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Dance-specific Aerobic Fitness Test (DAFT) Heart Rate Variables are not Associated with Lower-Extremity Injuries in Contemporary Dance Students.
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X251320698
Annemiek Tiemens, Larissa A Plaatsman, Rogier M van Rijn, Bart W Koes, Janine H Stubbe

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to examine if dance-specific aerobic fitness test (DAFT) heart rate variables were associated to lower-extremity injuries in contemporary dance students.

Methods: A total of 235 first-year contemporary dance students (18.6 ± 1.2 years) were prospectively followed over the first 4 months of their academic year. Peak heart rate (HRpeak) in the final stage of the DAFT and heart rate recovery (HRR) 1 minute after DAFT completion were measured. Lower-extremity injuries were registered using a self-reported monthly questionnaire including the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H). Three injury definitions were used (all-complaint injury, substantial injury, and time-loss injury). Associations between DAFT HRpeak, HRR and lower-extremity injury prevalence and severity were examined with regression analyses.

Results: Lower-extremity injury prevalence was 36.2% (n = 85), 13.6% (n = 32), and 22.6% (n = 53) for all-complaint, substantial and time-loss injuries, respectively. There were no significant associations between HRpeak or HRR and injury prevalence using either of the 3 injury definitions. There were no significant associations between DAFT HRpeak or HRR and injury severity (days off due to injury or OSTRC-H severity score). Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between age and substantial injuries (OR 1.807; 95% CI 1.242-2.630; P < .01) and between age and time-loss injuries (OR 1.441; 95% CI 1.074-1.933; P < .05).

Conclusion: Aerobic fitness measured with the DAFT was not associated with lower-extremity injury risk or injury severity. Higher age was associated with substantial and time-loss lower-extremity injuries.

{"title":"Dance-specific Aerobic Fitness Test (DAFT) Heart Rate Variables are not Associated with Lower-Extremity Injuries in Contemporary Dance Students.","authors":"Annemiek Tiemens, Larissa A Plaatsman, Rogier M van Rijn, Bart W Koes, Janine H Stubbe","doi":"10.1177/1089313X251320698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089313X251320698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of the study was to examine if dance-specific aerobic fitness test (DAFT) heart rate variables were associated to lower-extremity injuries in contemporary dance students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 235 first-year contemporary dance students (18.6 ± 1.2 years) were prospectively followed over the first 4 months of their academic year. Peak heart rate (HR<sub>peak</sub>) in the final stage of the DAFT and heart rate recovery (HRR) 1 minute after DAFT completion were measured. Lower-extremity injuries were registered using a self-reported monthly questionnaire including the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H). Three injury definitions were used (all-complaint injury, substantial injury, and time-loss injury). Associations between DAFT HR<sub>peak</sub>, HRR and lower-extremity injury prevalence and severity were examined with regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower-extremity injury prevalence was 36.2% (n = 85), 13.6% (n = 32), and 22.6% (n = 53) for all-complaint, substantial and time-loss injuries, respectively. There were no significant associations between HR<sub>peak</sub> or HRR and injury prevalence using either of the 3 injury definitions. There were no significant associations between DAFT HR<sub>peak</sub> or HRR and injury severity (days off due to injury or OSTRC-H severity score). Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between age and substantial injuries (OR 1.807; 95% CI 1.242-2.630; <i>P</i> < .01) and between age and time-loss injuries (OR 1.441; 95% CI 1.074-1.933; <i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aerobic fitness measured with the DAFT was not associated with lower-extremity injury risk or injury severity. Higher age was associated with substantial and time-loss lower-extremity injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":46421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dance Medicine & Science","volume":" ","pages":"1089313X251320698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pilot Study of Bone Turnover Biomarkers, Diet, and Exercise in Elite Female Ballet Dancers.
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X251315812
Francesca Bladt, Yurgita Ruslanovna Varaeva, Greg John Retter, Alan Courtney, Paul Adrian Hunter Holloway, Gary Frost, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Jacqueline Birtwisle, Ian Frederick Ronald Beasley, Alison Hazel McGregor, Richard Leslie Abel

