Pub Date : 2024-06-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21500/20112084.7060
Elizabeth T Mendoza, María Villada, Maria Carolina Velásquez-Martínez
Ethanol consumption is among the first five substances with higher risk associated with diseases, disability, and death in the world. Anxiety behavior has been linked to ethanol-addictive conduct. The aim of the present study was to evaluate three strains with differential anxiety behavior: a Wild-type strain; a "Reactive" strain, with an increase in anxiety-related behaviors; and a "Non-Reactive" strain, with lower anxiety-related behaviors, before and after the voluntary consumption of ethanol (10%) protocol. To evaluate anxiety, animals were exposed to the elevated plus-maze 24 h before and after the consumption protocol. On the voluntary consumption of ethanol protocol, the animals were exposed to a water and an ethanol bottle. The weight of the liquid consumed daily for 40 days was registered. Results: all strains increased ethanol vs water consumption: Wild-type: day 8; R: day 10; NR: day 31. Ethanol consumption reduced the number and percentage of open arms entries only on the Wild-type strain. Conclusion: anxiety can predispose to an increase in ethanol consumption and to the maintenance of anxiety-related behaviors.
{"title":"Voluntary Ethanol Intake and Anxiety Behavior in Wistar-Uis Rats.","authors":"Elizabeth T Mendoza, María Villada, Maria Carolina Velásquez-Martínez","doi":"10.21500/20112084.7060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.7060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethanol consumption is among the first five substances with higher risk associated with diseases, disability, and death in the world. Anxiety behavior has been linked to ethanol-addictive conduct. The aim of the present study was to evaluate three strains with differential anxiety behavior: a Wild-type strain; a \"Reactive\" strain, with an increase in anxiety-related behaviors; and a \"Non-Reactive\" strain, with lower anxiety-related behaviors, before and after the voluntary consumption of ethanol (10%) protocol. To evaluate anxiety, animals were exposed to the elevated plus-maze 24 h before and after the consumption protocol. On the voluntary consumption of ethanol protocol, the animals were exposed to a water and an ethanol bottle. The weight of the liquid consumed daily for 40 days was registered. Results: all strains increased ethanol vs water consumption: Wild-type: day 8; R: day 10; NR: day 31. Ethanol consumption reduced the number and percentage of open arms entries only on the Wild-type strain. Conclusion: anxiety can predispose to an increase in ethanol consumption and to the maintenance of anxiety-related behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21500/20112084.6306
Martina Bellomare, Vincenzo Giuseppe Genova, Paola Miano
Among the many forms of psychological violence, gaslighting is a particularly insidious manipulative behaviour that includes acts aimed at controlling and altering one's own partner's sensations, thoughts, actions, affective state, self-perception, and reality-testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the experience of gaslighting and dysfunctional aspects of the partner's personality. Gaslighter personality facets were assessed using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Informant Form-Adult (PID-5-IRF), while gaslighting behaviours were assessed using a 25-item questionnaire, based on the three categories of glamour, good-guy, and intimidator (Stern, 2007). The sample was made up of a group of 177 Italian emerging adults aged between 19 and 26 (49.2% male, 50.8% female; M = 21.88, SD = 1.75), enrolled at University, who participated voluntarily in the research. In fact, none of them received any form of direct or indirect incentive. In our study, we applied a beta regression model mapping the Likert scale into the open interval (0,1). The main results show (a) good-guy gaslighting is positively associated with manipulativeness and negatively associated with deceitfulness; (b) glamour gaslighting has a negative association with separation insecurity and manipulativeness, but it is positively associated with irresponsibility; (c) intimidator gaslighting has a positive association with separation insecurity and distractibility and a negative association with eccentricity and perceptual dysregulation; (d) all three gaslighting categories are negatively associated with anhedonia and impulsivity. Based on what emerged from the data, aspects such as separation insecurity, irresponsibility, and distractibility can be seen as serious risk factors for gaslighting. For this reason, with regard to clinical implications, an early recognition of dysfunctional traits in potential abusers should be fostered in order to protect both potential abusers and their partner from aggressive conduct within an intimate relationship.
