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Effect of Violence and School Victimization on Suicidal Ideation in Mexican Adolescents. 暴力和学校受害对墨西哥青少年自杀意念的影响。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5109
Yeni Cruz-Manrique, Juan Herrero Olaizola, Lourdes Cortés-Ayala, Eli Malvaceda-Espinoza

This study tests a model to predict suicidal ideation in adolescents, considering violence and school victimization, family and academic self-concept, and depressive symptoms as antecedents. 792 Mexican high school adolescents participated (49.4% women, 50.6% men) between 11 and 16 years old (M = 13.3, D.T. = 1.0), selected with a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. The Suicidal Ideation, Violent Behavior at School, Victimization at School, Self-Concept Form-5 and CES-D scales were administered. From Structural Equation Models, the results showed that the model that best fits indicates a double relationship between school victimization and suicidal ideation: a direct and positive effect on suicidal thoughts, and, on the other hand, an indirect and negative effect through family support, and positive with depressive symptoms. Family self-concept was an important protection factor.

本研究测试了一个预测青少年自杀意念的模型,将暴力和学校受害、家庭和学业自我概念以及抑郁症状作为前因。792名11至16岁(M=13.3,D.T.=1.0)的墨西哥高中青少年(49.4%为女性,50.6%为男性)参加了此次活动,为了方便起见,他们是通过非概率抽样进行选择的。采用自杀意念、在校暴力行为、在校受害、自我概念量表-5和CES-D量表。从结构方程模型中,结果表明,最适合的模型表明了学校受害和自杀意念之间的双重关系:对自杀想法的直接和积极影响,另一方面,通过家庭支持的间接和消极影响,以及对抑郁症状的积极影响。家庭自我概念是一个重要的保护因素。
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引用次数: 4
Executive Functions and SelfEsteem in Academic Performance: A Mediational Analysis. 学业成绩中的执行功能和自尊:一个中介分析。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5198
Alberto Quílez-Robres, Nieves Moyano, Alejandra Cortés-Pascual

Objective: Once the paradigm of intelligence as the only predictor of academic performance has been overcome, the influence of other variables, such as reasoning, verbal fluency, executive functions, motivation and self-esteem, was studied.

Method: For this purpose, an exploratory and incidental research design was used in a sample of 132 subjects aged 6-9 years. Different instruments were administered: RAVEN, Effective Reading, Brief II, MAPE II, and Coopersmith Scale, respectively.

Results: The results indicate that the predictive model formed by reasoning, verbal fluency, executive functions, and self-esteem explains 55.4% of the academic results. As mediating variables, self-esteem emerges as a predictor of both cognitive and motivational variables, and executive functions, as a predictor of emotional and motivational variables.

Discussion: This implies theoretical and practical implications of an educational nature with practical implications in primary school classrooms, in order to implement plans to develop self-esteem and executive functions.

目的:一旦克服了智力作为学习成绩唯一预测因素的范式,就研究了其他变量的影响,如推理、言语影响、执行功能、动机和自尊。方法:为此,对132名6-9岁的受试者进行了探索性和偶然性研究设计。使用不同的工具:RAVEN、有效阅读、Brief II、MAPE II和Coopersmith量表。结果:研究结果表明,由推理、言语影响、执行功能和自尊形成的预测模型解释了55.4%的学业成绩。作为中介变量,自尊既是认知变量和动机变量的预测因子,也是执行功能的预测因子。讨论:这意味着在小学课堂上具有教育性质的理论和实践意义,并具有实际意义,以便实施发展自尊和执行功能的计划。
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引用次数: 1
An Auditory Stroop Test to Implement in Cognitive Hearing Sciences: Development and Normative Data. 在认知听力科学中实施的听觉Stroop测试:发展和规范数据。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5118
Katrien Kestens, Sofie Degeest, Marijke Miatton, Hannah Keppler

Objective: This study developed and gained insight in an auditory Stroop test, implementable in cognitive hearing sciences.