Introduction: Elite ballet is one of the most demanding physical activities for the skeleton, making dancers susceptible to bone stress injuries. This pilot study compared bone remodeling in professional female ballet dancers from the Royal Ballet Company with controls from Imperial College London. Methods: The study included dancers (n = 5, median age 29 ± 16 years) and controls (n = 6, median age 24 ± 8.5 years). The main outcome measure was bone turnover, assessed by measuring the ratio of resorption (NTX) and formation (P1NP) markers in urine and serum. Estrogen metabolism was evaluated through 2OH/16OH metabolite ratios. Both markers were measured using ELISA kits. Diet was tracked using 72-hour diaries, and weekly exercise hours were recorded through 2-week diaries and cross referenced with training logs. Results: Results showed significantly higher bone resorption to formation ratio (NTX/P1NP) in dancers versus controls (P < .050), and elevated estrogen metabolite ratios (2OH/16OH) (P < .010). These findings occurred despite similar dietary profiles between groups including fat (P = .874) carbohydrate (P = .501) and protein (P = .099). Dancers showed significantly higher weekly exercise hours (46.50 ± 38.75 vs 14.75 ± 11.75 hours/week, P < .001) and lower BMI (18.36 ± 1.35 vs 20.77 ± 3.66, P = .020). Conclusions: The pilot data suggest elite ballet dancers may exhibit an imbalance in bone remodeling with high resorption and low formation relative to controls. This imbalance in bone turnover markers could serve as a screening tool for identifying dancers at increased risk of bone stress injuries. The NTX/P1NP ratio could potentially offer a low-cost, non-invasive approach to identify at-risk dancers early and implement preventative measures. Further research and longitudinal trials are needed to test whether these markers can predict bone stress injury risk.

{"title":"Pilot Study of Bone Turnover Biomarkers, Diet, and Exercise in Elite Female Ballet Dancers.","authors":"Francesca Bladt, Yurgita Ruslanovna Varaeva, Greg John Retter, Alan Courtney, Paul Adrian Hunter Holloway, Gary Frost, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Jacqueline Birtwisle, Ian Frederick Ronald Beasley, Alison Hazel McGregor, Richard Leslie Abel","doi":"10.1177/1089313X251315812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089313X251315812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Elite ballet is one of the most demanding physical activities for the skeleton, making dancers susceptible to bone stress injuries. This pilot study compared bone remodeling in professional female ballet dancers from the Royal Ballet Company with controls from Imperial College London. <b>Methods:</b> The study included dancers (n = 5, median age 29 ± 16 years) and controls (n = 6, median age 24 ± 8.5 years). The main outcome measure was bone turnover, assessed by measuring the ratio of resorption (NTX) and formation (P1NP) markers in urine and serum. Estrogen metabolism was evaluated through 2OH/16OH metabolite ratios. Both markers were measured using ELISA kits. Diet was tracked using 72-hour diaries, and weekly exercise hours were recorded through 2-week diaries and cross referenced with training logs. <b>Results:</b> Results showed significantly higher bone resorption to formation ratio (NTX/P1NP) in dancers versus controls (<i>P</i> < .050), and elevated estrogen metabolite ratios (2OH/16OH) (<i>P</i> < .010). These findings occurred despite similar dietary profiles between groups including fat (<i>P</i> = .874) carbohydrate (<i>P</i> = .501) and protein (<i>P</i> = .099). Dancers showed significantly higher weekly exercise hours (46.50 ± 38.75 vs 14.75 ± 11.75 hours/week, <i>P</i> < .001) and lower BMI (18.36 ± 1.35 vs 20.77 ± 3.66, <i>P</i> = .020). <b>Conclusions:</b> The pilot data suggest elite ballet dancers may exhibit an imbalance in bone remodeling with high resorption and low formation relative to controls. This imbalance in bone turnover markers could serve as a screening tool for identifying dancers at increased risk of bone stress injuries. The NTX/P1NP ratio could potentially offer a low-cost, non-invasive approach to identify at-risk dancers early and implement preventative measures. Further research and longitudinal trials are needed to test whether these markers can predict bone stress injury risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":46421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dance Medicine & Science","volume":" ","pages":"1089313X251315812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increased Leap Performance With No Change to Knee-Drop Landing Kinetics, Following a Verbal Cueing Intervention.
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X251318544
Laura Flanagan, Edel Quin, Neal Smith

Introduction: Knee-drop landings following a dance leap are often used in contemporary dance choreography, but there is limited research into the biomechanical demands of these types of landing. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a verbal cueing intervention on the performance and kinetics of a common knee-drop landing in contemporary trained dance students. Method: Pre-vocational dance students participated in this study (n = 8). A quasi-experimental research design was followed to collect kinematic and kinetic data using 3D motion capture and force plates following the take-off and during a knee-drop landing of a contemporary dance style leap pre and post a verbal cueing intervention. Performance variables analysed were jump height and flight time, while kinetic variables included vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) and loading rates. Results: A statistically significant increase in jump height and flight time was found post intervention; There was no significant difference between pre and post intervention for peak vGRFs at foot or knee impact or loading rate of the whole landing phase. Conclusion: The verbal cueing intervention was successful in increasing flight time and jump height, indicating optimised performance. The lack of significant difference in peak vGRFs and loading rate in the landing phase implies that the intervention did not have a detrimental effect on musculoskeletal loading. These findings demonstrate the positive influence of a verbal cue which focusses on increasing flight time and opposing the landing for enhancing the execution of a dance leap without negatively affecting the forces being experienced in the knee-drop landing that followed. However, it should be noted that the small sample size and lack of a control group in this study may limit the reliability of findings and mean that the generalizability of these findings should interpreted with caution.