{"title":"Gaslighting Exposure During Emerging Adulthood: Personality Traits and Vulnerability Paths.","authors":"Martina Bellomare, Vincenzo Giuseppe Genova, Paola Miano","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the many forms of psychological violence, gaslighting is a particularly insidious manipulative behaviour that includes acts aimed at controlling and altering one's own partner's sensations, thoughts, actions, affective state, self-perception, and reality-testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the experience of gaslighting and dysfunctional aspects of the partner's personality. Gaslighter personality facets were assessed using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Informant Form-Adult (PID-5-IRF), while gaslighting behaviours were assessed using a 25-item questionnaire, based on the three categories of glamour, good-guy, and intimidator (Stern, 2007). The sample was made up of a group of 177 Italian emerging adults aged between 19 and 26 (49.2% male, 50.8% female; M = 21.88, SD = 1.75), enrolled at University, who participated voluntarily in the research. In fact, none of them received any form of direct or indirect incentive. In our study, we applied a beta regression model mapping the Likert scale into the open interval (0,1). The main results show (a) good-guy gaslighting is positively associated with manipulativeness and negatively associated with deceitfulness; (b) glamour gaslighting has a negative association with separation insecurity and manipulativeness, but it is positively associated with irresponsibility; (c) intimidator gaslighting has a positive association with separation insecurity and distractibility and a negative association with eccentricity and perceptual dysregulation; (d) all three gaslighting categories are negatively associated with anhedonia and impulsivity. Based on what emerged from the data, aspects such as separation insecurity, irresponsibility, and distractibility can be seen as serious risk factors for gaslighting. For this reason, with regard to clinical implications, an early recognition of dysfunctional traits in potential abusers should be fostered in order to protect both potential abusers and their partner from aggressive conduct within an intimate relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study presents a Spanish version of the Cognitive Flexi bility Scale (CFS), a subjective and brief instrument to measure Cognitive Flexibility (CF), and analyzes its psychometric characteristics.
Method: The items of the scale's original version were adapted to Spanish. An interview containing the adapted version of the CFS, the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and sociodemographic data, was administered to an intentional sample of 369 Argentine adults, aged between 18 and 60, through an online platform.
Results: The CFS's internal consistency was high (a = .813). A two-factor model, Strengths and Difficulties in CF, showed the best fit for the data. The CFS shows a negative correlation with the executive deficit and a positive correlations with empathy dimensions.
Discussion: The Spanish-adapted version of the CFS shows satisfactory psychometric properties in the Argentine adult population.
{"title":"Validity and Internal Consistency of a Spanish Version of the Cognitive Flexibil ity Scale (CFS).","authors":"Mariana Beatriz López, Vanessa Arán Filippetti, Gabriela Liliana Krumm","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study presents a Spanish version of the Cognitive Flexi bility Scale (CFS), a subjective and brief instrument to measure Cognitive Flexibility (CF), and analyzes its psychometric characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The items of the scale's original version were adapted to Spanish. An interview containing the adapted version of the CFS, the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and sociodemographic data, was administered to an intentional sample of 369 Argentine adults, aged between 18 and 60, through an online platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CFS's internal consistency was high (<i>a = .</i>813). A two-factor model, Strengths and Difficulties in CF, showed the best fit for the data. The CFS shows a negative correlation with the executive deficit and a positive correlations with empathy dimensions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The Spanish-adapted version of the CFS shows satisfactory psychometric properties in the Argentine adult population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delves into the nuanced attitudes of the host community in Izmir, Turkey, towards Syrian refugees, employing a robust threat and benefit theoretical model. It scrutinizes the multifaceted factors contributing to perceived threats and benefits, elucidates the reasons behind the variation in these attitudes, identifies the individuals responsible for holding these perspectives, pinpoints the specific contexts in which they manifest, examines the temporal dimension of these attitudes, and dissects the profound impact they have on mutual adaptation processes and the formulation of migration policies. A diverse group of 34 participants from the host community actively engaged in semi-structured interviews, comprising 16 females and 18 males across an age spectrum spanning 19 to 64 years. Thematic analysis methodically uncovered that economic and demographic considerations prominently constitute the bedrock of perceived threats, while conversely, the study illuminated financial contributions as pivotal benefits. The in-depth understanding garnered from this study holds significant promise for fostering enduring mutual adaptation between the host and refugee communities, thereby cultivating a more harmonious coexistence. Additionally, this nuanced insight informs the strategic development of immigration policies, ensuring they align with the evolving dynamics of this complex relationship.
