Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1177/00377686231212824
Alexandre Grandjean
This article considers the contemporary entanglement between spiritual registers and a progressive militant scene upon two fieldworks conducted in Switzerland (2015–2021) on contemporary encounters between religion, spirituality and ecology. My observations contrast common accusations upon the so-called depoliticization, narcissism or mere bricolage revolving around the popularization of new and self-centered modes of exercise of power in progressive militancy. If these spiritual registers are becoming more audible and legitimate in militancy, it is surely for what they enable to enunciate as well as for the technic of the ‘selves’ and the transformational imaginary they promote. Often considered as pragmatic resources or commodities, this paper suggests that contemporary spiritual registers are to be studied along their ‘subtle’ politic uses in very concrete situations.
{"title":"Les politiques subtiles du faire autrement: Référents spirituels et militantisme progressiste en Suisse","authors":"Alexandre Grandjean","doi":"10.1177/00377686231212824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231212824","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the contemporary entanglement between spiritual registers and a progressive militant scene upon two fieldworks conducted in Switzerland (2015–2021) on contemporary encounters between religion, spirituality and ecology. My observations contrast common accusations upon the so-called depoliticization, narcissism or mere bricolage revolving around the popularization of new and self-centered modes of exercise of power in progressive militancy. If these spiritual registers are becoming more audible and legitimate in militancy, it is surely for what they enable to enunciate as well as for the technic of the ‘selves’ and the transformational imaginary they promote. Often considered as pragmatic resources or commodities, this paper suggests that contemporary spiritual registers are to be studied along their ‘subtle’ politic uses in very concrete situations.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.1177/00377686231217261
Hajar Masbah
Utilizing the theoretical framework of artification, this study analyzes the transformation of Sufi dance from a traditional religious practice to a staged artistic performance. Ethnographic observations and case studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 have identified four ideal types of discourse surrounding Sufi dance, ranging from traditional discourses to total artification, where religious meaning is displaced by artistic and aesthetic purposes. The article also examines the methods of teaching spinning movements, Sufi workshop audiences, and marketing strategies used by artists to gain recognition in both religious and artistic fields. Finally, the study explores the tension between traditional authority and dancers’ professional careers outside Sufi institutions. This research illuminates the complex dynamics of competition and cooperation that shape the relationship between art and spirituality within the Sufi tradition in contemporary France.
{"title":"The artification of whirling derviches in France between the religious and the artistic","authors":"Hajar Masbah","doi":"10.1177/00377686231217261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231217261","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing the theoretical framework of artification, this study analyzes the transformation of Sufi dance from a traditional religious practice to a staged artistic performance. Ethnographic observations and case studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 have identified four ideal types of discourse surrounding Sufi dance, ranging from traditional discourses to total artification, where religious meaning is displaced by artistic and aesthetic purposes. The article also examines the methods of teaching spinning movements, Sufi workshop audiences, and marketing strategies used by artists to gain recognition in both religious and artistic fields. Finally, the study explores the tension between traditional authority and dancers’ professional careers outside Sufi institutions. This research illuminates the complex dynamics of competition and cooperation that shape the relationship between art and spirituality within the Sufi tradition in contemporary France.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1177/00377686231217194
Lionel Obadia
At the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the landscape of religions and the dynamics of beliefs are reshaped by several movements. On one side, a ‘return of magic’ in contemporary societies and the rise of a modern witchcraft, and in parallel, and on another side, the rise and expansion of forms of ‘spirituality’. These two movements, both featuring in a specific manner the new face of the sacred, are often considered isolated from each other by social sciences and humanities, and religious studies, they, however, significantly crossover. As a result, modern witchcraft is turning more ‘spiritual’, whereas spirituality is – to a certain extent – becoming more ‘witchy’. With reference to the empirical examples of the emerging movements Magic for resistance and Witches 2.0, this article aims at demonstrating that the issue of politics and empowerment facilitate the cross-fertilization of the two movements in the context of high digitization.