Methods: An auditory Stroop test was developed and performed in 178 participants, aged between 18 and 69 years. This Auditory Stroop test consisted of two tests: Stroop-tones and Stroop-words whereby the pitch of pure-tones and spoken words (i.e., the words high and low) had to be identified by high or low, respectively. An interference score was calculated as a measure of verbal executive functioning. Regression models were conducted to examine the effect of age, sex, education, awakeness, hearing, as well as visual and verbal working memory, and processing speed on the auditory Stroop scores. Normative data were obtained per age decade.

Results: Compared to the visual counterparts, the auditory Stroop outcomes were better predicted by verbal working memory and processing speed. A trend was observed showing a decrease in performances with increasing age. No other participant-related variables had a significant relationship with the auditory Stroop test.

Conclusion: This auditory Stroop test was considered a good test for measuring executive functioning using auditory stimuli. Implementing this auditory Stroop test within cognitive hearing sciences will contribute to unravel the auditory-cognitive perspective of speech understanding.

目的:本研究开发并获得了听觉Stroop测试的见解,可在认知听力科学中实施。方法:对178名年龄在18岁至69岁之间的参与者进行了听觉Stroop测试。这个听觉Stroop测试包括两个测试:Stroop-tones和Stroop-words,其中纯音和口语单词(即high和low单词)的音高必须分别由high或low来识别。干扰得分作为言语执行功能的衡量标准。采用回归模型检验年龄、性别、教育程度、清醒程度、听力、视觉和言语工作记忆以及处理速度对听觉Stroop得分的影响。标准数据按年龄10年计算。结果:言语工作记忆和加工速度能较好地预测听觉Stroop结果。随着年龄的增长,表现出性能下降的趋势。没有其他与参与者相关的变量与听觉Stroop测试有显著的关系。结论:该听觉Stroop测验被认为是使用听觉刺激测量执行功能的一个很好的测验。在认知听力科学中实施这种听觉Stroop测试将有助于揭示言语理解的听觉认知视角。
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引用次数: 5
Family Hardiness and Parent and Family Functioning in Households with Children Experiencing Adverse Life Conditions: a Meta-Analysis. 家庭适应力与父母和家庭功能在儿童经历不良生活条件的家庭:一项元分析。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5236
Carl J Dunst

Objective: The purposes of the meta-analysis were to evaluate the relationship between family hardiness and different dimensions of parent and family functioning in households experiencing adverse child or family life events and circumstances and determine if family hardiness had either or both stress-buffering and healthenhancing effects on parent and family functioning.

Method: Studies were included if the correlations between family hardiness and different dimensions of parental or family functioning were reported. The synthesis included 53 studies (N = 4418 participants) conducted in nine countries between 1992 and 2017.

Results: showed that family hardiness was related to less parental stress, anxiety/depression, and parenting burden/demands and positively related to parental global health, well-being, and parenting practices. Results also showed that family hardiness was negatively related to family stress and positively related to family life satisfaction, adaptation, and cohesion. The effects sizes between family hardiness and positive parent and family functioning indicators were larger than those for stress-buffering indicators. Child and family life events and child age moderated the relationship between family hardiness and family but not parental functioning.

Conclusion: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that family hardiness is an internal resource that simultaneously has stress-buffering and health-enhancing effects on parent and family functioning.

目的:本荟萃分析的目的是评估在经历不良儿童或家庭生活事件和环境的家庭中,家庭适应力与父母和家庭功能的不同维度之间的关系,并确定家庭适应力是否对父母和家庭功能有缓解压力和促进健康的作用。方法:对家庭适应力与父母或家庭功能的不同维度的相关性进行研究。该综合研究包括1992年至2017年间在9个国家进行的53项研究(N = 4418名参与者)。结果表明:家庭适应力与父母压力、焦虑/抑郁、父母负担/需求的减少有关,与父母整体健康、幸福感和父母教养方式呈正相关。家庭适应力与家庭压力呈负相关,与家庭生活满意度、适应能力和凝聚力呈正相关。家庭适应力对积极父母和家庭功能指标的影响大于对压力缓冲指标的影响。儿童和家庭生活事件和儿童年龄对家庭适应力和家庭功能之间的关系有调节作用,但对父母功能没有调节作用。结论:家庭适应力是一种内在资源,同时对父母和家庭功能具有压力缓冲和健康促进作用。
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引用次数: 8
Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: A Study on the Beliefs of Trainee Teachers in Spain and Latin America. 亲密伴侣暴力侵害妇女:西班牙和拉丁美洲实习教师信仰研究
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5103
Enrique Bonilla-Algovia, Esther Rivas-Rivero

Objective: The main aim of this study is to analyse the acceptance of distorted beliefs about gender roles and violence against women in a sample of future teachers from Spain and Latin America.