{"title":"Attitudes of the Host Population towards Syrian Refugees: A New Theoretical Perspective","authors":"Betül Dilara Şeker","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5985","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the nuanced attitudes of the host community in Izmir, Turkey, towards Syrian refugees, employing a robust threat and benefit theoretical model. It scrutinizes the multifaceted factors contributing to perceived threats and benefits, elucidates the reasons behind the variation in these attitudes, identifies the individuals responsible for holding these perspectives, pinpoints the specific contexts in which they manifest, examines the temporal dimension of these attitudes, and dissects the profound impact they have on mutual adaptation processes and the formulation of migration policies. A diverse group of 34 participants from the host community actively engaged in semi-structured interviews, comprising 16 females and 18 males across an age spectrum spanning 19 to 64 years. Thematic analysis methodically uncovered that economic and demographic considerations prominently constitute the bedrock of perceived threats, while conversely, the study illuminated financial contributions as pivotal benefits. The in-depth understanding garnered from this study holds significant promise for fostering enduring mutual adaptation between the host and refugee communities, thereby cultivating a more harmonious coexistence. Additionally, this nuanced insight informs the strategic development of immigration policies, ensuring they align with the evolving dynamics of this complex relationship.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"106 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fundamental requirement for proper measurement of well-being in diverse contexts is the appropriate translation of well-being measures into the languages spoken by the specific population. This paper aims to identify measures of well-being that have been translated into African languages up to the year 2019 and make suggestions for researchers who are faced with the challenge of translating well-being instruments into local languages. Online databases were searched to identify published studies reporting the translation of well-being instruments into African languages. Some researchers were further contacted and requested to provide relevant studies. A total of 352 publications were retrieved and 44 translated measures met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that all the translated African language versions of existing measures were published between 2006 and 2019. Although the published translations were increasingly widespread, the distribution of available studies was uneven, with very low published translation activity in East and North Africa and a preponderance of publications on translated instruments in South Africa. The authors suggest deriving population norms for relevant translations; increasing funding and other resources for translation projects; developing cross-national collaborations on translations; and making the translated versions of well-being instruments more accessible for use by other researchers.
{"title":"Translation of Well-being Assessment Instruments in African Contexts: A Mapping Review and Future Directions","authors":"JohnBosco Chukwuorji, Oluchi Osondu","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5907","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental requirement for proper measurement of well-being in diverse contexts is the appropriate translation of well-being measures into the languages spoken by the specific population. This paper aims to identify measures of well-being that have been translated into African languages up to the year 2019 and make suggestions for researchers who are faced with the challenge of translating well-being instruments into local languages. Online databases were searched to identify published studies reporting the translation of well-being instruments into African languages. Some researchers were further contacted and requested to provide relevant studies. A total of 352 publications were retrieved and 44 translated measures met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that all the translated African language versions of existing measures were published between 2006 and 2019. Although the published translations were increasingly widespread, the distribution of available studies was uneven, with very low published translation activity in East and North Africa and a preponderance of publications on translated instruments in South Africa. The authors suggest deriving population norms for relevant translations; increasing funding and other resources for translation projects; developing cross-national collaborations on translations; and making the translated versions of well-being instruments more accessible for use by other researchers.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136096502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. Teachers may not be very sure about the definition of dyslexia and generally struggle to tell the difference between dyslexic learners and slow learners. Developing the DyAwI may provide an important psychometric assessment tool in determining the awareness level of the teacher and being able to make this distinction. A descriptive, explorative design was used in this study. The study consisted of two main phases. In the first phase, in order to develop the instrument, a literature review and a pilot study on 20 primary school teachers were carried out, and in line with expert opinions, the content validity index was calculated. In the second stage, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to identify the construct validity and reliability. The study included 182 primary school teachers for the second stage. The KMO and Bartlett test values, which determine the suitability of DyAwI for factor analysis, were found to be 0.77 and 0.000, respectively. The overall Cronbach’s alpha value of DyAwI was .75. As a result of the assessment of its construct validity, the scale consisted of 2 factors and 14 items. The findings of the study show that the tool is reliable and sufficient. The instrument is easy to understand, and this tool can determine the dyslexia awareness levels of teachers. DyAwI could promote teachers’ awareness of dyslexia and support the early identification of primary school students with dyslexia. It is believed that, thanks to the data obtained from the instrument, teachers will be able to decide on an educational assessment of a student with reading difficulties more quickly.