{"title":"Increased Leap Performance With No Change to Knee-Drop Landing Kinetics, Following a Verbal Cueing Intervention.","authors":"Laura Flanagan, Edel Quin, Neal Smith","doi":"10.1177/1089313X251318544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089313X251318544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Knee-drop landings following a dance leap are often used in contemporary dance choreography, but there is limited research into the biomechanical demands of these types of landing. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a verbal cueing intervention on the performance and kinetics of a common knee-drop landing in contemporary trained dance students. <b>Method:</b> Pre-vocational dance students participated in this study (n = 8). A quasi-experimental research design was followed to collect kinematic and kinetic data using 3D motion capture and force plates following the take-off and during a knee-drop landing of a contemporary dance style leap pre and post a verbal cueing intervention. Performance variables analysed were jump height and flight time, while kinetic variables included vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) and loading rates. <b>Results:</b> A statistically significant increase in jump height and flight time was found post intervention; There was no significant difference between pre and post intervention for peak vGRFs at foot or knee impact or loading rate of the whole landing phase. <b>Conclusion:</b> The verbal cueing intervention was successful in increasing flight time and jump height, indicating optimised performance. The lack of significant difference in peak vGRFs and loading rate in the landing phase implies that the intervention did not have a detrimental effect on musculoskeletal loading. These findings demonstrate the positive influence of a verbal cue which focusses on increasing flight time and opposing the landing for enhancing the execution of a dance leap without negatively affecting the forces being experienced in the knee-drop landing that followed. However, it should be noted that the small sample size and lack of a control group in this study may limit the reliability of findings and mean that the generalizability of these findings should interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":46421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dance Medicine & Science","volume":" ","pages":"1089313X251318544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of Patients With Dance-Related Injuries Presenting to Medical Staff at Breaking Competitions in the United States, 2021-2023.
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X251317592
Joshua Honrado, Scott Lee, Aaron Ngor, TeeJay Lee, Soutrik Mandal

Introduction: There is a dearth of dance-related injury epidemiology within the breaking competition setting. Breaking injury surveillance data has predominantly been collected retrospectively at healthcare facilities or through survey research. Methods: Medical staff were available at 6 breaking competitions between 2021 and 2023 to provide musculoskeletal care and triage. In addition to consent of treatment, participants provided their age, gender, and injured body area(s), symptom onset, and description. A total of 157 patient reports were obtained, de-identified, and utilized for comparative frequency and logistic regression analysis. Results: The most common body areas that breakers sought care for were: 39% (n = 61) shoulder, 32% (n = 51) neck, 32% (n = 50) lower back, and 25% (n = 40) upper back. The majority of injuries 61% (n = 95) occurred >3 months prior to competition. The most common descriptions of injury were: 57% (n = 89) tightness, 46% (n = 73) pain, and 33% (n = 52) soreness. Logistic regression analysis revealed that: older patients have higher odds of experiencing the issue during or before the competition (P-value = .003); and that age was the only variable that was borderline statistically significant for hip injury (P-value = .055). Conclusion: The highest frequency of dance-related injury within a breaking competition setting cohort was found to be in the shoulder, neck, and back. The highest frequency of injury description were tightness, pain, and soreness. There was a large frequency of chronic injuries that were seen, and older patients were found to have a higher odds of experiencing and seeking medical treatment for a chronic injury. Access to injury management services and education for the shoulder, neck, and back should be provided at breaking competitions to improve health outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level 4.

