{"title":"Spirituality, Entrepreneurship and Social Change. Edited By: Kathryn Pavlovich and Gideon Markman","authors":"Knut J. Ims","doi":"10.51327/owki7654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/owki7654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135220275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard A. Gallenstein, John P. Dougherty, Julie Jent
Microfinance programs are promoted as powerful tools for increasing financial inclusion and reducing poverty in the developing world. While these programs have shown promise, they often fail to reach the most marginalized potential clients and can actually increase exclusion through mechanisms such as social sanctions. In this paper, we review recent microfinance literature highlighting the benefits, drawbacks, and potential mechanisms of exclusion inherent in current microfinance models. We then outline principles, rooted in Catholic Social Teaching, that provide a fuller understanding of the human person and can help inform a more inclusive version of microfinance. Finally, we apply these principles and recent innovations in the economics literature to propose a list of practical recommendations for inclusive microfinance to achieve integral development.
{"title":"Achieving Inclusive Microfinance: Recommendations from Catholic Social Teaching and Economic Development Literature","authors":"Richard A. Gallenstein, John P. Dougherty, Julie Jent","doi":"10.51327/yjsz9508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/yjsz9508","url":null,"abstract":"Microfinance programs are promoted as powerful tools for increasing financial inclusion and reducing poverty in the developing world. While these programs have shown promise, they often fail to reach the most marginalized potential clients and can actually increase exclusion through mechanisms such as social sanctions. In this paper, we review recent microfinance literature highlighting the benefits, drawbacks, and potential mechanisms of exclusion inherent in current microfinance models. We then outline principles, rooted in Catholic Social Teaching, that provide a fuller understanding of the human person and can help inform a more inclusive version of microfinance. Finally, we apply these principles and recent innovations in the economics literature to propose a list of practical recommendations for inclusive microfinance to achieve integral development.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134984307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the similarities/differences between the moral contexts in which scholars use the terms religion and spirituality, we use Moral Foundations Dictionary for Linguistic Analyses 2.0 (MFD), a dictionary developed to assess the moral content of text, and a Natural Language Processing algorithm (Word2Vec) that learns the semantic relationships in a corpus. The findings suggest that, except in the virtue words category of the Care foundation dictionary, religion semantically overlaps with a greater percentage of MFD words than does spirituality. Both religion and spirituality have greater semantic overlaps with virtue words than vice words; compared to religion, spirituality’s semantic overlaps with vice words are smaller. Spirituality has greater overlaps only with the MFD words for Care and Sanctity; religion has greater semantic overlaps with words for all foundations, particularly the “binding” foundations: Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity. Similarities notwithstanding, the moral contexts of religion and spirituality feature different aspects of morality.
{"title":"Moral Foundations of Spirituality and Religion Through Natural Language Processing","authors":"Can M. Alpaslan, Ian I. Mitroff","doi":"10.51327/wlon1757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/wlon1757","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the similarities/differences between the moral contexts in which scholars use the terms religion and spirituality, we use Moral Foundations Dictionary for Linguistic Analyses 2.0 (MFD), a dictionary developed to assess the moral content of text, and a Natural Language Processing algorithm (Word2Vec) that learns the semantic relationships in a corpus. The findings suggest that, except in the virtue words category of the Care foundation dictionary, religion semantically overlaps with a greater percentage of MFD words than does spirituality. Both religion and spirituality have greater semantic overlaps with virtue words than vice words; compared to religion, spirituality’s semantic overlaps with vice words are smaller. Spirituality has greater overlaps only with the MFD words for Care and Sanctity; religion has greater semantic overlaps with words for all foundations, particularly the “binding” foundations: Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity. Similarities notwithstanding, the moral contexts of religion and spirituality feature different aspects of morality.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yazkhiruni Yahya, Anna Che Azmi, Wai M. Chan, Suria Zainuddin
This study examines the influence of spirituality dimensions and tax equity dimensions on religious giving. Using a 2x2 between-subjects experiment, we manipulated tax savings, capped and non-capped and type of religious giving: zakat versus other religious giving. Our results indicate that all spirituality dimensions influence the amount of contributions to zakat and other religious giving. This influence is also different in capped and non-capped tax savings conditions. We find some support for the effect of vertical equity on the amount of these contributions. The main contribution of this study is twofold. First, we offer insights into the effect of spirituality and tax equity dimensions on religious giving, when tax savings are capped and uncapped. Second, we offer insights into the contrast between zakat payments and other religious giving. Our study can help policymakers develop better tax policies surrounding religious matters.
