Objective. To analyze the behavioral changes of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on their performance on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Method. We performed a systematic review andmeta-analysis of original articles that used the FrSBe scale in patients with TBI from the time of publication of the instrument (year 1999) to February 2022, using PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Results. The searchyielded a total of 4318 records, of which 28 met the selection criteria. The studies reported that patientswithTBI showed impairments in some domainsassessed by the FrSBe: apathy and executive dysfunction. Conclusions. The results are consistent with behavioral impairments frequently reportedin TBI patients. Therefore, the FrSBe is presented as a useful and effective tool for the detection of behavioral changes in this population.
{"title":"Behavioral Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale","authors":"Natalia Camilotto, Paula Caamaño, Samanta Leiva","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6414","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze the behavioral changes of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on their performance on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Method. We performed a systematic review andmeta-analysis of original articles that used the FrSBe scale in patients with TBI from the time of publication of the instrument (year 1999) to February 2022, using PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Results. The searchyielded a total of 4318 records, of which 28 met the selection criteria. The studies reported that patientswithTBI showed impairments in some domainsassessed by the FrSBe: apathy and executive dysfunction. Conclusions. The results are consistent with behavioral impairments frequently reportedin TBI patients. Therefore, the FrSBe is presented as a useful and effective tool for the detection of behavioral changes in this population.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anyerson Stiths Gómez Tabares, D. Montoya-Arenas, David A. Pineda-Salazar
The aim of the study is to analyze the scientific literature and evidence on the mechanisms of functional connectivity involved in moral cognition processes in youth with psychopathy traits. Scientometric methods of citation networks based on graph theory were used. Bibliometrix, Sci2 Tool, and Gephi were used for the analysis. It was found that the dorsal and ventral regions of the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal cortex evidence functional alterations in young people with psychopathic traits. It was also reported that graymatter concentration in the left posterior and right anterior cingulate are possible endophenotypes of psychopathic traits. The theoretical, empirical, and legal implications of a moral neural perspective of psychopathy andantisocial behavior are discussed. The results demonstrated that psychopathic traits, which occasionally lead to criminal and violent behaviors, have a neurobiological basis related to moral cognition processes. However, a neuronal moral model has theoretical and practical limitations, as well as legal implications for free will and moral agency capacity.
{"title":"Functional Connectivity of Moral Cognition and Traits of Psychopathy in Youth: An Analysis of the Scientific Literature","authors":"Anyerson Stiths Gómez Tabares, D. Montoya-Arenas, David A. Pineda-Salazar","doi":"10.21500/20112084.7075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.7075","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to analyze the scientific literature and evidence on the mechanisms of functional connectivity involved in moral cognition processes in youth with psychopathy traits. Scientometric methods of citation networks based on graph theory were used. Bibliometrix, Sci2 Tool, and Gephi were used for the analysis. It was found that the dorsal and ventral regions of the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal cortex evidence functional alterations in young people with psychopathic traits. It was also reported that graymatter concentration in the left posterior and right anterior cingulate are possible endophenotypes of psychopathic traits. The theoretical, empirical, and legal implications of a moral neural perspective of psychopathy andantisocial behavior are discussed. The results demonstrated that psychopathic traits, which occasionally lead to criminal and violent behaviors, have a neurobiological basis related to moral cognition processes. However, a neuronal moral model has theoretical and practical limitations, as well as legal implications for free will and moral agency capacity.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayerli Andrea Prado Rivera, Yudy Alejandra Ortiz Hernandez, Paula Alexandra Motta Tautiva, Orlando Garay Quevedo, Angélica Julieth Guillén Puerto
Aim: to identify whether demographic variables, the type and length of romantic relationships, and alcohol consumption were risk factors related to attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: 723 adults filled the IPVAS and a demographic survey. Results: women were less likely to accept control; participants with technical education were more likely to tolerate control and abuse; those with secondary education were at higher risk to accept physical violence, while participants aged 26-35 were at lower risk; people who were dating someone were at higher risk to tolerate control but were at a lower risk to accept physical violence; and those who consume alcohol were more likely to accept abuse. Conclusion: As attitudes toward IPV may predict its future occurrence, research on variables modulating the association between attitudes and IPV execution can strengthen evidence to implement preventive actions, in which shaping attitudes towards IPV are the primary target.
