准差计算。结果纳入对照组81只眼和52只圆锥角膜患者80只眼，其中交联者43% ，隐形眼镜使用者13% 。对于MS-39，两组的中央扇区均表现出最佳的重复性，任何扇区的Rlim均未超过5 μm。对于HS-100，中央扇区获得了最好的重复性，对照组的任何扇区的Rlim均未超过7 μm，圆锥角膜组的Rlim均未超过7 μm。圆锥角膜组的Rlim在接触者/非接触者或有/没有CXL病史的眼睛之间变化了<；1 μm。各亚组与HS-100在周边水平扇区的Rlim差异均大于2 μm。结论两组oct均显示出良好的上皮厚度测量重复性，但HS-100在角膜锥形眼的重复性略低。使用隐形眼镜和交联历史不影响可重复性。这些oct能有效测量圆锥角膜患者的上皮厚度，有助于监测圆锥角膜的进展。

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引用次数: 0

The correlation between relative peripheral refraction and myopia progression: A commentary on the utility of retinoscopy for peripheral refraction assessment 相对外周屈光与近视进展之间的关系：关于视网膜镜评估外周屈光效用的评论。

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100526

Gladson Joyse Stanly

引用次数: 0

Blue light stimulation of the optic nerve head reduces melatonin levels in rabbit posterior segment 蓝光刺激视神经头可降低兔子后节的褪黑激素水平。

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100525

Carlos Carpena-Torres , Fernando Huete-Toral , Gonzalo Carracedo

引用次数: 0

Visual performance of a new trifocal intraocular lens design evaluated with a clinical adaptative optics visual simulator 使用临床适应性光学视觉模拟器评估新型三焦点眼内透镜设计的视觉性能。

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100527

Anabel Martínez-Espert , Diego Montagud-Martínez , Vicente Ferrando , Salvador García-Delpech , Juan A. Monsoriu , Walter D. Furlan

Objective

The digital transformation of daily routines has increased visual demands, especially at intermediate and near distances. The Devil multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) design was developed to enhance intermediate visual performance. This design is a novel trifocal intraocular lens inspired by the fractal structure known as the 'Devil's staircase'. The aim of this research is to evaluate the visual performance of the Devil MIOL design in real patients.

Methods

The visual acuity defocus curve was obtained from 25 eyes of healthy volunteers using the Visual Adaptive Optics Simulator (VAO, Voptica SL, Murcia, Spain). Additionally, images of optotypes simulating those seen through the Devil MIOL design were captured to qualitatively illustrate optotype perception at different vergence values.

Results

Mean visual acuity values of the evaluation were 0.03 logMAR at 0.00 D vergence, 0.10 logMAR at +1.50 D vergence, and 0.11 logMAR at +3.00 D vergence, corresponding to far (optical infinity), intermediate (66.7 cm), and near foci (33.3 cm), respectively. The experimental outcomes were indeed slightly better than numerical results obtained previously in a model eye.

Conclusions

The Devil MIOL design provides satisfactory visual acuity across three primary foci and produces extended depth of focus between the intermediate and near foci.

目的：日常工作的数字化转型提高了对视觉的要求，尤其是在中近距离。Devil 多焦点眼内透镜（MIOL）的设计旨在提高中距离的视觉表现。这种设计是一种新颖的三焦点眼内透镜，其灵感来自于被称为 "魔鬼阶梯 "的分形结构。本研究的目的是评估 Devil MIOL 设计在实际患者中的视觉表现：方法：使用视觉自适应光学模拟器（VAO，Voptica SL，西班牙穆尔西亚）从 25 名健康志愿者的眼睛中获取视力散焦曲线。此外，还拍摄了模拟通过 Devil MIOL 设计看到的光学图像，以定性地说明不同辐辏值下的光学图像感知：评估的平均视力值分别为：0.00 D辐辏时 0.03 logMAR，+1.50 D辐辏时 0.10 logMAR，+3.00 D辐辏时 0.11 logMAR，分别对应远焦点（光学无穷远）、中焦点（66.7 厘米）和近焦点（33.3 厘米）。实验结果确实略优于之前在模型眼上获得的数值结果：Devil MIOL 的设计为三个主要病灶提供了令人满意的视力，并扩大了中间病灶和近处病灶之间的聚焦深度。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of a vergence-accommodation conflict induced during a 30-minute Virtual Reality game on vergence-accommodation parameters and related symptoms 在 30 分钟的虚拟现实游戏中诱发的辐辏适应冲突对辐辏适应参数和相关症状的影响。

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100524

Maciej Dymczyk, Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk, Zuzanna Kapturek, Paulina Pyżalska

Purpose

The aim of the study was to verify the hypotheses that vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) induced with head-mounted device (HMD) could cause symptoms in relation to changes in the accommodative-vergence system. In order to test this hypothesis, the Virtual Reality (VR) exposures were carried out in two types of VAC: VAC_small and VAC_large.