{"title":"Spirituality, Tax Equity and Religious Giving","authors":"Yazkhiruni Yahya, Anna Che Azmi, Wai M. Chan, Suria Zainuddin","doi":"10.51327/zhdm8894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/zhdm8894","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the influence of spirituality dimensions and tax equity dimensions on religious giving. Using a 2x2 between-subjects experiment, we manipulated tax savings, capped and non-capped and type of religious giving: zakat versus other religious giving. Our results indicate that all spirituality dimensions influence the amount of contributions to zakat and other religious giving. This influence is also different in capped and non-capped tax savings conditions. We find some support for the effect of vertical equity on the amount of these contributions. The main contribution of this study is twofold. First, we offer insights into the effect of spirituality and tax equity dimensions on religious giving, when tax savings are capped and uncapped. Second, we offer insights into the contrast between zakat payments and other religious giving. Our study can help policymakers develop better tax policies surrounding religious matters.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This conceptual study, drawing upon the literature on causal attributions and time perspectives, explores how religion may influence entrepreneurs’ decisions to exit ventures. Religious beliefs and principles will likely shift entrepreneurs’ (a) causal attributions of success and failure from internal or external loci to a third locus of causality, i.e., the divine, and (b) temporal depths from weeks, months, or years to eternity. Such shifts may, in turn, influence entrepreneurial exits through the nonmarket logic of religion, with contemplative practices acting as the underlying mechanism. Using the context of Jainism, a minority religion – originating in India – characterized by self-employed adherents and a seeming paradox between austerity and ostentation, this study develops propositions that relate religion to business exits.
{"title":"Religion and Entrepreneurial Exits: Divine Attributions and Eternal Time-frames","authors":"Kaushik Gala, Brandon A. Mueller","doi":"10.51327/zdin5682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/zdin5682","url":null,"abstract":"This conceptual study, drawing upon the literature on causal attributions and time perspectives, explores how religion may influence entrepreneurs’ decisions to exit ventures. Religious beliefs and principles will likely shift entrepreneurs’ (a) causal attributions of success and failure from internal or external loci to a third locus of causality, i.e., the divine, and (b) temporal depths from weeks, months, or years to eternity. Such shifts may, in turn, influence entrepreneurial exits through the nonmarket logic of religion, with contemplative practices acting as the underlying mechanism. Using the context of Jainism, a minority religion – originating in India – characterized by self-employed adherents and a seeming paradox between austerity and ostentation, this study develops propositions that relate religion to business exits.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135357806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michal Lehmann, Avraham N. Kluger, Michal M. Schödl
We report five studies that examine a nurturing relationship with the supervisor as an antecedent of promotion focus, a motivation reflecting exploration, creativity, and attention to gains versus non-gains. We hypothesize that supervisors who provide a secure base for their employees will increase the employees’ state-promotion focus and create a preference for engaging in promotion tasks over prevention tasks. We tested our hypotheses across five studies (N = 822): a correlational-field study, and four vignette experiments, and performed a mini-meta analysis of all studies that showed support for our hypothesis. Overall, our work suggests a theoretical link and an empirical test of two seminal theories, and sheds light on practical ways to affect employee-task preference at work through fulfilling relationships.
{"title":"Watch My Back, I Will Flourish: Secure-Base and Promotion-Tasks","authors":"Michal Lehmann, Avraham N. Kluger, Michal M. Schödl","doi":"10.51327/jxfz1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/jxfz1001","url":null,"abstract":"We report five studies that examine a nurturing relationship with the supervisor as an antecedent of promotion focus, a motivation reflecting exploration, creativity, and attention to gains versus non-gains. We hypothesize that supervisors who provide a secure base for their employees will increase the employees’ state-promotion focus and create a preference for engaging in promotion tasks over prevention tasks. We tested our hypotheses across five studies (N = 822): a correlational-field study, and four vignette experiments, and performed a mini-meta analysis of all studies that showed support for our hypothesis. Overall, our work suggests a theoretical link and an empirical test of two seminal theories, and sheds light on practical ways to affect employee-task preference at work through fulfilling relationships.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135440891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores how art and spirituality are connected and examines how art-based pedagogy, including art appreciation and art making, can facilitate not only developing emotional skills, but also cultivating spirituality and spiritual wisdom in management education. It further proposes that art appreciation is a virtuous activity, as it can facilitate the learning of spiritual values in a more personally meaningful way. By presenting an integrated model of art appreciation and sharing pedagogical examples of art appreciation, I propose that art appreciation can provide a more intuitive and immediate approach for developing spiritual values such as empathy and interpersonal care in management education. The primary purpose of this paper is therefore to explore the pedagogical potential of contemplative art-based practices in cultivating not only the students’ emotional skills, but also their understanding of spirituality, thereby contributing to a heightened sense of their personal empowerment and overall well-being.