{"title":"‘Spiritual’ witchcraft and magic 2.0 as weapons of resistance: The emergence of a new movement?","authors":"Lionel Obadia","doi":"10.1177/00377686231217194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231217194","url":null,"abstract":"At the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the landscape of religions and the dynamics of beliefs are reshaped by several movements. On one side, a ‘return of magic’ in contemporary societies and the rise of a modern witchcraft, and in parallel, and on another side, the rise and expansion of forms of ‘spirituality’. These two movements, both featuring in a specific manner the new face of the sacred, are often considered isolated from each other by social sciences and humanities, and religious studies, they, however, significantly crossover. As a result, modern witchcraft is turning more ‘spiritual’, whereas spirituality is – to a certain extent – becoming more ‘witchy’. With reference to the empirical examples of the emerging movements Magic for resistance and Witches 2.0, this article aims at demonstrating that the issue of politics and empowerment facilitate the cross-fertilization of the two movements in the context of high digitization.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1177/00377686231211199
Alia Gana, Anca Munteanu, Ester SIGILLO’
{"title":"Revisiting the political integration of Islamist parties in North Africa in light of the notions of ‘civil state’ and ‘Islamic secularism’. Introduction","authors":"Alia Gana, Anca Munteanu, Ester SIGILLO’","doi":"10.1177/00377686231211199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231211199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1177/00377686231203829
Hanna H Kim
This article explores two youth programmes, YTK (Yuvati/Yuvak Talim Kendra) and IPDC (Integrated Personality Development Course), created by BAPS (Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha), a global Hindu community. Both programmes rest on BAPS’s vision of the good life while recognising globally circulating ideas of success that associate economic mobility with self-motivated and disciplined workers. In the context of neoliberalising India, BAPS programmes provide a toolkit for attaining devotional objectives and aspirational success where each depends on refashioning the self into an optimised ideal. BAPS’s emphasis on the continuous and affectively intensive work of self-making in order to attain devotional goals draws attention to the translatability of devotional labour to those market arenas that demand affective responsiveness and flexibility. The youth programmes highlight the global discourse of self-improvement, filtered through BAPS conceptions of self in relation to others and point to the continued salience of religion in entrepreneurial times.
{"title":"Aiming for the good life: A study of two BAPS-led youth programmes in India","authors":"Hanna H Kim","doi":"10.1177/00377686231203829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231203829","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores two youth programmes, YTK (Yuvati/Yuvak Talim Kendra) and IPDC (Integrated Personality Development Course), created by BAPS (Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha), a global Hindu community. Both programmes rest on BAPS’s vision of the good life while recognising globally circulating ideas of success that associate economic mobility with self-motivated and disciplined workers. In the context of neoliberalising India, BAPS programmes provide a toolkit for attaining devotional objectives and aspirational success where each depends on refashioning the self into an optimised ideal. BAPS’s emphasis on the continuous and affectively intensive work of self-making in order to attain devotional goals draws attention to the translatability of devotional labour to those market arenas that demand affective responsiveness and flexibility. The youth programmes highlight the global discourse of self-improvement, filtered through BAPS conceptions of self in relation to others and point to the continued salience of religion in entrepreneurial times.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00377686231198771
Andrea BELÁŇOVÁ
Faith-based social service delivery is influenced by the sociocultural conditions in which it transpires. Czechia, as a low religious affiliation country, presents specific conditions for investigating this relationship. This study is based on 10 interviews with CEOs from faith-based organizations related to the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. The findings reveal important differences between perceived meanings of faith, institutionalized religion, and spirituality in relation to social service delivery. The thematic analysis reveals a problematic relationship between these CEOs and the church, with the public presentation of religion among the main issues. All interviewed CEOs understand their social service delivery as their own individual projects and only loosely related to the church. Alternatively, they appreciate its occasional support and religious character, which also provide feelings of distinctiveness. The CEOs present social service delivery as doing everyday religion, but they presume the church sees social service delivery as useful public relations (PR).