Method: The methodology used has been quantitative, and the design is cross-sectional. The sampling was intentional and not probabilistic. The sample is composed of 2395 trainee teachers who studied at universities and higher education centers from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Spain, and Mexico. Information was collected through a structured questionnaire that included the Inventory of Distorted Thoughts about Women and the Use of Violence-Revised (Echeburúa et al., 2016). The analysis used (chi-square, Student T, and ANOVA) made it possible to evaluate the influence of sex and country.

Results: The results show statistically significant differences among countries in the acceptance of distorted beliefs. Men, compared to women, tend to present more cognitive distortions about gender roles and intimate partner violence against women.

Conclusion: The education system is one of the main socialising agents, so teacher training in equality is essential to eliminate gender biases and contribute to the promotion of a society free of violence against women.

目的:本研究的主要目的是分析来自西班牙和拉丁美洲的未来教师样本中对性别角色和暴力侵害妇女行为的扭曲信念的接受程度。方法:采用定量方法,采用横断面设计。抽样是有意的,而不是概率性的。样本由2395名实习教师组成,他们在阿根廷、智利、哥伦比亚、萨尔瓦多、西班牙和墨西哥的大学和高等教育中心学习。通过结构化问卷收集信息,其中包括关于妇女和使用暴力的扭曲思想清单-修订(Echeburúa等人,2016)。使用的分析(卡方、学生T和方差分析)使评估性别和国家的影响成为可能。结果:不同国家对扭曲信念的接受程度存在显著差异。与妇女相比,男子在性别角色和亲密伴侣对妇女的暴力行为方面往往表现出更多的认知扭曲。结论:教育系统是主要的社会化媒介之一,因此平等方面的教师培训对于消除性别偏见和促进无暴力侵害妇女行为的社会至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Ethics Position and Leadership Style in a Mayor's Office. 市长办公室的道德、立场和领导风格。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5573
Fernando Alexander Garzón-Lasso, Francisco López-Gallego, Percy Marquina

Introduction: Recent cases of unethical behavior in organizations indicate the need to carry out empirical research about it.

Objective: Determine the existence of a relationship between ethics and leadership, demanded by society and prescribed by various academic theories.Method: For this reason, through the conduction of non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative research, it is sought to make a process of falsification of the theoretical proposals in the context of a municipal mayoralty. In the development of the research, the responses of 219 leaders were satisfactorily received, answering questions from two psychometric instruments of wide recognition and academic validity, the Ethics Position Questionnaire and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. They were carried out both through an exploratory data analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis, and a model of structural equations that tested the existence of a relation between the ethical position and the styles of leadership.

Results: It was also possible to identify the influence exerted by the different ethical positions in each one of the styles of leadership in a local public administration.

Conclusions: These findings facilitate the identification of ethical leadership models in local public organizations and contribute towards the empirical demonstration of the current discussion on the relationship between ethics and leadership in organizations.

