{"title":"Reply to Tahir Abbas, Naomi Kloosterboer, and Rik Peels","authors":"Quassim Cassam","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2082093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2082093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A reply to Tahir Abbas, Naomi Kloosterboer, and Rik Peels, focusing on the issues of radicalisation, normativity, and fundamentalism","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"20 1","pages":"1044 - 1049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73888735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2049946
M. Colombo, F. Quassoli
ABSTRACT “Media events” and, even more, “contested media events” offer a unique opportunity to analyse how specific interpretative frames come to dominate public debate within a hybrid media system through complex transmedia processes. In this article, we look into how mainstream media and, in particular, daily newspapers, reported on and re-contextualised the fierce debate concerning the “Macerata shooting” that had exploded on Twitter and contributed to obscure the interpretative frame initially proposed by the writer Roberto Saviano, qualifying it as an act of “terrorism”. An analysis conducted on a corpus of 143 articles shows that newspapers helped to both spread a mitigated and reassuring picture of the attack, and reaffirm the hegemonic vision of terrorism that sees terrorists, by definition, as alien to the community of victims.
{"title":"“Is this terrorism?” The Italian media and the Macerata shooting","authors":"M. Colombo, F. Quassoli","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2049946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2049946","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT “Media events” and, even more, “contested media events” offer a unique opportunity to analyse how specific interpretative frames come to dominate public debate within a hybrid media system through complex transmedia processes. In this article, we look into how mainstream media and, in particular, daily newspapers, reported on and re-contextualised the fierce debate concerning the “Macerata shooting” that had exploded on Twitter and contributed to obscure the interpretative frame initially proposed by the writer Roberto Saviano, qualifying it as an act of “terrorism”. An analysis conducted on a corpus of 143 articles shows that newspapers helped to both spread a mitigated and reassuring picture of the attack, and reaffirm the hegemonic vision of terrorism that sees terrorists, by definition, as alien to the community of victims.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"27 1","pages":"759 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89818259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2062099
Jack V. Kalpakian, Georgi Asatryan
{"title":"Book review of battle for allegiance: governments, terrorist groups, and constituencies in conflict","authors":"Jack V. Kalpakian, Georgi Asatryan","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2062099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2062099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"1 1","pages":"515 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84513640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2062100
Nichola E. J. Rew
{"title":"Book Review of: Terrorism, Violent Radicalisation and Mental Health","authors":"Nichola E. J. Rew","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2062100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2062100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"23 1","pages":"517 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2062101
Linnea Vidger
In Terror, Love and Brainwashing: Attachment in Cults and Totalitarian Systems , Alexandra Stein draws on her own experience living in a cult, interviews with other former cult followers, and psychological theories of attachment to explain why individuals fall under the complete control of totalist systems. Mapping out the steps of totalist control from recruitment to indoctrination, Stein sheds light on how average individuals can be radically manipulated by extreme groups to completely submit their lives and even perform acts of violence. In the second edition of this book, Stein builds on her research by including recent insights on political extremism and totalitarian states. She explores a range of totalist systems, from political cults like the Newman Tendency, to totalitarian regimes, such as Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge and Mao’s Communist Party in China. While these totalist systems operate at different scales, Stein points out their commonalities in brainwashing and isolating subjects. Stein