{"title":"Intimate partner violence attitudes: Who tolerates the most?","authors":"Mayerli Andrea Prado Rivera, Yudy Alejandra Ortiz Hernandez, Paula Alexandra Motta Tautiva, Orlando Garay Quevedo, Angélica Julieth Guillén Puerto","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6479","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to identify whether demographic variables, the type and length of romantic relationships, and alcohol consumption were risk factors related to attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: 723 adults filled the IPVAS and a demographic survey. Results: women were less likely to accept control; participants with technical education were more likely to tolerate control and abuse; those with secondary education were at higher risk to accept physical violence, while participants aged 26-35 were at lower risk; people who were dating someone were at higher risk to tolerate control but were at a lower risk to accept physical violence; and those who consume alcohol were more likely to accept abuse. Conclusion: As attitudes toward IPV may predict its future occurrence, research on variables modulating the association between attitudes and IPV execution can strengthen evidence to implement preventive actions, in which shaping attitudes towards IPV are the primary target.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel Juarros-Basterretxea, L. Rodríguez-Franco, Juan Herrero, F. J. Rodríguez-Díaz
Eysenck’s PEN model is one of the most relevant and fruitful models with empirical support, and continues eliciting a large research corpus. Nevertheless, the systematic limitations regarding the psychoticism dimension and questionable inclusion of social desirability as a personality dimension have limited the model. The current research aimed to estimate an alternativePEN model including social desirability as a control and test its validity and reliability. This sample consists of 2969 Spanish young adults. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the fitting of four different models tothe data. Once the best-fitting model was obtained, multiple-group analyses were carried out to assess the configural, metric, and scalar invariance of themodel across sexes. The results showed that the three-dimension PEN model and two-dimension EN model controlling social desirability best fit the dataand were invariant across sexes. Despite the apparent appropriateness of both models, the EN model controlling for social desirability is more appropriate due to the weakness of the P dimension.
艾森克的 PEN 模型是最相关、最富有成果的模型之一，得到了实证研究的支持，并不断吸引着大量的研究成果。然而，精神病学维度的系统局限性以及将社会期望作为人格维度的质疑限制了该模型的发展。目前的研究旨在估算一个替代的 PEN 模型，并测试其有效性和可靠性。该样本由 2969 名西班牙年轻人组成。研究人员进行了确认性因素分析，以检验四种不同模型与数据的拟合程度。获得最佳拟合模型后，又进行了多组分析，以评估该模型在不同性别间的构型、度量和标度不变性。结果表明，三维 PEN 模型和控制社会理想度的二维 EN 模型最适合数据，并且在不同性别间具有不变性。尽管这两个模型表面上都很合适，但由于 P 维度的弱点，控制社会可取性的 EN 模型更为合适。
{"title":"Brief Version of the Revised-Abbreviated Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in a Spanish Young Adult Population","authors":"Joel Juarros-Basterretxea, L. Rodríguez-Franco, Juan Herrero, F. J. Rodríguez-Díaz","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6058","url":null,"abstract":"Eysenck’s PEN model is one of the most relevant and fruitful models with empirical support, and continues eliciting a large research corpus. Nevertheless, the systematic limitations regarding the psychoticism dimension and questionable inclusion of social desirability as a personality dimension have limited the model. The current research aimed to estimate an alternativePEN model including social desirability as a control and test its validity and reliability. This sample consists of 2969 Spanish young adults. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the fitting of four different models tothe data. Once the best-fitting model was obtained, multiple-group analyses were carried out to assess the configural, metric, and scalar invariance of themodel across sexes. The results showed that the three-dimension PEN model and two-dimension EN model controlling social desirability best fit the dataand were invariant across sexes. Despite the apparent appropriateness of both models, the EN model controlling for social desirability is more appropriate due to the weakness of the P dimension.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alhena L. Alfaro-Urquiola, Erick Roth, Francisco Javier Herrero Díez, Carolina Bringas Molleda, Juan B. Herrero Olaizola, Francisco Javier Rodríguez Díaz
Antecedentes: La violencia en el noviazgo es un tema cada vez más estudiado ya que se relaciona con las etapas iniciales de lo que más tarde podría convertirse en violencia de pareja e incluso violencia intrafamiliar. Se cree que el amor puede causar patrones de comportamiento que eventualmente se convertirán en hábitos. El objetivo es contar con instrumentos válidos y fiables, adaptados a diferentes contextos, para evaluar con precisión y prontitud a las víctimas y agresores y orientar una intervención adecuada. Método: Trabajamos con 2.216 estudiantes universitarios voluntarios de Bolivia que tuvieron al menos una relación de pareja en los últimos doce meses. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para adaptar el DVQ-VP al contexto boliviano. Resultados: Se confirmaron las características psicométricas adecuadas para evaluar la violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo utilizando una versión reducida de 18 ítems en un modelo de cinco factores para las víctimas y una escala de un solo factor para la evaluación de los agresores, que se encontraron invariantes para el sexo. Conclusiones: Se señalan las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio.
