首页 > 最新文献

International Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

英文 中文
Psychometric properties of the Sexual Double Standard Scale (DSS) in Chilean university students: Differences according to sex, gender attitudes, and religiosity. 智利大学生性别双重标准量表(DSS)的心理测量特征:性别、性别态度和宗教信仰的差异
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5435
Camila Díaz-Gutiérrez, Beatriz Pérez, Andrés Concha-Salgado

Given the complete lack of instruments in Chile to measure the phenomenon of the sexual double standard (SDS), this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the sexual double standard scale (DSS). The sample contained 1036 university students from central and southern Chile. 61.1% (n = 633) were women, the average age was 20.4 years, and 31.7% (n = 259) identified as atheist or agnostic. The DSS demonstrated a unidimensional structure, excellent reliability, and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity: the higher the score in SDS, the greater the stereotypical attitudes about gender and the lower the transcendent attitudes. The religious participants obtained higher mean scores on the DSS and men obtained significantly higher SDS scores than women. In addition, the group of participants with extreme stereotypical attitudes obtained significantly higher scores on the DSS than the extreme transcendent attitudes group, in both men and women samples. Based on the evidence that links the SDS with sexual functioning and satisfaction, risky sexual practices, sexual aggression and victimization, and intimate partner violence, the DSS stands out as a contribution to the development of sex-affective education programs and the identification of individuals and groups at risk.

鉴于智利完全缺乏测量性双重标准(SDS)现象的工具,本研究旨在评估性双重标准量表(DSS)的心理测量特性。该样本包含来自智利中南部的1036名大学生,其中61.1% (n = 633)为女性,平均年龄为20.4岁,31.7% (n = 259)为无神论者或不可知论者。量表具有单向度结构、良好的信度、趋同效度和区别效度的证据:量表得分越高,性别刻板态度越高,超越态度越低。宗教参与者在DSS上的平均得分较高,男性的SDS得分显著高于女性。此外,在男性和女性样本中,极端刻板态度组的DSS得分显著高于极端超越态度组。基于将SDS与性功能和性满足、风险性行为、性侵犯和受害以及亲密伴侣暴力联系起来的证据,DSS对性情感教育项目的发展以及对处于风险中的个人和群体的识别做出了突出贡献。
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Sexual Double Standard Scale (DSS) in Chilean university students: Differences according to sex, gender attitudes, and religiosity.","authors":"Camila Díaz-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Beatriz Pérez,&nbsp;Andrés Concha-Salgado","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the complete lack of instruments in Chile to measure the phenomenon of the sexual double standard (SDS), this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the sexual double standard scale (DSS). The sample contained 1036 university students from central and southern Chile. 61.1% (n = 633) were women, the average age was 20.4 years, and 31.7% (n = 259) identified as atheist or agnostic. The DSS demonstrated a unidimensional structure, excellent reliability, and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity: the higher the score in SDS, the greater the stereotypical attitudes about gender and the lower the transcendent attitudes. The religious participants obtained higher mean scores on the DSS and men obtained significantly higher SDS scores than women. In addition, the group of participants with extreme stereotypical attitudes obtained significantly higher scores on the DSS than the extreme transcendent attitudes group, in both men and women samples. Based on the evidence that links the SDS with sexual functioning and satisfaction, risky sexual practices, sexual aggression and victimization, and intimate partner violence, the DSS stands out as a contribution to the development of sex-affective education programs and the identification of individuals and groups at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/29/2011-2084-ijpr-15-02-10.PMC10233959.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9582698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Interaction Effects of Age and Body Size on Body Appreciation and Health- Related Behaviors. 年龄和体型对身体欣赏和健康相关行为的交互作用。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5490
Minsun Lee, Hyun-Hwa Lee

Whilst the associations among age, body size, body (dis)satisfaction, and weight management behavior have been well documented, there is little research on how the combination of age and body size is related to body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study is to identify the associations of age, body size, and their interactions with body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions among Korean women. A cross-sectional research design was adopted with a convenience sampling method. Using an online survey questionnaire, complete data on body appreciation, health-related behavioral intentions, body size, height, weight, and age were collected from 531 Korean adult women aged 20-77 years. Using average scores for each variable, a series of hierarchical regression analyses were performed to identify the relative contributions of predictor variables on each criterion variable. The significant interaction terms were further examined using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Overall, older Korean women were found to be more likely to have a positive body image and lower levels of behavioral intentions towards striving for a healthy body than younger women. This study confirmed the relative contribution of subjective body size in explaining women's body-related perceptions and behaviors, as compared to their actual BMI.