{"title":"Book review of Terror, Love and Brainwashing: Attachment in Cults and Totalitarian Systems, 2nd ed","authors":"Linnea Vidger","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2062101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2062101","url":null,"abstract":"In Terror, Love and Brainwashing: Attachment in Cults and Totalitarian Systems , Alexandra Stein draws on her own experience living in a cult, interviews with other former cult followers, and psychological theories of attachment to explain why individuals fall under the complete control of totalist systems. Mapping out the steps of totalist control from recruitment to indoctrination, Stein sheds light on how average individuals can be radically manipulated by extreme groups to completely submit their lives and even perform acts of violence. In the second edition of this book, Stein builds on her research by including recent insights on political extremism and totalitarian states. She explores a range of totalist systems, from political cults like the Newman Tendency, to totalitarian regimes, such as Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge and Mao’s Communist Party in China. While these totalist systems operate at different scales, Stein points out their commonalities in brainwashing and isolating subjects. Stein","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"18 1","pages":"520 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84539982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2056959
Claudia Radiven
wealth of materials placed in the footnotes. Frédéric Lenoir’s film Le cri étouffé (2017), along with the documented fact collected from websites such as www.syriauntold.com, will shake the unconvinced to take Haj-Saleh’s theoretical grappling less as an intellectual luxury and more of an undertaking with life-or-death consequences. The first part simply ushers unprepared readers into the monster’s snares or Dante’s Inferno. For once galvanised, no reader can emerge seeing the world with his former anesthetised self. The second part is more technical but no less ambitious. Representation is presumed to open what otherwise will remain a closed temporality. The latter finds comfort in clichés and truisms. The author provides solid evidence as to how the Arabic language, through affinities with the patrimonial, has incarcerated authentic human experience. Indeed, it is the trust in representation where readers note Haj-Saleh’s penchant for the palliative. He notes a quagmire, but he fails to see it for what it is: a mode production. The Atrocious becomes an immanent logic whereby value (not just profit) can be extorted through the industrialisation of chaos. Forgoing the Hegelian law of necessity, the one that tips the balance of Assadism in transitioning from possibility to actuality, results in a narcissistic approach that blinds us to the obligation of reversing, never reforming that immanent logic.
{"title":"The emergence of “extremism”: exposing the violent discourse and language of “radicalization”","authors":"Claudia Radiven","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2056959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2056959","url":null,"abstract":"wealth of materials placed in the footnotes. Frédéric Lenoir’s film Le cri étouffé (2017), along with the documented fact collected from websites such as www.syriauntold.com, will shake the unconvinced to take Haj-Saleh’s theoretical grappling less as an intellectual luxury and more of an undertaking with life-or-death consequences. The first part simply ushers unprepared readers into the monster’s snares or Dante’s Inferno. For once galvanised, no reader can emerge seeing the world with his former anesthetised self. The second part is more technical but no less ambitious. Representation is presumed to open what otherwise will remain a closed temporality. The latter finds comfort in clichés and truisms. The author provides solid evidence as to how the Arabic language, through affinities with the patrimonial, has incarcerated authentic human experience. Indeed, it is the trust in representation where readers note Haj-Saleh’s penchant for the palliative. He notes a quagmire, but he fails to see it for what it is: a mode production. The Atrocious becomes an immanent logic whereby value (not just profit) can be extorted through the industrialisation of chaos. Forgoing the Hegelian law of necessity, the one that tips the balance of Assadism in transitioning from possibility to actuality, results in a narcissistic approach that blinds us to the obligation of reversing, never reforming that immanent logic.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"1 1","pages":"512 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2036422
Elizabeth Mesok
ABSTRACT Since the adoption of UNSCR 2242, which calls for the integration of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and the Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) agendas, feminist scholars and activists have cautioned that such a move instrumentalises and securitises the WPS agenda and its objectives of gender equality and women’s empowerment. Based on over 80 interviews with civil society actors involved in P/CVE in Kenya – specifically, Mombasa, Isiolo and Nairobi – this article argues that both the calls for empowerment and the critiques of instrumentalization similarly draw on racialised constructions of women’s agency, or lack thereof, in the global south. Further, the instrumentalised/empowered binary is premised on a liberal feminist conceptualisation of agency only as resistance, which does not accurately capture the complex ways in which WPS actors and feminist peace activists negotiate with and work to transform security agendas. While recognising the harms caused by state and donor-led P/CVE approaches, this article centres the perspectives and experiences of men and women who work in daily violence prevention within and beyond the frame of P/CVE to theorise the agentive capacities that emerge from securitised spaces.