{"title":"Epidemiology of Patients With Dance-Related Injuries Presenting to Medical Staff at Breaking Competitions in the United States, 2021-2023.","authors":"Joshua Honrado, Scott Lee, Aaron Ngor, TeeJay Lee, Soutrik Mandal","doi":"10.1177/1089313X251317592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089313X251317592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> There is a dearth of dance-related injury epidemiology within the breaking competition setting. Breaking injury surveillance data has predominantly been collected retrospectively at healthcare facilities or through survey research. <b>Methods:</b> Medical staff were available at 6 breaking competitions between 2021 and 2023 to provide musculoskeletal care and triage. In addition to consent of treatment, participants provided their age, gender, and injured body area(s), symptom onset, and description. A total of 157 patient reports were obtained, de-identified, and utilized for comparative frequency and logistic regression analysis. <b>Results:</b> The most common body areas that breakers sought care for were: 39% (n = 61) shoulder, 32% (n = 51) neck, 32% (n = 50) lower back, and 25% (n = 40) upper back. The majority of injuries 61% (n = 95) occurred >3 months prior to competition. The most common descriptions of injury were: 57% (n = 89) tightness, 46% (n = 73) pain, and 33% (n = 52) soreness. Logistic regression analysis revealed that: older patients have higher odds of experiencing the issue during or before the competition (<i>P</i>-value = .003); and that age was the only variable that was borderline statistically significant for hip injury (<i>P</i>-value = .055). <b>Conclusion:</b> The highest frequency of dance-related injury within a breaking competition setting cohort was found to be in the shoulder, neck, and back. The highest frequency of injury description were tightness, pain, and soreness. There was a large frequency of chronic injuries that were seen, and older patients were found to have a higher odds of experiencing and seeking medical treatment for a chronic injury. Access to injury management services and education for the shoulder, neck, and back should be provided at breaking competitions to improve health outcomes. <b>Level of Evidence:</b> Level 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":46421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dance Medicine & Science","volume":" ","pages":"1089313X251317592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Injury Prevention Strategies in Dance: A Systematic Review.
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X251314987
Meghan L Critchley, Ebonie Rio, Kenzie B Friesen, Anu M Räisänen, Sarah J Kenny, Carolyn A Emery

Background: Dance is a popular activity worldwide that comes with inherently high injury rates. Despite the call for implementation and evaluation of injury prevention strategies, the utility and efficacy of injury prevention practices in dance are unknown. Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review was to describe dance-specific injury prevention strategies in any dance population. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in the reduction of injury prevalence or incidence rates. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched to March 2024 (Medline, EMBASE, SportDiscus, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane). Selected studies met a priori inclusion criteria that required original data describing an injury prevention strategy for any genre of dance. Studies were excluded if; no injury outcomes were reported, no injury prevention strategy was utilized, or if dance was used as a therapeutic intervention/fitness. Two reviewers independently assessed abstracts and full texts for inclusion. Study quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Level of Evidence tool. Results: From 2209 potentially relevant records, 8 studies met criteria for inclusion. Injury prevention strategies were diverse across conditioning and exercise programs, neuromuscular training warm-up, psychological coping skills training, and educational programs, with a range of duration and adherence measures. Due to inconsistent injury surveillance methodology, efficacy of these programs could not be determined. Quality of included studies was moderate to high, with moderate to low risk of bias. Conclusions: Efficacy and adherence to dance-specific injury prevention strategies are understudied in the dance science literature. Conditioning and exercise programs are currently the most common injury prevention strategies, with initial evidence suggesting they may be efficacious in reducing injury rates. Further research using valid injury surveillance methodologies and standardized injury definitions to examine the efficacy of these strategies in reducing dance-related injury is needed. Level of evidence: I.

{"title":"Injury Prevention Strategies in Dance: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Meghan L Critchley, Ebonie Rio, Kenzie B Friesen, Anu M Räisänen, Sarah J Kenny, Carolyn A Emery","doi":"10.1177/1089313X251314987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089313X251314987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Dance is a popular activity worldwide that comes with inherently high injury rates. Despite the call for implementation and evaluation of injury prevention strategies, the utility and efficacy of injury prevention practices in dance are unknown. <b>Objective:</b> The primary objective of this systematic review was to describe dance-specific injury prevention strategies in any dance population. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in the reduction of injury prevalence or incidence rates. <b>Methods:</b> Six electronic databases were searched to March 2024 (Medline, EMBASE, SportDiscus, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane). Selected studies met a priori inclusion criteria that required original data describing an injury prevention strategy for any genre of dance. Studies were excluded if; no injury outcomes were reported, no injury prevention strategy was utilized, or if dance was used as a therapeutic intervention/fitness. Two reviewers independently assessed abstracts and full texts for inclusion. Study quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Level of Evidence tool. <b>Results:</b> From 2209 potentially relevant records, 8 studies met criteria for inclusion. Injury prevention strategies were diverse across conditioning and exercise programs, neuromuscular training warm-up, psychological coping skills training, and educational programs, with a range of duration and adherence measures. Due to inconsistent injury surveillance methodology, efficacy of these programs could not be determined. Quality of included studies was moderate to high, with moderate to low risk of bias. <b>Conclusions:</b> Efficacy and adherence to dance-specific injury prevention strategies are understudied in the dance science literature. Conditioning and exercise programs are currently the most common injury prevention strategies, with initial evidence suggesting they may be efficacious in reducing injury rates. Further research using valid injury surveillance methodologies and standardized injury definitions to examine the efficacy of these strategies in reducing dance-related injury is needed. <b>Level of evidence:</b> I.</p>","PeriodicalId":46421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dance Medicine & Science","volume":" ","pages":"1089313X251314987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuromuscular Strategies in Dominant and Non-Dominant Legs in Dancers During Dynamic Balance Tasks. 舞者在动态平衡任务中优势腿和非优势腿的神经肌肉策略。
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X241309781
Iseul Jo, Eun-Ji Hong, Hye-Won Yoon, Younha Ma, Sae-Yong Lee, Hae-Dong Lee