{"title":"Development and Psychometric Assessment of the Dyslexia Awareness Instrument in Teachers","authors":"Hilal Yıldırım, Erman Yıldız, Rukuye Aylaz","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5770","url":null,"abstract":"Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. Teachers may not be very sure about the definition of dyslexia and generally struggle to tell the difference between dyslexic learners and slow learners. Developing the DyAwI may provide an important psychometric assessment tool in determining the awareness level of the teacher and being able to make this distinction. A descriptive, explorative design was used in this study. The study consisted of two main phases. In the first phase, in order to develop the instrument, a literature review and a pilot study on 20 primary school teachers were carried out, and in line with expert opinions, the content validity index was calculated. In the second stage, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to identify the construct validity and reliability. The study included 182 primary school teachers for the second stage. The KMO and Bartlett test values, which determine the suitability of DyAwI for factor analysis, were found to be 0.77 and 0.000, respectively. The overall Cronbach’s alpha value of DyAwI was .75. As a result of the assessment of its construct validity, the scale consisted of 2 factors and 14 items. The findings of the study show that the tool is reliable and sufficient. The instrument is easy to understand, and this tool can determine the dyslexia awareness levels of teachers. DyAwI could promote teachers’ awareness of dyslexia and support the early identification of primary school students with dyslexia. It is believed that, thanks to the data obtained from the instrument, teachers will be able to decide on an educational assessment of a student with reading difficulties more quickly.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136025432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social zapping, defined as the cancelation of plans or appointments shortly before they are supposed to take place in order to attend plans deemed “better” than the original, has become increasingly prevalent. The present study examined potential behavioral trait predictors of social zapping, such as belongingness, self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence among community residents ranging from 40 to 75 years of age (n = 48). Results indicated that belongingness and self-esteem are significant predictors of social zapping tendencies, with belongingness emerging as the strongest predictor. Additionally, older adults exhibited a significant and more positive association with self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence compared to individuals aged 39 and younger. The population of young adults (aged 18-39) were found to have stronger, more positive relationships with belongingness. Social zapping frequency was nonsignificant for both older adults and younger adults. Furthermore, social desirability significantly predicted both self-esteem and meaningful existence. Overall, the present study builds on what is currently a new phenomenon in research and will provide new information on the relationship between age, social zapping, and behavioral traits.
{"title":"Social Determinants of Social Zapping: Exploring Predictors of Planned Scheduled Social Events with Others","authors":"Alyssa T. Altieri, Joseph R. Ferrari","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5797","url":null,"abstract":"Social zapping, defined as the cancelation of plans or appointments shortly before they are supposed to take place in order to attend plans deemed “better” than the original, has become increasingly prevalent. The present study examined potential behavioral trait predictors of social zapping, such as belongingness, self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence among community residents ranging from 40 to 75 years of age (n = 48). Results indicated that belongingness and self-esteem are significant predictors of social zapping tendencies, with belongingness emerging as the strongest predictor. Additionally, older adults exhibited a significant and more positive association with self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence compared to individuals aged 39 and younger. The population of young adults (aged 18-39) were found to have stronger, more positive relationships with belongingness. Social zapping frequency was nonsignificant for both older adults and younger adults. Furthermore, social desirability significantly predicted both self-esteem and meaningful existence. Overall, the present study builds on what is currently a new phenomenon in research and will provide new information on the relationship between age, social zapping, and behavioral traits.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89665243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is widely accepted that there are two main approaches to studying “intelligence” and “cognition”, psychometric intelligence research and Piagetian developmental psychology. While the psychometric approach measures intelligence without having a true theory of intelligence, ascribing different scores to test persons according to their respective mastering of tests, thus measuring abilities regarding abstractive and logical capabilities, the Piagetian approach comprises a complete theory of human development, a comprehensive theory of stage developments from infancy over adolescence to adulthood, including a detailed description of the development of psyche, consciousness, personality, and understanding of logic, physics, social affairs, law, religion, politics, morals, and arts. While intelligence research gages and assigns numbers (the average number is 100) to test persons, the Piagetian approach identifies their test person’s belonging to certain developmental stages.