引言:最近组织中不道德行为的案例表明需要对此进行实证研究。目的:确定道德与领导之间的关系是否存在,这是社会所要求的,也是各种学术理论所规定的。方法:为此,通过非实验的、横断面的、定量的研究,试图在市政市长的背景下对理论建议进行证伪。在研究的发展过程中,219名领导者的回答得到了满意的结果,他们回答了两种广泛认可和学术效度的心理测量工具——道德立场问卷和多因素领导力问卷。他们通过探索性数据分析和验证性因素分析以及结构方程模型进行了研究,该模型测试了道德立场和领导风格之间存在的关系。结果:还可以确定不同伦理立场对地方公共行政领导风格的影响。结论:这些发现有助于识别地方公共组织中的伦理领导模型,并有助于实证证明当前关于组织中伦理与领导关系的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Coronavirus and Mental Health 冠状病毒与心理健康
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.30564/JPR.V3I2.2966
Vanshika Beri
Coronavirus, our new chemical enemy, have become successful in changing our lives to an extent that now we have to think twice before stepping out of house. It has impacted negatively on not only our physical health but also psychological health. The current study was done to see the impact of coronavirus related anxiety on depressive tendencies. Further, it was assessed whether there is any interaction between gender and coronavirus anxiety on depressive tendencies. The linear regression indicated that coronavirus anxiety is strongly related to depressive tendencies. However, two-way ANOVA indicated that there is insignificant difference as to how males and females face depressive tendencies. Finally, there is insignificant interaction between gender and coronavirus anxiety on depressive tendencies.  The implications, limitations and future suggestions are also given on the basis of the findings so obtained.
冠状病毒是我们新的化学敌人,它已经成功地改变了我们的生活,以至于我们现在必须三思而后行。它不仅对我们的身体健康有负面影响,而且对我们的心理健康也有负面影响。目前的研究是为了了解冠状病毒相关的焦虑对抑郁倾向的影响。此外,还评估了性别和冠状病毒焦虑对抑郁倾向之间是否存在相互作用。线性回归表明,冠状病毒焦虑与抑郁倾向密切相关。然而,双向方差分析显示,男性和女性面对抑郁倾向的方式差异不显著。性别与冠状病毒焦虑对抑郁倾向的交互作用不显著。根据所获得的调查结果,还提出了影响、限制和未来的建议。
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引用次数: 4
The Effect of WeChat Usage on Upward Social Comparison in Undergraduates 微信使用对大学生向上社会比较的影响
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.30564/JPR.V3I1.2804
Yongmei Hou, X. Yi
Objective To explore the status of undergraduates’ WeChat usage and upward social comparison, and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Method:Totally 754 WeChat undergraduates were selected through poster recruitment from 5 colleges in Guangdong Province. They were investigated with Access Frequency to Social Networking Site Scale (AFSNSS), Upward Social Comparison Subscale of Iowa-Nwtherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-USCS). Results:The score of overall emotional engagement(OEE) of AFSNSS and the total standard score of INCOM–USCS (TSSI-U) were (22.41±4.70) and (0±4.5), respectively. The correlation between WeChat frequency and TSSI-U was not significant.TSSI-U was significantly postively correlated with the score of OEE and other items of AFSNSS (r=0.161~0.413, P <0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that The scores of item 1,7and 8 of AFSNSS, as well as family economic status, grade ranking of academic performance (GRAP) and the purpose of WeChat use were postively correlated with TSSI-U (β=.104~.234, P<.05). Class cadre or not and origin were negatively correlated with TSSI-U (β=-.089, -.130,P<.05). Conclusion:It suggests that WeChat usage may be a related factor for undergraduates'upward social comparison. 
目的了解大学生微信使用与向上社会攀比的现状,并分析两者之间的关系。方法:采用招贴招聘的方式,从广东省5所高校抽取754名微信本科生。采用社交网站访问频率量表(AFSNSS)、爱荷华-荷兰比较取向量表(INCOM-USCS)向上社会比较子量表进行调查。结果:AFSNSS整体情绪投入(OEE)得分为(22.41±4.70)分,INCOM-USCS (tsi - u)总标准分为(0±4.5)分。微信频率与tsi - u的相关性不显著。TSSI-U与情感表达得分及其他单项得分呈显著正相关(r=0.161~0.413, P <0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,AFSNSS第1、7、8项得分以及家庭经济状况、学业成绩年级排名(GRAP)、微信使用目的与TSSI-U呈正相关(β= 0.104 ~)。234年,P < . 05)。是否为班干部、出身与tsi - u呈负相关(β=-)。089年,-.130 P < . 05)。结论:微信的使用可能是大学生向上社会比较的一个相关因素。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Pre-Marital Counseling and Psychological Variables on Marital Satisfaction Among Married Couples in Laterbiokoshie, Accra, Ghana. 婚前咨询及心理变量对加纳阿克拉拉特比奥科希已婚夫妇婚姻满意度的影响。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-06 DOI: 10.30564/JPR.V3I1.2544