Introduction: Ballet-based dance training emphasizes the equal development of both legs. However, dancers often perceive differences between their legs during balance or landing. There still needs to be more consensus on the functional difference between dominant (D) and non-dominant legs (ND). Therefore, this study investigated both legs' neuromuscular strategy in single-leg balance and landing based on leg dominance. Methods: Thirteen female dancers (age: 22.2 ± 2.8 years) with no history of ankle injuries in the past year participated in the study. Based on the questionnaire, the dominant leg was set, which legs were preferred to balance, generate strength, and land. Joint kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) were analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates during single-leg balance (SLB), passé balance (PB), sissone simple (SS), and sissone ouverte (SO). The tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), peroneus longus (PL), and gluteus medius (GM) activation were measured by wireless surface electromyography (EMG). Displacement (cm) of the center of pressure and the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI), a balanced score post dynamic tasks, were calculated. Results: Bilateral leg balance ability was observed based on joint kinematics and DPSI during SLB, PB, SS, and SO. Higher TA activity was noted during PB in ND legs than in D legs (P = .038). PL activation was significantly increased in ND legs (69.3 ± 34.4%) than in D legs (45.6 ± 19.2%) before contact during SS and SO (P < .05). After landing with ND legs, dancers regulated postural stability with increasing TA activation (P < .05). Conclusions: Pre-activation of PL before landing with ND legs increases ankle stiffness, enhancing stability. Conversely, D legs achieve balance with lower activation levels. The findings highlight significant differences between legs in dancers, suggesting that leg dominance should be considered in future training and performance strategies.

简介:以芭蕾为基础的舞蹈训练强调双腿的平等发展。然而,舞者在保持平衡或落地时,往往会感觉到两腿之间的差异。关于优势腿(D)和非优势腿(ND)之间的功能差异仍需要更多的共识。因此,本研究基于腿优势研究了双腿在单腿平衡和落地时的神经肌肉策略。方法:选取近一年内无踝关节损伤史的舞蹈演员13名,年龄22.2±2.8岁。根据问卷,确定优势腿,哪条腿更倾向于平衡、产生力量和落地。采用三维运动分析系统和力板,分析了单腿平衡(SLB)、过路平衡(PB)、简单sis松平衡(SS)和全面sis松平衡(SO)时的关节运动学和地面反作用力(GRF)。采用无线表面肌电图(EMG)测量胫骨前肌(TA)、腓肠肌内侧肌(MG)、腓骨长肌(PL)和臀中肌(GM)的激活情况。计算压力中心位移(cm)和动态任务后平衡评分动态姿势稳定指数(DPSI)。结果:在SLB, PB, SS和SO期间,根据关节运动学和DPSI观察双侧腿平衡能力。ND组PB时TA活性高于D组(P = 0.038)。在SS和SO接触前,ND腿的PL激活(69.3±34.4%)明显高于D腿(45.6±19.2%)。结论:ND腿着地前预激活PL可增加踝关节僵硬度,增强稳定性。相反,D型腿通过较低的激活水平达到平衡。研究结果强调了舞者腿之间的显著差异,表明在未来的训练和表演策略中应该考虑腿部优势。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency of Upper Body Muscular Demands in Contemporary and Ballet Dance Performance: A Cross Sectional Performance Analysis. 现代舞和芭蕾舞表演中上身肌肉需求频率的横断面分析。
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X251313664
Claire Farmer, James Brouner