{"title":"Towards An Integrated Understanding of Art, Spirituality, and Well-Being","authors":"Charlie Yang","doi":"10.51327/knrz7112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/knrz7112","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how art and spirituality are connected and examines how art-based pedagogy, including art appreciation and art making, can facilitate not only developing emotional skills, but also cultivating spirituality and spiritual wisdom in management education. It further proposes that art appreciation is a virtuous activity, as it can facilitate the learning of spiritual values in a more personally meaningful way. By presenting an integrated model of art appreciation and sharing pedagogical examples of art appreciation, I propose that art appreciation can provide a more intuitive and immediate approach for developing spiritual values such as empathy and interpersonal care in management education. The primary purpose of this paper is therefore to explore the pedagogical potential of contemplative art-based practices in cultivating not only the students’ emotional skills, but also their understanding of spirituality, thereby contributing to a heightened sense of their personal empowerment and overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian churches in many Western countries have been confronted with a general decline in church membership and participation due to significant, society-wide shifts. This study seeks to better understand how church leaders at the local level work through the challenges posed by these external developments. Using a combination of semi-structured interviews and panel sessions conducted in The Netherlands, our analysis reveals a wide variety of change responses by local church leaders, even within church traditions. Based on these differences, we develop a process model of how and why local church leaders will differently engage with external change, thus opening up the debate around the contingencies and activities that may support local churches and their leaders in reversing local church decline. Our research also highlights the importance of local level processes and dynamics in understanding how Christian churches interact with their external contexts.
{"title":"Death or Resurrection? Christian Church Leader Responses to External Change","authors":"Pieter‐Jan Bezemer, Sten Langmann, P. Vlaar","doi":"10.51327/wblt3098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/wblt3098","url":null,"abstract":"Christian churches in many Western countries have been confronted with a general decline in church membership and participation due to significant, society-wide shifts. This study seeks to better understand how church leaders at the local level work through the challenges posed by these external developments. Using a combination of semi-structured interviews and panel sessions conducted in The Netherlands, our analysis reveals a wide variety of change responses by local church leaders, even within church traditions. Based on these differences, we develop a process model of how and why local church leaders will differently engage with external change, thus opening up the debate around the contingencies and activities that may support local churches and their leaders in reversing local church decline. Our research also highlights the importance of local level processes and dynamics in understanding how Christian churches interact with their external contexts.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90084034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although research has established a positive link between spirituality or religiousness and job satisfaction, this influence’s pathways remain a ‘black box’. Whether it is an effect of a trait- relationship or of a need-satisfaction-relationship remains an open question. Additionally, data and results for West European countries are largely missing. Following King and Williamson (2005), and with a large-scale dataset for Germany (N = 2,551), we empirically assess the link between religiousness and job satisfaction, considering individual employees’ desire to express religiousness and actual expression at work in a serial mediation model, scrutinizing also the influences of discrimination experiences and perceived employers’ stances on religiousness at work. Results strongly support the needs-satisfaction perspective, implying high relevance of workplace spirituality for human resource management (HRM) but also of the research field of management, spirituality and religion in general. Contrary to our expectations, experiences of religious-based discrimination and the perception of a negative employer stance influence the desire to express religiousness at work and de facto expressions positively.
{"title":"(How) Does Religiousness Impact on Job Satisfaction? Results for Germany","authors":"Dorothea Alewell, Karla Brinck, Tobias Moll","doi":"10.51327/tkjm6011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/tkjm6011","url":null,"abstract":"Although research has established a positive link between spirituality or religiousness and job satisfaction, this influence’s pathways remain a ‘black box’. Whether it is an effect of a trait- relationship or of a need-satisfaction-relationship remains an open question. Additionally, data and results for West European countries are largely missing. Following King and Williamson (2005), and with a large-scale dataset for Germany (N = 2,551), we empirically assess the link between religiousness and job satisfaction, considering individual employees’ desire to express religiousness and actual expression at work in a serial mediation model, scrutinizing also the influences of discrimination experiences and perceived employers’ stances on religiousness at work. Results strongly support the needs-satisfaction perspective, implying high relevance of workplace spirituality for human resource management (HRM) but also of the research field of management, spirituality and religion in general. Contrary to our expectations, experiences of religious-based discrimination and the perception of a negative employer stance influence the desire to express religiousness at work and de facto expressions positively.","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84434865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: Critical Reflection, Spirituality and Professional Practice, by Cheryl Hunt","authors":"L. Zsolnai","doi":"10.51327/wsvr6317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51327/wsvr6317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81785093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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