Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2022-136-3
{"title":"Development model, labour precariousness and new social inequalities in Latin America","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2022-136-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2022-136-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-10
{"title":"Tax exemption in Brazil in 2009: why vehicles and not agriculture? An interregional general equilibrium analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47115402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-1
{"title":"Industrial policy, economic growth and international engagement: a comparison of selected countries","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-2
Cristian Brixner, O. Lerena, Mariana Minervini, G. Yoguel
This article analyses the link between universities and business from a neo-Schumpeterian evolutionary theory perspective. It aims to identify the thematic communities present in the literature that deals with the university-business relationship, highlighting the focuses of interest of this literature and currently emerging themes. Social network analysis and text mining tools are used for this purpose. The present contribution differs from other reviews by using large datasets, which made it possible to discern aggregate trends in scientific output. Six thematic communities were detected in the literature: technology parks, entrepreneurial university, triple helix, transfer channels, geographic perspective and open innovation. Once these communities were defined, the characteristics of each one were identified, along with their linkages, differences and limitations, with a view to gaining an understanding of the knowledge transfer processes. The relationship between universities and business: identification of thematic communities
{"title":"The relationship between universities and business: identification of thematic communities","authors":"Cristian Brixner, O. Lerena, Mariana Minervini, G. Yoguel","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the link between universities and business from a neo-Schumpeterian evolutionary theory perspective. It aims to identify the thematic communities present in the literature that deals with the university-business relationship, highlighting the focuses of interest of this literature and currently emerging themes. Social network analysis and text mining tools are used for this purpose. The present contribution differs from other reviews by using large datasets, which made it possible to discern aggregate trends in scientific output. Six thematic communities were detected in the literature: technology parks, entrepreneurial university, triple helix, transfer channels, geographic perspective and open innovation. Once these communities were defined, the characteristics of each one were identified, along with their linkages, differences and limitations, with a view to gaining an understanding of the knowledge transfer processes. The relationship between universities and business: identification of thematic communities","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42843756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-3
M. Cicowiez, Romina Ordoñez
This study assesses the economy-wide impacts of private investment in the hotel industry in Jamaica. Specifically, the paper develops a tourism-extended social accounting matrix (SAM) and a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model tailored to the Jamaican economy. To analyse impacts in terms of poverty and inequality, the CGE model results are linked with a microsimulation model. The results demonstrate that private tourism investments leading to an expansion of foreign demand for tourism can have positive impacts on national economies in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), employment, household incomes and poverty reduction. However, the distribution of benefits is dependent on socioeconomic factors such as the distribution of factor endowments among households. At the sectoral level, sectors catering more directly to tourism experience the highest rates of growth, while more export-oriented sectors do not fare as well given the upward pressure on prices and the real exchange rate resulting from higher tourism spending.
{"title":"The economic impacts of tourism-related private investment in Jamaica","authors":"M. Cicowiez, Romina Ordoñez","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the economy-wide impacts of private investment in the hotel industry in Jamaica. Specifically, the paper develops a tourism-extended social accounting matrix (SAM) and a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model tailored to the Jamaican economy. To analyse impacts in terms of poverty and inequality, the CGE model results are linked with a microsimulation model. The results demonstrate that private tourism investments leading to an expansion of foreign demand for tourism can have positive impacts on national economies in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), employment, household incomes and poverty reduction. However, the distribution of benefits is dependent on socioeconomic factors such as the distribution of factor endowments among households. At the sectoral level, sectors catering more directly to tourism experience the highest rates of growth, while more export-oriented sectors do not fare as well given the upward pressure on prices and the real exchange rate resulting from higher tourism spending.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41316942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-8
{"title":"The inclusion of poor youth in the Brazilian labour market and the impact of the Bolsa Família programme","authors":"","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43290050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-5
Stefan Wilson, D’Amato, Luciano Dias de Carvalho
This paper proposes to develop a balance-of-payments-constrained growth model to analyse the importance of the relationship between real exchange rate misalignment and the share of industry in output. Building on the work of Gabriel, Jayme and Oreiro (2016), the model is expanded to address: (i) the influence of price competitiveness on net exports; (ii) capital mobility; (iii) nominal exchange rate flexibility; (iv) the nominal wage as a fraction of the value of labour productivity; and (v) a quadratic relationship between the growth rate of the share of industry in output and exchange-rate misalignment. An important result is that both flexible and fixed exchange rate regimes are compatible with a balanced growth path.