Introduction: There is currently little research relating specifically to the muscular strength and endurance requirements of the upper body such as lifts at varying heights, ground floor contact with the hands and inversions such as handstands. Enhanced understanding of muscular demands can inform training program design to build physical tolerance to meet the demand of the activity. The aim of this study was to ascertain the frequency of upper body muscular skills in contemporary and ballet dance performance. Methods: Analysis of 46 individual ballet performers (F = 23, M = 23) from 12 performances (duration 63.5 ± 44.5 minutes) and 44 individual contemporary performers (F = 21, M = 23) from 12 performances (duration 35.7 ± 4.3 minutes) was carried out. Frequency of upper body skills was recorded using Dartfish Easytag-Note and converted to mean frequency per minute of total performance and per performance by genre and by sex. Differences in frequency between genre were analyzed via Mann-Whitney U. Phase two analyzed differences between sex via Mann-Whitney U. Finally, analysis of differences between sex within dance genre was carried out via Wilcoxon signed rank test. Significance was accepted at P < .05. Results: A significant difference was apparent between ballet and contemporary dance for holding own weight (P < .05) with a greater total mean frequency within contemporary performances of 8.50 ± 9.03 compared to a total mean frequency of 1.51 ± 3.13 within ballet performances. Additionally, there was a significant difference for above shoulder assisted lift (P < .05) when comparing male dancers, with male contemporary dancers carrying out significantly more (9.82 ± 8.56) per performance than male ballet dancers (2.33 ± 4.66). A higher mean frequency of below shoulder lifts than above shoulder lifts was also noted, with the majority of above shoulder lifts remaining at eye level. Conclusion: Training programs must prepare dancers for upper body movements that consider differing biomechanical demands of a variety of lifts and inversions.

导读:目前很少有研究专门涉及肌肉力量和上半身的耐力要求,如在不同高度的升降机,地面接触的手和倒立等倒立。加强对肌肉需求的了解可以为训练计划的设计提供信息,以建立身体的耐受性,以满足活动的需求。本研究的目的是确定上肢肌肉技巧在现代舞和芭蕾舞表演中的频率。方法:对12场演出(时长63.5±44.5分钟)的46名芭蕾舞个体演员(F = 23, M = 23)和12场演出(时长35.7±4.3分钟)的44名当代个体演员(F = 21, M = 23)进行分析。使用Dartfish Easytag-Note记录上肢技巧的频率,并按类型和性别转换为总表演和每场表演的平均每分钟频率。第二阶段通过Mann-Whitney u分析性别之间的差异。最后,通过Wilcoxon符号秩检验分析舞蹈类型内部的性别差异。结果:芭蕾舞和现代舞在保持自身重量方面有明显的差异(P结论:训练计划必须为舞者的上半身运动做好准备,考虑到不同的生物力学要求的各种举和倒抬。
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引用次数: 0
Pointe Assessment Screen Shah Edison (PASSE) for Pointe Readiness: A Pilot Study. 点评估筛选Shah Edison (PASSE)点准备:一项试点研究。
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X241307736
Selina Shah, Jacquelyn Valenzuela-Moss, Dana Sheng, Tishya A L Wren, Tracy Zaslow, Bianca Edison

Introduction: As demanding as dancing en pointe is, no universal standard exists to determine when a ballet dancer is ready to advance to this next level. The goal of this study was to provide preliminarily tested and reliable guidelines for a screening tool that can be used to determine (1) if a dancer is ready for pointe, (2) reasons why a dancer may not be ready, and (3) areas for improvement to guide training and preparation. Methods: Participants: Seventeen dancers aged 9 to 17 years with a minimum 4 years of ballet and who were either possibly ready for pointe or had been in pointe class less than 3 months participated in this study. Study Design: Dancers were prospectively assessed by two physicians using the Pointe Assessment Screening Shah Edison (PASSÉ) tool for assessing pointe readiness. Interrater reliability and the relationship of individual tests to overall pointe readiness were evaluated using descriptive statistics, kappa, diagnostic metrics, and logistic regression. Setting: Private practice office; ballet studios. Results: There was 94% agreement among raters in determining overall pointe readiness, and individual tests all had significant interrater agreement ranging from 62% to 97% (P ≤ .04). Ankle plantarflexion >90° (100%), stability in grand plié (100%), and holding relevé (96%) had the highest sensitivity for overall readiness, indicating their necessity to advance to pointe. The tests with greatest specificity for identifying lack of readiness were relevé passé (72%), sauté (72%), and airplane (69%). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary testing of a reliable screening tool, the PASSÉ screen, which can be utilized to determine pointe readiness with excellent interrater agreement for the overall pass/fail and significant agreement for tests that contribute to readiness. At minimum, dancers must be able to pass the grand plié, ankle plantar flexion, and relevé tests. Also passing the sauté, relevé passé, and airplane tests indicates high likelihood of readiness.