{"title":"Cognitive Advancements across the Globe: Intelligence Research and Piagetian Psychology in Comparison","authors":"G. Oesterdiekhoff","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5866","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that there are two main approaches to studying “intelligence” and “cognition”, psychometric intelligence research and Piagetian developmental psychology. While the psychometric approach measures intelligence without having a true theory of intelligence, ascribing different scores to test persons according to their respective mastering of tests, thus measuring abilities regarding abstractive and logical capabilities, the Piagetian approach comprises a complete theory of human development, a comprehensive theory of stage developments from infancy over adolescence to adulthood, including a detailed description of the development of psyche, consciousness, personality, and understanding of logic, physics, social affairs, law, religion, politics, morals, and arts. While intelligence research gages and assigns numbers (the average number is 100) to test persons, the Piagetian approach identifies their test person’s belonging to certain developmental stages.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88781518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takako Nagata, Kiko Shiga, Takanori Fujita, Momoko Kitazawa, M. Yoshimura
This study aimed to investigate how people’s subjective health changed after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This survey was conducted in May 2021 as a nationwide online self-reported survey in Japan. The respondents indicated how their sleep, physical condition, and mental state altered after the pandemic. Furthermore, they answered questionnaires about their intention to get vaccinated, the means of gathering information, etc. A logistic regression analysis was performed. Of the 2,573 responses, there was a decline of approximately 13.6%, 14.0%, and 23.8% in subjective sleep, physical condition, and mental health after the pandemic, respectively. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that regarding sleep, the affected group was younger, got vaccinated against influenza annually, had lower income, experienced poor sleep quality in the past month, and had worse physical and psychiatric symptoms than before the pandemic. Concerning the physical condition, the affected group lived alone, witnessed deficient sleep quality in the past month, and had deteriorated mental health status than before the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of mental status, the affected group was younger, females, had access to more sources of information, and experienced worse sleep and physical conditions than the unchanged or improved group (p < 0.05). Each group indicated an association with the background factors, confirming that the subjective sleep, physical condition, and mental state affected each other. From a preventive perspective, the results of this study suggested that factors such as youth, gender, sleep quality, pregnancy, reduced income, and greater access to information, may be necessary for physical and mental support. The above-mentioned factors should be considered in light of community life and approached accordingly.
{"title":"Changes in Subjective Sleep, Physical Condition, and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey in Japan","authors":"Takako Nagata, Kiko Shiga, Takanori Fujita, Momoko Kitazawa, M. Yoshimura","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5765","url":null,"abstract":" This study aimed to investigate how people’s subjective health changed after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This survey was conducted in May 2021 as a nationwide online self-reported survey in Japan. The respondents indicated how their sleep, physical condition, and mental state altered after the pandemic. Furthermore, they answered questionnaires about their intention to get vaccinated, the means of gathering information, etc. A logistic regression analysis was performed. Of the 2,573 responses, there was a decline of approximately 13.6%, 14.0%, and 23.8% in subjective sleep, physical condition, and mental health after the pandemic, respectively. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that regarding sleep, the affected group was younger, got vaccinated against influenza annually, had lower income, experienced poor sleep quality in the past month, and had worse physical and psychiatric symptoms than before the pandemic. Concerning the physical condition, the affected group lived alone, witnessed deficient sleep quality in the past month, and had deteriorated mental health status than before the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of mental status, the affected group was younger, females, had access to more sources of information, and experienced worse sleep and physical conditions than the unchanged or improved group (p < 0.05). Each group indicated an association with the background factors, confirming that the subjective sleep, physical condition, and mental state affected each other. From a preventive perspective, the results of this study suggested that factors such as youth, gender, sleep quality, pregnancy, reduced income, and greater access to information, may be necessary for physical and mental support. The above-mentioned factors should be considered in light of community life and approached accordingly.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81998970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substance use disorder has a damaging effect on the family members of alcoholics and drug users. On the other hand, the reactions and behaviours of family members may negatively influence a person with substance use disorder. The behaviours of significant others of a person with substance use disorder that contribute to the maintenance of substance use disorder are called enabling. This study aimed to explore enabling behaviours of wives of persons with substance use disorder in Chapter 8 of Alcoholic Anonymous’ Big Book by utilising qualitative content analysis. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is one of the most commonly used programs for recovery from alcoholism. The current study sought to help mental health professionals get a better understanding of the views and premises of the AA program in reference to enabling behaviours of wives by conducting a qualitative content analysis of the AA Big Book. The study also discusses the healthy behaviours suggested by the authors of the Big Book and the comprehensiveness of the text for the readers.
{"title":"Exploring “Enabling Behaviours” of Wives of Persons with Substance Use Disorder in Chapter 8 of the Big Book of Alcoholic Anonymous","authors":"P. Askian, Hesameddin Masoumian Sharghi","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i2.5759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i2.5759","url":null,"abstract":"Substance use disorder has a damaging effect on the family members of alcoholics and drug users. On the other hand, the reactions and behaviours of family members may negatively influence a person with substance use disorder. The behaviours of significant others of a person with substance use disorder that contribute to the maintenance of substance use disorder are called enabling. This study aimed to explore enabling behaviours of wives of persons with substance use disorder in Chapter 8 of Alcoholic Anonymous’ Big Book by utilising qualitative content analysis. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is one of the most commonly used programs for recovery from alcoholism. The current study sought to help mental health professionals get a better understanding of the views and premises of the AA program in reference to enabling behaviours of wives by conducting a qualitative content analysis of the AA Big Book. The study also discusses the healthy behaviours suggested by the authors of the Big Book and the comprehensiveness of the text for the readers.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88747015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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