{"title":"Faith-based social service delivery in a country with low religious affiliation: The case of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church","authors":"Andrea BELÁŇOVÁ","doi":"10.1177/00377686231198771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231198771","url":null,"abstract":"Faith-based social service delivery is influenced by the sociocultural conditions in which it transpires. Czechia, as a low religious affiliation country, presents specific conditions for investigating this relationship. This study is based on 10 interviews with CEOs from faith-based organizations related to the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. The findings reveal important differences between perceived meanings of faith, institutionalized religion, and spirituality in relation to social service delivery. The thematic analysis reveals a problematic relationship between these CEOs and the church, with the public presentation of religion among the main issues. All interviewed CEOs understand their social service delivery as their own individual projects and only loosely related to the church. Alternatively, they appreciate its occasional support and religious character, which also provide feelings of distinctiveness. The CEOs present social service delivery as doing everyday religion, but they presume the church sees social service delivery as useful public relations (PR).","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00377686231200978
Sarah WILKINS-LAFLAMME
In 2008 and 2018, the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) asked respondents from 44 countries if they self-identify as ‘I don’t follow a religion, but consider myself to be a spiritual person interested in the sacred or the supernatural’ (Spiritual But Not Religious, SBNR). This paper compares issue positions on same-sex relations and gender roles between SBNR respondents and religiously active, marginally affiliated and nonreligious and nonspiritual respondents. Previous studies show that more religious individuals tend to hold more right-leaning stances on many sociopolitical issues, due to more conservative religious and political socialization as well as influences from surrounding social environments. However, these previous studies have not looked at the potentially distinct category of SBNR. Our study finds that progressive attitudes extend to both the SBNR and the nonreligious and nonspiritual, the attitudes among respondents of both these categories being very similar when it comes to same-sex relations and gender roles.
{"title":"Les attitudes des Spirituels mais non religieux envers les relations homosexuelles et les rôles de genre","authors":"Sarah WILKINS-LAFLAMME","doi":"10.1177/00377686231200978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231200978","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008 and 2018, the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) asked respondents from 44 countries if they self-identify as ‘I don’t follow a religion, but consider myself to be a spiritual person interested in the sacred or the supernatural’ (Spiritual But Not Religious, SBNR). This paper compares issue positions on same-sex relations and gender roles between SBNR respondents and religiously active, marginally affiliated and nonreligious and nonspiritual respondents. Previous studies show that more religious individuals tend to hold more right-leaning stances on many sociopolitical issues, due to more conservative religious and political socialization as well as influences from surrounding social environments. However, these previous studies have not looked at the potentially distinct category of SBNR. Our study finds that progressive attitudes extend to both the SBNR and the nonreligious and nonspiritual, the attitudes among respondents of both these categories being very similar when it comes to same-sex relations and gender roles.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1177/00377686231198783
Caroline HILL
When making public statements about abortion, those serving in the Russian Orthodox Church are beholden to the legacy of the Soviet health care system and the need to connect with audiences whose religious sentiments are largely nominal. This article explores framing of abortion by clerics and others serving in the Church in 150 Russian online newspaper articles. Said framing was analyzed according to typologies from prior research of morality policy and church-state relations in Russia. The frequency with which these frames were employed was measured and cross-referenced with article genres. The results show that rational-instrumental frames rooted in secular reasoning surpassed religious argumentation and appeals for state intervention, and that frames expressing disillusionment with the Russian government outpaced positive assessments of the state.