导语:尽管足尖舞要求很高,但并没有统一的标准来确定一个芭蕾舞者何时准备好进入下一个阶段。本研究的目的是为筛选工具提供初步测试和可靠的指导方针,该工具可用于确定(1)舞者是否准备好了脚尖,(2)舞者可能没有准备好的原因,以及(3)指导训练和准备的改进领域。方法:参与者:17名年龄在9到17岁之间的舞者,至少有4年的芭蕾舞经验,他们要么已经准备好了足尖,要么已经在足尖课上了不到3个月的时间参与了这项研究。研究设计:舞者由两名医生使用足尖评估筛查Shah Edison (PASSÉ)工具进行前瞻性评估,以评估足尖准备情况。使用描述性统计、kappa、诊断指标和逻辑回归来评估评分者的信度和个别测试与整体点位准备的关系。环境:私人执业办公室;芭蕾工作室。结果:评分者在确定整体点准备度方面有94%的一致性,个别测试均有显著的评分者间一致性,范围为62%至97% (P≤0.04)。踝关节跖屈bbb90°(100%),大髋部稳定性(100%)和保持相关性(96%)对整体准备程度的敏感度最高,表明他们有必要前进到足尖。识别准备不足特异性最强的测试是相关飞机(72%)、飞机(72%)和飞机(69%)。结论:本研究提供了一种可靠的筛选工具PASSÉ筛选的初步测试,该筛选可用于确定点准备情况,对总体通过/不通过具有出色的解释器一致性,并且对有助于准备的测试具有重要的一致性。至少,舞者必须能够通过大脚掌、踝关节跖屈和相关测试。此外,通过飞行测试、相关飞行测试和飞机测试表明,准备就绪的可能性很高。
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引用次数: 0
Limb Symmetry Index in Collegiate Dancers Using the Modified Star Excursion Balance Test and Single Leg Hops. 利用修正星偏移平衡测试和单腿跳测定大学生舞者肢体对称指数。
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X241304014
Kelley R Wiese, Jatin P Ambegaonkar, Jena Hansen-Honeycutt

Introduction: Dance is physically demanding and often involves unilateral movements performed within a small base of support. Prior authors have reported that dancers use one leg preferentially over the other (ie, lower extremity asymmetry). Increased leg asymmetry-quantified using the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI), is associated with increased injury risk. Clinicians often use LSI to make return-to-performance decisions (eg, >85% performance on injured vs non-injured limb). However, limited research has examined leg symmetry in collegiate dancers. Purpose: To examine LSI in collegiate dancers using the modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT) and single-leg hop test (SLH). Methods: 120 healthy collegiate dancers (105 females, 15 males; 18.31 ± 0.80 years; 164.18 ± 7.12 cm; 61.18 ± 8.46 kg) performed the mSEBT (normalized to % leg-length: LL) in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions and the SLH test (normalized to % body height: BH) across both legs using previously published guidelines. mSEBT scores were averaged for all three directions per leg. SLH scores were averaged per leg. LSI was calculated as (lower value/higher value) × 100 to obtain a percentage. Results: Mean mSEBT scores were 95.7 ± 14.2%LL (lower score) and 96.6 ± 14.3%LL (higher score). Dancers LSI for mSEBT was 99.1 ± 0.9%. Mean SLH scores were 82.8 ± 13.3%BH (lower score) and 86.4 ± 13.5%BH (higher score). Dancers LSI for SLH was 95.9 ± 3.5%. Conclusions: Dancers' LSI% was greater than 90% for mSEBT and SLH, concurrent with the normal values of LSI > 90% in healthy, physically active adults. Dancers displayed lower leg symmetry. Practitioners can thus use the contralateral leg as a reference for return-to-performance decisions following injury in dancers. LSI should be integrated into a comprehensive screening process to identify large (>85%) asymmetries and guide training programs post-injury to assist educators and practitioners' evidence-based return-to-performance decisions. Future researchers should examine LSI in other dance genres and across levels.Level of Evidence: 2C.