Method

Eighteen females, with a mean age of 22.5 ± 2.0 years, participated in two 30-minutes sessions with VR, which were separated by at least one week. Two sessions were differentiated by intensity of VAC presented in the VR system (VAC_small and VAC_large). Visual parameters were measured such as associated and dissociated phoria, accommodative response, the near point of convergence (NPC), fusional vergence ranges (FVR) and subjective complaints were measured using Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). The parameters were measured immediately before (Pre-test) and after (Post-test) the VR exposure.

Results

The subjective symptoms as nausea, oculomotor disorders and disorientation increased significantly after 30-minutes of exposure on VAC_large (P<0.05). The associated and dissociated phoria, lag of accommodation, FVR and the NPC did not significantly change after the VR exposure (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Short-term use of HMD (30-min) did not significantly affect accommodative-vergence functions regardless of the size of VAC (VAC_small and VAC_large). However, the level of symptoms increased after VR sessions, which was probably related to inappropriate oculo-vestibular relationship.

目的：本研究旨在验证以下假设：使用头戴式设备（HMD）引起的辐辏-适应冲突（VAC）可能导致与辐辏-适应系统变化有关的症状。为了验证这一假设，我们在两种类型的 VAC（VAC 小和 VAC 大）中进行了虚拟现实（VR）暴露：平均年龄为 22.5 ± 2.0 岁的 18 名女性参加了两次 30 分钟的虚拟现实训练，两次训练至少间隔一周。两节课以 VR 系统中呈现的 VAC 强度（VAC 小和 VAC 大）来区分。测量了视觉参数，如相关和分离幻视、适应反应、近辐辏点（NPC）、融合辐辏范围（FVR），并使用模拟器晕机问卷（SSQ）测量了主观感觉。这些参数分别在模拟器暴露前（前测）和暴露后（后测）进行测量：结果：在 VAClarge 上暴露 30 分钟后，恶心、眼球运动障碍和迷失方向等主观症状明显增加（P0.05）：结论：无论 VAC 大小（VAC 小和 VAC 大）如何，短期使用 HMD（30 分钟）对适应-辐辏功能均无明显影响。然而，VR 治疗后症状水平有所上升，这可能与不恰当的眼-前庭关系有关。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of patient referrals from primary care to ophthalmology. The role of the optometrist 分析从初级保健到眼科的病人转诊情况。验光师的作用

IF 2.2 Q2 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Journal of Optometry

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2024.100521

Rafael Carrasco Solís , María Rosario Rodríguez Griñolo , Beatríz Ponte Zúñiga , Beatriz Mataix Albert , María Leticia LLedó de Villar , Rocío Martínez de Pablos , Enrique Rodríguez de la Rúa Franch

Purpose

The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of primary care referrals of patients to ophthalmology at the Virgen Macarena Hospital in Seville. This will enable us to optimize ophthalmologic resources and to evaluate the role of the optometrist in improving referrals.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional review of 220 ophthalmology consultations referred from primary care to the hospital from March to May 2022.

The following data were extracted: age, sex, reason for consultation, diagnosis, priority level, whether it was an initial consultation or a follow-up visit, whether there was a secondary referral and whether the referral was appropriate. Excel (version 2312) was used for the data analysis.

Results

The age range of the patients was from 3 years to 91 years. The patients were 41.8 % male and 58.2 % female. The conditions found were grouped as follows: cataracts (27.27 %), refractive errors (20.9 %), anterior segment disease (18.8 %), posterior segment disease (14.07 %), normal examination (18.63 %) and others (0.9 %). The most common reason for consultation was blurred vision or loss of vision (43.63 %). In total, 41.36 % of the consultations were considered inappropriate. The age group requiring the highest number of consultations was over 65 years (38.64 %).

Conclusions

With 41.36 percent of referrals deemed unnecessary, it is clear that referrals can be improved. This would reduce strain on the ophthalmology service and improve patient care. The importance of the optometrist in primary care is demonstrated by the fact that 20.9 % of the diagnoses were refractive errors.

目的本研究旨在了解塞维利亚 Virgen Macarena 医院眼科转诊患者的初级保健质量。我们提取了以下数据：年龄、性别、就诊原因、诊断、优先级别、是初诊还是复诊、是否有二次转诊以及转诊是否适当。数据分析使用 Excel（2312 版）。男性占 41.8%，女性占 58.2%。发现的疾病分为以下几类：白内障（27.27%）、屈光不正（20.9%）、前节疾病（18.8%）、后节疾病（14.07%）、正常检查（18.63%）和其他（0.9%）。最常见的就诊原因是视力模糊或视力下降（43.63%）。总共有 41.36% 的咨询被认为是不适当的。需要就诊人数最多的年龄组是 65 岁以上（38.64%）。这将减轻眼科服务的压力，改善对患者的护理。20.9%的诊断结果为屈光不正，这说明了验光师在初级保健中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0