{"title":"Exchange rate regimes, structural change and capital mobility in a developing economy","authors":"Stefan Wilson, D’Amato, Luciano Dias de Carvalho","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes to develop a balance-of-payments-constrained growth model to analyse the importance of the relationship between real exchange rate misalignment and the share of industry in output. Building on the work of Gabriel, Jayme and Oreiro (2016), the model is expanded to address: (i) the influence of price competitiveness on net exports; (ii) capital mobility; (iii) nominal exchange rate flexibility; (iv) the nominal wage as a fraction of the value of labour productivity; and (v) a quadratic relationship between the growth rate of the share of industry in output and exchange-rate misalignment. An important result is that both flexible and fixed exchange rate regimes are compatible with a balanced growth path.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48160323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-7
Damares Lopes, Suzana Quinet, Andrade Bastos, Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli
This article seeks to contribute to the debate on China-Latin America relations. It considers whether the trade relations that exist between China and the region are mutually beneficial or, instead, reinforce Latin America’s dependency on the international scenario. The effects of Chinese growth on a group of Latin American countries are analysed using the computable general equilibrium model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). Chinese growth was simulated through an expansion of the Chinese capital stock, thus mirroring the trend observed in recent decades. The results suggest a return to the commodity export model and a reduction in industrial activity in the Latin American countries analysed, particularly in the high-tech sectors. Nonetheless, well-being in Latin America also increased, mainly owing to improvements in the terms of trade (resulting from the commodity price boom).
{"title":"Latin America and China: mutual benefit or dependency?","authors":"Damares Lopes, Suzana Quinet, Andrade Bastos, Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to contribute to the debate on China-Latin America relations. It considers whether the trade relations that exist between China and the region are mutually beneficial or, instead, reinforce Latin America’s dependency on the international scenario. The effects of Chinese growth on a group of Latin American countries are analysed using the computable general equilibrium model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). Chinese growth was simulated through an expansion of the Chinese capital stock, thus mirroring the trend observed in recent decades. The results suggest a return to the commodity export model and a reduction in industrial activity in the Latin American countries analysed, particularly in the high-tech sectors. Nonetheless, well-being in Latin America also increased, mainly owing to improvements in the terms of trade (resulting from the commodity price boom).","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45635013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-4
T. Moreira, Mario Jorge Cardoso Mendonca, Adolfo Sachsida
Based on the hypothesis that the rules of monetary and fiscal policy in Brazil may have been subject to different regimes, the present study applies the Leeper model (1991 and 2005) to identify the chronology of policy regimes in terms of their active and passive character. The policy rules are estimated using the Markov-switching model, with a monthly database from November 2002 to December 2015, in which the regimes are endogenously determined. The results obtained indicate that fiscal dominance occurred in 2010 and between 2013 and 2014, while monetary dominance marked much of 2003 and the period 2005–2007. The model also seeks to explain why the inflation rate continued to rise during 2015 even though Central Bank of Brazil took an active monetary policy stance that year.
{"title":"Fiscal and monetary policy rules in Brazil: empirical evidence of monetary and fiscal dominance","authors":"T. Moreira, Mario Jorge Cardoso Mendonca, Adolfo Sachsida","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-4","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the hypothesis that the rules of monetary and fiscal policy in Brazil may have been subject to different regimes, the present study applies the Leeper model (1991 and 2005) to identify the chronology of policy regimes in terms of their active and passive character. The policy rules are estimated using the Markov-switching model, with a monthly database from November 2002 to December 2015, in which the regimes are endogenously determined. The results obtained indicate that fiscal dominance occurred in 2010 and between 2013 and 2014, while monetary dominance marked much of 2003 and the period 2005–2007. The model also seeks to explain why the inflation rate continued to rise during 2015 even though Central Bank of Brazil took an active monetary policy stance that year.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":"120 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41248253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18356/16840348-2021-135-6
Luis Cabezas, Alejandro Jara
This article analyses the impact of the increasing use of electronic means of payment on the demand for cash (banknotes and coins). It estimates two models: one with panel data and the other with cross-sectional data. The two methodologies offer complementary views for evaluating the degree to which electronic means of payment act as a determinant of currency in circulation. The study identifies an intense substitution process between cash and electronic means of payment, which is common to most of the economies analysed. However, there are also a number of idiosyncratic factors that explain the high degree of heterogeneity in the demand for cash that exists between countries. In emerging economies, electronic payment is still incipient, so the demand for cash is likely to continue to decline. However, this does not mean that these economies will become “cashless societies” in the near future.
{"title":"The demand for cash: stylized facts and substitution by electronic means of payment","authors":"Luis Cabezas, Alejandro Jara","doi":"10.18356/16840348-2021-135-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/16840348-2021-135-6","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the impact of the increasing use of electronic means of payment on the demand for cash (banknotes and coins). It estimates two models: one with panel data and the other with cross-sectional data. The two methodologies offer complementary views for evaluating the degree to which electronic means of payment act as a determinant of currency in circulation. The study identifies an intense substitution process between cash and electronic means of payment, which is common to most of the economies analysed. However, there are also a number of idiosyncratic factors that explain the high degree of heterogeneity in the demand for cash that exists between countries. In emerging economies, electronic payment is still incipient, so the demand for cash is likely to continue to decline. However, this does not mean that these economies will become “cashless societies” in the near future.","PeriodicalId":46450,"journal":{"name":"Cepal Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41957540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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