舞蹈对身体的要求很高,通常需要在一个小的支撑基础上进行单方面的动作。先前的作者曾报道,舞者优先使用一条腿而不是另一条腿(即下肢不对称)。使用肢体对称指数(LSI)量化的腿部不对称增加与受伤风险增加有关。临床医生经常使用LSI来做出恢复性能的决定(例如,受伤肢体与未受伤肢体的性能对比为bb0 - 85%)。然而,对大学舞者腿部对称性的研究有限。目的:采用改进的星形偏移平衡测试(mSEBT)和单腿跳测试(SLH)检测大学生舞者的LSI。方法:120名健康大学生舞蹈演员(女105名,男15名;18.31±0.80岁;164.18±7.12 cm;61.18±8.46 kg)在前、后内侧和后外侧方向进行mSEBT(归一化为%腿长:LL),并根据先前发表的指南在两条腿上进行SLH测试(归一化为%身高:BH)。每条腿的三个方向的mSEBT得分均为平均值。平均每条腿的SLH评分。LSI按(低值/高值)× 100计算得到百分比。结果:mSEBT平均评分为95.7±14.2%(低分)和96.6±14.3%(高分)。舞者对mSEBT的LSI为99.1±0.9%。平均SLH评分为82.8±13.3%BH(低分)和86.4±13.5%BH(高分)。SLH患者的LSI为95.9±3.5%。结论:舞蹈者mSEBT和SLH的LSI%大于90%,同时健康、体力活动的成年人的LSI%大于90%。舞者展示了小腿对称。因此,从业者可以使用对侧腿作为舞者受伤后恢复表演决策的参考。LSI应该整合到一个全面的筛选过程中,以识别大的(bb0 - 85%)不对称,并指导受伤后的培训计划,以帮助教育者和从业者基于证据的恢复性能决策。未来的研究人员应该研究LSI在其他舞蹈类型和跨水平。证据等级:2C。
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引用次数: 0
10-Week Ballroom Dance Program Improves Mood and Influences Health-Related Elements in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults. 10周交际舞项目改善健康中年人的情绪并影响健康相关因素
IF 1.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/1089313X241302358
Kaori Hirahara, Misaki Matsunaga, Kana Hirayama, Takuma Matsunami, Kosuke Fukao

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyles remain a persistent health issue in Japan. Ballroom dancing has recently gained attention as a potential means of maintaining physical activity, but there are very few reports on Japanese subjects. Exploratory research is therefore needed to investigate the effects of ballroom dancing on the physical and mental health of sedentary middle-aged Japanese adults. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ballroom dancing on various health-related physical and psychological outcomes in middle-aged adults compared to a control group. Methods: A parallel-group study was carried out. Thirty healthy but inactive middle-aged adults with no previous dance experience were divided into 2 groups: an intervention group which participated in a recreational level ballroom dance program for 10 weeks (60 minutes, once per week) and a control group which had no dance lessons. Subjects completed questionnaires regarding subjective mood changes and daily physical activity. Objective measures of physical fitness, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and autonomic nervous system function were also assessed before (T0) and after 10 weeks (T11) of dance practice. Results: In the subjective questionnaire, the Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS®2) survey, one of the health-related indicators, T-scores of the Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) after the intervention showed a difference (P = .014) between the dance group and the control group. In post hoc tests, increases of autonomic activity and number of days of high-intensity physical activity correlated positively with a reduction in TMD in the dance group. Conclusion: Among inactive middle-aged adults, participation in weekly ballroom dance lessons for 10 weeks improved their psychological mood compared to a control group. The improvement was found to have the positive effects of activating autonomic nervous system activity and increasing high-intensity physical activity. The results suggest that ballroom dancing may be effective in improving exercise habits and physical and mental health.

在日本,久坐不动的生活方式一直是一个健康问题。最近,交际舞作为一种保持身体活动的潜在手段引起了人们的关注,但关于日本的相关报道很少。因此,需要探索性研究来调查交际舞对久坐不动的日本中年成年人身心健康的影响。本研究的目的是评估交际舞对中年人各种健康相关的生理和心理结果的影响,并与对照组进行比较。方法:采用平行组研究。研究人员将30名没有舞蹈经验的健康但不运动的中年人分为两组:干预组参加为期10周(60分钟,每周一次)的娱乐性交际舞课程,对照组不参加舞蹈课程。受试者完成了关于主观情绪变化和日常身体活动的问卷调查。在舞蹈练习前(T0)和10周后(T11),还评估了身体健康、氧化应激、抗氧化能力和自主神经系统功能的客观测量。结果:在主观问卷中,干预后与健康相关指标之一的情绪状态2 (POMS®2)调查中,舞蹈组与对照组的总情绪障碍(TMD) t评分差异(P = 0.014)。在事后测试中,自主神经活动的增加和高强度体力活动的天数与舞蹈组TMD的减少呈正相关。结论:在不运动的中年人中,与对照组相比,每周参加10周的交际舞课程改善了他们的心理情绪。这种改善被发现具有激活自主神经系统活动和增加高强度体力活动的积极作用。研究结果表明,交际舞可能对改善锻炼习惯和身心健康有效。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Dance Medicine & Science
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