{"title":"Beyond instrumentalisation: gender and agency in the prevention of extreme violence in Kenya","authors":"Elizabeth Mesok","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2036422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2036422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the adoption of UNSCR 2242, which calls for the integration of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and the Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) agendas, feminist scholars and activists have cautioned that such a move instrumentalises and securitises the WPS agenda and its objectives of gender equality and women’s empowerment. Based on over 80 interviews with civil society actors involved in P/CVE in Kenya – specifically, Mombasa, Isiolo and Nairobi – this article argues that both the calls for empowerment and the critiques of instrumentalization similarly draw on racialised constructions of women’s agency, or lack thereof, in the global south. Further, the instrumentalised/empowered binary is premised on a liberal feminist conceptualisation of agency only as resistance, which does not accurately capture the complex ways in which WPS actors and feminist peace activists negotiate with and work to transform security agendas. While recognising the harms caused by state and donor-led P/CVE approaches, this article centres the perspectives and experiences of men and women who work in daily violence prevention within and beyond the frame of P/CVE to theorise the agentive capacities that emerge from securitised spaces.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"78 1","pages":"610 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83196542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2049947
Barış Tuğrul, C. Lafaye
ABSTRACT Participation in national liberation struggles is often considered to be a “family tradition”. The academic literature has taken up the idea that every Kurdish family should “give a child” to the guerrilla movement. These assertions have rarely been based on qualitative data. To examine the role of family traditions on the militant trajectories of the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK), we met 64 of its guerrilla fighters from three consecutive generations, encompassing a broad militancy period from the mid-1980s until today. This article highlights the variable impact of primary socialisation processes, in particular, the patriotic family, according to the generations and gender, suggesting that retrospective narratives made by PKK militants themselves reflect reluctance among their family members towards their engagement in the clandestine struggle.
{"title":"Kurdish “patriotic” families: an incentive or an impediment to joining the PKK through the generations and according to gender","authors":"Barış Tuğrul, C. Lafaye","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2049947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2049947","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Participation in national liberation struggles is often considered to be a “family tradition”. The academic literature has taken up the idea that every Kurdish family should “give a child” to the guerrilla movement. These assertions have rarely been based on qualitative data. To examine the role of family traditions on the militant trajectories of the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK), we met 64 of its guerrilla fighters from three consecutive generations, encompassing a broad militancy period from the mid-1980s until today. This article highlights the variable impact of primary socialisation processes, in particular, the patriotic family, according to the generations and gender, suggesting that retrospective narratives made by PKK militants themselves reflect reluctance among their family members towards their engagement in the clandestine struggle.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"19 1","pages":"484 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85998856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2048989
J. Githigaro, A. Kabia
ABSTRACT This study examines factors influencing youth from Majengo in Mombasa County in Kenya to join the Al-Shabaab violent extremist group. Drawing on empirical data and social movement theory, the study finds several contextual factors, including religious ideology, social media, and texts, as aiding the radicalisation process. The study findings are consistent with the existing literature in the sub-field of terrorism studies indicating the non-linearity of the radicalisation journey. The study is informed by insights from 30 in-depth qualitative interviews carried out between 2016 and 2019 in Mombasa with religious leaders, academic experts, community members and various government agencies. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to collect qualitative data, which were analysed thematically. Secondary data was collected from books, academic journals, newspapers and grey literature. The study contributes to noted gaps in terrorism studies on the value of primary data in the analysis of political violence.
{"title":"An evaluation of factors pushing youth from Majengo, Mombasa Kenya into al-Shabaab: a methodological and theoretical analysis","authors":"J. Githigaro, A. Kabia","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2048989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2048989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines factors influencing youth from Majengo in Mombasa County in Kenya to join the Al-Shabaab violent extremist group. Drawing on empirical data and social movement theory, the study finds several contextual factors, including religious ideology, social media, and texts, as aiding the radicalisation process. The study findings are consistent with the existing literature in the sub-field of terrorism studies indicating the non-linearity of the radicalisation journey. The study is informed by insights from 30 in-depth qualitative interviews carried out between 2016 and 2019 in Mombasa with religious leaders, academic experts, community members and various government agencies. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to collect qualitative data, which were analysed thematically. Secondary data was collected from books, academic journals, newspapers and grey literature. The study contributes to noted gaps in terrorism studies on the value of primary data in the analysis of political violence.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"21 1","pages":"381 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76525812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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