{"title":"Violencia en el noviazgo en estudiantes universitarios: validación de la escala DVQ-VP en Bolivia","authors":"Alhena L. Alfaro-Urquiola, Erick Roth, Francisco Javier Herrero Díez, Carolina Bringas Molleda, Juan B. Herrero Olaizola, Francisco Javier Rodríguez Díaz","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6364","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: La violencia en el noviazgo es un tema cada vez más estudiado ya que se relaciona con las etapas iniciales de lo que más tarde podría convertirse en violencia de pareja e incluso violencia intrafamiliar. Se cree que el amor puede causar patrones de comportamiento que eventualmente se convertirán en hábitos. El objetivo es contar con instrumentos válidos y fiables, adaptados a diferentes contextos, para evaluar con precisión y prontitud a las víctimas y agresores y orientar una intervención adecuada. Método: Trabajamos con 2.216 estudiantes universitarios voluntarios de Bolivia que tuvieron al menos una relación de pareja en los últimos doce meses. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para adaptar el DVQ-VP al contexto boliviano. Resultados: Se confirmaron las características psicométricas adecuadas para evaluar la violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo utilizando una versión reducida de 18 ítems en un modelo de cinco factores para las víctimas y una escala de un solo factor para la evaluación de los agresores, que se encontraron invariantes para el sexo. Conclusiones: Se señalan las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. A theoretical model of self-oriented cognitive schemata of sexual behaviour (SO-CSSB) was proposed after a previous disambiguation review on the definition and research of sexual attitudes. A quantitative exploration of the proposal may add real-world information regarding the internal structure and the adequacy of the defined factors. Consequently, the present study aims to 1) develop a questionnaire based on the theoretical review and 2) explore the structure of the SO-CSSB model. Method. Following the SO-CSSB principles, a questionnaire was developed and evaluated. An observational cross-sectional online survey was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a reliability analysis were performed. Results. A study sample, comprised of 188 subjects, was analysed (Age 18–56; M = 25.27; SD = 6.6; 62 male, 33.2%). The EFA yielded 16 factors with eigenvalues above 1, accounting for 67.21% of the variance (KMO = .672, Barlett’s = 3958.7, sig.<.01; item communalities between .44 and .80). Items under .49were cut off, which included values from .49 to .86. There was no correlation between components over .20, in a range from –.19 to .20. Reliability indexes varied from .46 to .86. Conclusion. A final model of 16 components followingthe SO-CSSB principles was presented. The analysis revealed certain modifications to the theoretical proposal, and the objective of adding a quantitative frame toempirically specify its factors was achieved. This outcome constitutes a step forward to developing a comprehensive model on sexual beliefs.
{"title":"Attitudes towards Sexual Behaviour: an Exploratory Analysis of a Comprehensive Model","authors":"C. Velo Higueras, Miguel Ángel Ruiz Díaz","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6367","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A theoretical model of self-oriented cognitive schemata of sexual behaviour (SO-CSSB) was proposed after a previous disambiguation review on the definition and research of sexual attitudes. A quantitative exploration of the proposal may add real-world information regarding the internal structure and the adequacy of the defined factors. Consequently, the present study aims to 1) develop a questionnaire based on the theoretical review and 2) explore the structure of the SO-CSSB model. Method. Following the SO-CSSB principles, a questionnaire was developed and evaluated. An observational cross-sectional online survey was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a reliability analysis were performed. Results. A study sample, comprised of 188 subjects, was analysed (Age 18–56; M = 25.27; SD = 6.6; 62 male, 33.2%). The EFA yielded 16 factors with eigenvalues above 1, accounting for 67.21% of the variance (KMO = .672, Barlett’s = 3958.7, sig.<.01; item communalities between .44 and .80). Items under .49were cut off, which included values from .49 to .86. There was no correlation between components over .20, in a range from –.19 to .20. Reliability indexes varied from .46 to .86. Conclusion. A final model of 16 components followingthe SO-CSSB principles was presented. The analysis revealed certain modifications to the theoretical proposal, and the objective of adding a quantitative frame toempirically specify its factors was achieved. This outcome constitutes a step forward to developing a comprehensive model on sexual beliefs.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delves into the nuanced attitudes of the host community in Izmir, Turkey, towards Syrian refugees, employing a robust threat and benefit theoretical model. It scrutinizes the multifaceted factors contributing to perceived threats and benefits, elucidates the reasons behind the variation in these attitudes, identifies the individuals responsible for holding these perspectives, pinpoints the specific contexts in which they manifest, examines the temporal dimension of these attitudes, and dissects the profound impact they have on mutual adaptation processes and the formulation of migration policies. A diverse group of 34 participants from the host community actively engaged in semi-structured interviews, comprising 16 females and 18 males across an age spectrum spanning 19 to 64 years. Thematic analysis methodically uncovered that economic and demographic considerations prominently constitute the bedrock of perceived threats, while conversely, the study illuminated financial contributions as pivotal benefits. The in-depth understanding garnered from this study holds significant promise for fostering enduring mutual adaptation between the host and refugee communities, thereby cultivating a more harmonious coexistence. Additionally, this nuanced insight informs the strategic development of immigration policies, ensuring they align with the evolving dynamics of this complex relationship.
