International Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

In Mexico, young people continue to experience problems due to a lack of correct and consistent condom use during sexual intercourse.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of a randomized controlled clinical trial with the use of smartphones to increase safe sex intentions and safe sexual behavior.

Methods: experimental design with two treatment groups with 177 young people who requested the rapid HIV test in a non-governmental organization in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The experimental group was given Respect M-Health with the use of mobile devices; the control group was given similar counseling without the use of mobile technology and 8 pencil and paper instruments were used.

Results: the effect of the experimental group was greater in safe sexual behavior reflected in the means at pre-test M=64.80 (SD=1.86), post-test M=85.33 (SD=1.54), and at 30 days M=87.40 (SD=1.52), and in the safe sex intentions factor at pre-test M=78.50 (SD=3.07), post-test M=94.70 (SD=2.46), and at 30 days M=95.74 (SD=2.29).

Conclusions: Smartphone use was an effective tool as a support to increase safe sexual behavior in youth.

Creative self-efficacy has emerged as one of the most striking constructs in education. Yet, instruments to assess it in children and adolescents are scant. This article introduces the CASES, a new creative self-efficacy scale designed to address this concern. The process of development and initial validation of the scale are presented herein. Following the items' conception, exploratory, and confirmatory factorial analysis was performed. The final structure comprises nine items, evenly distributed by three factors: fluency, elaboration, and personality. Preliminary reliability and validity analysis display good psychometric properties, highlighting CASES as a potentially relevant addition to the creative self-efficacy assessment instruments array. Designed for children and adolescents (ages 3 to 16), it can uphold a developmental approach of creative self-efficacy, with potential implications within educational settings. Thus, it might be of interest for parents, educators, educational psychologists, researchers, and policymakers involved in designing curricula and interventions to nurture and enhance creative potential.

Introduction: Aging is a phenomenon that has increased worldwide as a result of a higher life expectancy, evidencing situations typical of this stage, which can impact the happiness of individuals, who deserve attention and approach from mental health and public health.

Objective: to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics, medical history and symptoms, emotional state, social support, cognitive performance, and functional dependence, in relation to happiness in older adults in a rural area of Túquerres, Nariño.

Method: cross-sectional study of association. Results: There were 252 records in total, corresponding to the data of rural older adults. A multivariate linear regression was performed, finding an association with happiness in the variables of age (βa = .41; CI95% .09 - .73), socioeconomic level (βa = -.22; CI95% -.58 - .13), education level (βa = .41; CI95% .68 - 1.49), occupation (βa = .59; CI95% -.48 - 1.67), having chronic disease (βa = .42; CI95% .12 - .73), breathing difficulties (βa = -.25; CI95% -.51 - .02), joint pain (βa = .55; CI95% .26 - .83), depression symptoms (βa = -.21; CI95% -.48 - .06]) or anxiety (βa = .40; CI95% .72 - .07), and social support (βa = -.27; CI95% -.52 - -.02).

Discussion: this population has unfavorable socioeconomic and health conditions that impact their perception of happiness. Conclusion: happiness is a multicausal phenomenon that in older adults is part of the result of the interaction of variables and historical decisions at a political, economic, and social level.

There are minority and stigmatized groups who face particular challenges to their full participation in society. This study's objective was to conduct a systematic review to determine theoretical and methodological underpinnings in behavioral economics that explain how stigmatization emerges within the relationship processes and social structures of individuals. Data from 1940 to 2019 were sourced from 12 relevant electronic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, 26 studies out of 3459 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies applied experimental economics and were published between 2002 and 2018. Overall, the articles focus their research on the experiences of discrimination based on stereotypes and test their hypotheses through economic games. The data synthesis seems to reveal weak conceptual clarity, circular reasoning, and a hint of the problem of infinite regress. Thus, these issues open new and exciting avenues for future research to explore via an array of experimental applications.

Electronic cigarettes had become a public health concern, generating the need of having standardized instruments to evaluate the consequences of their use.

Objective: The goal of this study was to adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) to a Colombian sample.

Method: In this instrumental quantitative research, the instrument was adapted to the Spanish language, evaluated by expert judges and contested by 128 adult regular electronic cigarettes users.

Results: The results suggest a single factor structure with reliable goodness of fit measures and values of internal consistency between acceptable and adequate.

Conclusion: These results suggest the ECDI as a valid and reliable index to be used in Colombian samples.

Introduction: research carried out regarding the psychological concept of schizotypy responds to a field of extensive development since its conceptualization decades ago, which includes schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). However, controversies still persist marked by the difficulty of establishing definitive consensus.

Objective: the research purpose aimed to synthesize the empirical evidence involved in the use of various methodologies and tools for understanding schizotypy.

Methodology: A systematic review was carried out in the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PsycNet. By using the PRISMA guidelines, 65 studies published in the last decade (2010-2020) were discriminated.

Results: The synthesis of cumulative knowledge made it possible to define schizotypy as an integrating multidimensional construct and to identify valid assessment tools in use, in its psychometric, clinical, and personality characterizations.

Discussion/conclusions: Clinical implications found in these reports are addressed, as well as notions of the continuum of psychoses, taxonomic, and multidimensional models.