A. Udofia, E. E. Bonsi, G. F. Agbakpe, E. Udofia
The study examined the effect of pre-marital counseling on marital satisfaction and the relationship of three psychological variables, intimacy, self-esteem and locus of control among married couples who received marital counseling and married couples who did not receive marital counseling. The study employed a cross-sectional survey. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess all variables of interest. Data entry, validation and analysis was done using the Statistical Product and Services Solution software (SPSS version 25). The total number of study participants were 720. The sample was predominantly female, 430 (60%) and Christian, 675 (94%). Study participants who were married by ordinance comprised 400 (56%) and most of them attended pre-marital counseling 470 (65%) for at least five months (Mean, S.D. = 5.543.44). The results showed that couples who attended pre-marital counseling before marriage were more significantly satisfied with their marriages than those who did not attend pre-marital counseling before marrying [t(718) = 2.050, p<.05]. Intimacy and self-esteem significantly influenced marital satisfaction among married couples who received pre-marital counseling, whereas only intimacy had a significant influence among couples who did not receive pre-marital counseling. Pre-marital counseling should be encouraged in all counseling centers and churches.
本研究考察了婚前咨询对接受婚姻咨询和未接受婚姻咨询的已婚夫妇的婚姻满意度的影响以及亲密、自尊和控制点三个心理变量的关系。这项研究采用了横断面调查。标准化问卷用于评估所有感兴趣的变量。数据输入、验证和分析使用统计产品和服务解决方案软件(SPSS版本25)完成。研究参与者的总人数为720人。样本以女性430人(60%)和基督徒675人(94%)为主。根据婚姻法结婚的研究参与者有400人(56%),其中大部分参加了至少5个月的婚前咨询470人(65%)(Mean, S.D. = 5.543.44)。结果显示,婚前接受过婚前咨询的夫妻对婚姻的满意度显著高于未接受婚前咨询的夫妻[t(718) = 2.050, p< 0.05]。在接受婚前咨询的已婚夫妇中,亲密关系和自尊显著影响婚姻满意度,而在未接受婚前咨询的夫妇中,只有亲密关系显著影响婚姻满意度。所有的咨询中心和教堂都应该鼓励婚前咨询。
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引用次数: 2
Pearls of wisdom: Israeli elderly reflect on their lives and make suggestions for future generations 智慧之珠:以色列老年人反思自己的生活,并为后代提出建议
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-06 DOI: 10.30564/JPR.V3I1.2693
A. Rokach
Reminiscing by older adults can facilitate beneficial outcomes through the preparation for the end of life, the cohesiveness of life narratives, and creation of life meanings. Given this, and the historical challenges of communication between generations, the objective of this study was two-fold: (1) to harness the beneficial role reminiscence can play in the mental health of older adults; (2) to facilitate generational learning by documenting and thematically analyzing the experiences and knowledge of older adults. We hypothesized that our interviews, which had the stated goal of helping younger people navigate life challenges, would not only act as catalyst for the participants to reminisce but also create a corpus of knowledge which could be later distilled into accessible “pearls of wisdom”. The interviews were conducted in Israel with 102 participants who were between 60 and 93 years of age with six questions constructed to promote further commentary. Through the interviews we were successful in producing a large representation of the older adults’ experiences and what they believed would be beneficial for the younger generation. Due to the potential benefits for participants and larger communities we recommend this approach be adopted for future studies.
老年人的回忆可以通过为生命的终结做准备、生命叙事的凝聚力和生命意义的创造来促进有益的结果。考虑到这一点,以及代际交流的历史挑战,本研究的目的是双重的:(1)利用回忆对老年人心理健康的有益作用;(2)通过记录和专题分析老年人的经验和知识,促进代际学习。我们假设我们的访谈,其目的是帮助年轻人应对生活中的挑战,不仅可以作为参与者回忆的催化剂,还可以创造一个知识语料库,这些语料库可以在以后提炼成可获取的“智慧之珠”。访谈是在以色列进行的,102名参与者年龄在60到93岁之间,有6个问题,以促进进一步的评论。通过采访,我们成功地收集了大量老年人的经历,以及他们认为对年轻一代有益的东西。由于对参与者和更大的社区有潜在的好处,我们建议在未来的研究中采用这种方法。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Psychological Research
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