{"title":"Attitudes of the Host Population towards Syrian Refugees: A New Theoretical Perspective","authors":"Betül Dilara Şeker","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5985","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the nuanced attitudes of the host community in Izmir, Turkey, towards Syrian refugees, employing a robust threat and benefit theoretical model. It scrutinizes the multifaceted factors contributing to perceived threats and benefits, elucidates the reasons behind the variation in these attitudes, identifies the individuals responsible for holding these perspectives, pinpoints the specific contexts in which they manifest, examines the temporal dimension of these attitudes, and dissects the profound impact they have on mutual adaptation processes and the formulation of migration policies. A diverse group of 34 participants from the host community actively engaged in semi-structured interviews, comprising 16 females and 18 males across an age spectrum spanning 19 to 64 years. Thematic analysis methodically uncovered that economic and demographic considerations prominently constitute the bedrock of perceived threats, while conversely, the study illuminated financial contributions as pivotal benefits. The in-depth understanding garnered from this study holds significant promise for fostering enduring mutual adaptation between the host and refugee communities, thereby cultivating a more harmonious coexistence. Additionally, this nuanced insight informs the strategic development of immigration policies, ensuring they align with the evolving dynamics of this complex relationship.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fundamental requirement for proper measurement of well-being in diverse contexts is the appropriate translation of well-being measures into the languages spoken by the specific population. This paper aims to identify measures of well-being that have been translated into African languages up to the year 2019 and make suggestions for researchers who are faced with the challenge of translating well-being instruments into local languages. Online databases were searched to identify published studies reporting the translation of well-being instruments into African languages. Some researchers were further contacted and requested to provide relevant studies. A total of 352 publications were retrieved and 44 translated measures met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that all the translated African language versions of existing measures were published between 2006 and 2019. Although the published translations were increasingly widespread, the distribution of available studies was uneven, with very low published translation activity in East and North Africa and a preponderance of publications on translated instruments in South Africa. The authors suggest deriving population norms for relevant translations; increasing funding and other resources for translation projects; developing cross-national collaborations on translations; and making the translated versions of well-being instruments more accessible for use by other researchers.
{"title":"Translation of Well-being Assessment Instruments in African Contexts: A Mapping Review and Future Directions","authors":"JohnBosco Chukwuorji, Oluchi Osondu","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5907","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental requirement for proper measurement of well-being in diverse contexts is the appropriate translation of well-being measures into the languages spoken by the specific population. This paper aims to identify measures of well-being that have been translated into African languages up to the year 2019 and make suggestions for researchers who are faced with the challenge of translating well-being instruments into local languages. Online databases were searched to identify published studies reporting the translation of well-being instruments into African languages. Some researchers were further contacted and requested to provide relevant studies. A total of 352 publications were retrieved and 44 translated measures met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that all the translated African language versions of existing measures were published between 2006 and 2019. Although the published translations were increasingly widespread, the distribution of available studies was uneven, with very low published translation activity in East and North Africa and a preponderance of publications on translated instruments in South Africa. The authors suggest deriving population norms for relevant translations; increasing funding and other resources for translation projects; developing cross-national collaborations on translations; and making the translated versions of well-being instruments more accessible for use by other researchers.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136096502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. Teachers may not be very sure about the definition of dyslexia and generally struggle to tell the difference between dyslexic learners and slow learners. Developing the DyAwI may provide an important psychometric assessment tool in determining the awareness level of the teacher and being able to make this distinction. A descriptive, explorative design was used in this study. The study consisted of two main phases. In the first phase, in order to develop the instrument, a literature review and a pilot study on 20 primary school teachers were carried out, and in line with expert opinions, the content validity index was calculated. In the second stage, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to identify the construct validity and reliability. The study included 182 primary school teachers for the second stage. The KMO and Bartlett test values, which determine the suitability of DyAwI for factor analysis, were found to be 0.77 and 0.000, respectively. The overall Cronbach’s alpha value of DyAwI was .75. As a result of the assessment of its construct validity, the scale consisted of 2 factors and 14 items. The findings of the study show that the tool is reliable and sufficient. The instrument is easy to understand, and this tool can determine the dyslexia awareness levels of teachers. DyAwI could promote teachers’ awareness of dyslexia and support the early identification of primary school students with dyslexia. It is believed that, thanks to the data obtained from the instrument, teachers will be able to decide on an educational assessment of a student with reading difficulties more quickly.