{"title":"Russian Orthodox framing of abortion in online journalism on religion","authors":"Caroline HILL","doi":"10.1177/00377686231198783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231198783","url":null,"abstract":"When making public statements about abortion, those serving in the Russian Orthodox Church are beholden to the legacy of the Soviet health care system and the need to connect with audiences whose religious sentiments are largely nominal. This article explores framing of abortion by clerics and others serving in the Church in 150 Russian online newspaper articles. Said framing was analyzed according to typologies from prior research of morality policy and church-state relations in Russia. The frequency with which these frames were employed was measured and cross-referenced with article genres. The results show that rational-instrumental frames rooted in secular reasoning surpassed religious argumentation and appeals for state intervention, and that frames expressing disillusionment with the Russian government outpaced positive assessments of the state.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00377686231208125
Belkacem Benzenine
The Algerian experience with Islamist parties is still marked by the case of the Islamic Salvation Front (Front islamique du salut, FIS), whose main objective was to establish an Islamic state. Based on an analysis of the discourse of Islamist parties, this article aims to shed light on the debates that these parties have conducted in opposition to the idea of secularism, understood here as the separation of the political and the religious. In this article, we first show that this struggle is not unique to the (radical) FIS, but also concerns other so-called moderate Islamist parties. We then illustrate the context of the Hirak, which had an impact on the ideological divisions in Algeria around the slogan of the ‘civil state’. The Islamist parties thus mobilised the Islamic referent to defend their own project of a state that defends Islam and to oppose any discourse that limits the role of religion in the political sphere.
{"title":"Les partis islamistes algériens face à la laïcité et à l’État civil (1989–2022). Discours et contre discours","authors":"Belkacem Benzenine","doi":"10.1177/00377686231208125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231208125","url":null,"abstract":"The Algerian experience with Islamist parties is still marked by the case of the Islamic Salvation Front (Front islamique du salut, FIS), whose main objective was to establish an Islamic state. Based on an analysis of the discourse of Islamist parties, this article aims to shed light on the debates that these parties have conducted in opposition to the idea of secularism, understood here as the separation of the political and the religious. In this article, we first show that this struggle is not unique to the (radical) FIS, but also concerns other so-called moderate Islamist parties. We then illustrate the context of the Hirak, which had an impact on the ideological divisions in Algeria around the slogan of the ‘civil state’. The Islamist parties thus mobilised the Islamic referent to defend their own project of a state that defends Islam and to oppose any discourse that limits the role of religion in the political sphere.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00377686231210134
Alia Gana, Ester Sigillò
This article investigates the notions of ‘civil state’ and ‘civil party’ as constructed by the Tunisian Islamist party Ennahdha through its process of ‘specialization’ in partisan action and its interactions with both ‘secular’ forces and the different groups composing – or are associated with it. The various conceptualizations of these notions reveal a multilayered political group, seeking to adapt to the new political environment by recombining the links between religious and political activities. Analyzing the debates that led in 2014 to the constitutionalization of the civil nature of the state and the controversies surrounding religiously inspired bills, as well as interviews with the various actors involved, we show how the reconfiguration of the Islamist movement into two components, a civil party specialized in politics and a faith-based civil society, does not imply a clear separation of state and religion, but rather the affirmation of a civil state inspired by Islamic values.
{"title":"The political integration of the Tunisian Ennahdha party in the light of the notions of civil state and civil party","authors":"Alia Gana, Ester Sigillò","doi":"10.1177/00377686231210134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231210134","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the notions of ‘civil state’ and ‘civil party’ as constructed by the Tunisian Islamist party Ennahdha through its process of ‘specialization’ in partisan action and its interactions with both ‘secular’ forces and the different groups composing – or are associated with it. The various conceptualizations of these notions reveal a multilayered political group, seeking to adapt to the new political environment by recombining the links between religious and political activities. Analyzing the debates that led in 2014 to the constitutionalization of the civil nature of the state and the controversies surrounding religiously inspired bills, as well as interviews with the various actors involved, we show how the reconfiguration of the Islamist movement into two components, a civil party specialized in politics and a faith-based civil society, does not imply a clear separation of state and religion, but rather the affirmation of a civil state inspired by Islamic values.","PeriodicalId":46442,"journal":{"name":"Social Compass","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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