{"title":"Development and Psychometric Assessment of the Dyslexia Awareness Instrument in Teachers","authors":"Hilal Yıldırım, Erman Yıldız, Rukuye Aylaz","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i4.5770","url":null,"abstract":"Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. Teachers may not be very sure about the definition of dyslexia and generally struggle to tell the difference between dyslexic learners and slow learners. Developing the DyAwI may provide an important psychometric assessment tool in determining the awareness level of the teacher and being able to make this distinction. A descriptive, explorative design was used in this study. The study consisted of two main phases. In the first phase, in order to develop the instrument, a literature review and a pilot study on 20 primary school teachers were carried out, and in line with expert opinions, the content validity index was calculated. In the second stage, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to identify the construct validity and reliability. The study included 182 primary school teachers for the second stage. The KMO and Bartlett test values, which determine the suitability of DyAwI for factor analysis, were found to be 0.77 and 0.000, respectively. The overall Cronbach’s alpha value of DyAwI was .75. As a result of the assessment of its construct validity, the scale consisted of 2 factors and 14 items. The findings of the study show that the tool is reliable and sufficient. The instrument is easy to understand, and this tool can determine the dyslexia awareness levels of teachers. DyAwI could promote teachers’ awareness of dyslexia and support the early identification of primary school students with dyslexia. It is believed that, thanks to the data obtained from the instrument, teachers will be able to decide on an educational assessment of a student with reading difficulties more quickly.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136025432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social zapping, defined as the cancelation of plans or appointments shortly before they are supposed to take place in order to attend plans deemed “better” than the original, has become increasingly prevalent. The present study examined potential behavioral trait predictors of social zapping, such as belongingness, self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence among community residents ranging from 40 to 75 years of age (n = 48). Results indicated that belongingness and self-esteem are significant predictors of social zapping tendencies, with belongingness emerging as the strongest predictor. Additionally, older adults exhibited a significant and more positive association with self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence compared to individuals aged 39 and younger. The population of young adults (aged 18-39) were found to have stronger, more positive relationships with belongingness. Social zapping frequency was nonsignificant for both older adults and younger adults. Furthermore, social desirability significantly predicted both self-esteem and meaningful existence. Overall, the present study builds on what is currently a new phenomenon in research and will provide new information on the relationship between age, social zapping, and behavioral traits.
{"title":"Social Determinants of Social Zapping: Exploring Predictors of Planned Scheduled Social Events with Others","authors":"Alyssa T. Altieri, Joseph R. Ferrari","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5797","url":null,"abstract":"Social zapping, defined as the cancelation of plans or appointments shortly before they are supposed to take place in order to attend plans deemed “better” than the original, has become increasingly prevalent. The present study examined potential behavioral trait predictors of social zapping, such as belongingness, self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence among community residents ranging from 40 to 75 years of age (n = 48). Results indicated that belongingness and self-esteem are significant predictors of social zapping tendencies, with belongingness emerging as the strongest predictor. Additionally, older adults exhibited a significant and more positive association with self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence compared to individuals aged 39 and younger. The population of young adults (aged 18-39) were found to have stronger, more positive relationships with belongingness. Social zapping frequency was nonsignificant for both older adults and younger adults. Furthermore, social desirability significantly predicted both self-esteem and meaningful existence. Overall, the present study builds on what is currently a new phenomenon in research and will provide new information on the relationship between age, social zapping, and behavioral traits.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89665243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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