虽然年龄、体型、身体(不满意)和体重管理行为之间的关系已经有了很好的记录,但很少有研究表明年龄和体型的结合如何与身体欣赏和健康相关的行为意愿有关。本研究的目的是确定年龄、体型的关联,以及它们与韩国女性身体欣赏和健康相关行为意向的相互作用。采用横断面研究设计,方便抽样。通过在线调查问卷,收集了531名年龄在20-77岁的韩国成年女性关于身体欣赏、健康相关行为意向、体型、身高、体重和年龄的完整数据。使用每个变量的平均分,进行了一系列层次回归分析,以确定预测变量对每个标准变量的相对贡献。使用SPSS中的PROCESS宏进一步检查显著交互项。总体而言,与年轻女性相比,年龄较大的韩国女性更有可能拥有积极的身体形象,而且追求健康身体的行为意愿水平较低。这项研究证实,与实际的身体质量指数相比,主观体型在解释女性对身体的感知和行为方面的相对贡献。
{"title":"The Interaction Effects of Age and Body Size on Body Appreciation and Health- Related Behaviors.","authors":"Minsun Lee,&nbsp;Hyun-Hwa Lee","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whilst the associations among age, body size, body (dis)satisfaction, and weight management behavior have been well documented, there is little research on how the combination of age and body size is related to body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study is to identify the associations of age, body size, and their interactions with body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions among Korean women. A cross-sectional research design was adopted with a convenience sampling method. Using an online survey questionnaire, complete data on body appreciation, health-related behavioral intentions, body size, height, weight, and age were collected from 531 Korean adult women aged 20-77 years. Using average scores for each variable, a series of hierarchical regression analyses were performed to identify the relative contributions of predictor variables on each criterion variable. The significant interaction terms were further examined using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Overall, older Korean women were found to be more likely to have a positive body image and lower levels of behavioral intentions towards striving for a healthy body than younger women. This study confirmed the relative contribution of subjective body size in explaining women's body-related perceptions and behaviors, as compared to their actual BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/e2/2011-2084-ijpr-15-02-34.PMC10233953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychometrics of the SDQ-I for Palestinian Adolescent Students 巴勒斯坦青少年学生sdq - 1的心理测量
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4682
Haitham M. Alkhateeb, R. Nasser, Eiman F. Abushihab
The Self-description Questionnaire–I (SDQ–I) is a multidimensional instrument that measures eight self-concept facets hypothesized in Shavelson’s hierarchical model. This study investigated self-concept in a sample of Palestinian adolescent students using an Arabic version of the SDQ–I. Three-hundred sixty adolescents (163 girls and 197 boys) aged 13 to 16 years (M = 14.3, SD = .87) participated. The 72-item SDQ–I was administered in four Palestinian schools to assess the psychometric properties of the SDQ–I. This included the factor structure and the internal consistency reliability of the SDQ–I subscales and mean score responses of Palestinian self-concept. Factor analysis results, which accounted for the majority of the variance, supported an underlying general self-concept factor structure that demonstrated the eight factors that the SDQ–I is designed to measure. This is consistent with previous studies in similar age groups and the SDQ– I reliabilities were similar to those reported in the literature. Students perceived total self-concept positively (mean = 3.71). Three facets of self-concept (parent relations, reading, and general self-concept) indicated high positive selfconcept. Correlations among the different dimensions were consistent with the hierarchical structure in Shavelson’s model. Overall, the findings provided compelling support for Shavelson’s model, and the structure validity of Western self-concept measure. Interpretations were provided for the discrepancies regarding the Palestinian-Arab culture.
自我描述问卷- i (SDQ-I)是一个多维度的工具,测量了Shavelson分层模型中假设的八个自我概念方面。本研究使用阿拉伯语版本的SDQ-I来调查巴勒斯坦青少年学生的自我概念。共360名13 ~ 16岁青少年(163名女生,197名男生)参与调查(M = 14.3, SD = 0.87)。在四所巴勒斯坦学校中实施了72项sdq - 1,以评估sdq - 1的心理测量特性。这包括sdq - 1量表和巴勒斯坦人自我概念平均得分反应的因素结构和内部一致性信度。因子分析结果占大部分方差,支持潜在的一般自我概念因子结构,该结构证明了sdq - 1旨在测量的八个因素。这与之前在相似年龄组的研究一致,SDQ - 1的可靠性与文献报道的相似。学生对总自我概念有积极的感知(平均= 3.71)。自我概念的三个方面(父母关系、阅读和一般自我概念)表现出较高的积极自我概念。不同维度之间的相关性与Shavelson模型中的层次结构一致。总体而言,研究结果为Shavelson模型和西方自我概念测量的结构效度提供了强有力的支持。对巴勒斯坦-阿拉伯文化方面的差异作出了解释。
{"title":"Psychometrics of the SDQ-I for Palestinian Adolescent Students","authors":"Haitham M. Alkhateeb, R. Nasser, Eiman F. Abushihab","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4682","url":null,"abstract":"The Self-description Questionnaire–I (SDQ–I) is a multidimensional instrument that measures eight self-concept facets hypothesized in Shavelson’s hierarchical model. This study investigated self-concept in a sample of Palestinian adolescent students using an Arabic version of the SDQ–I. Three-hundred sixty adolescents (163 girls and 197 boys) aged 13 to 16 years (M = 14.3, SD = .87) participated. The 72-item SDQ–I was administered in four Palestinian schools to assess the psychometric properties of the SDQ–I. This included the factor structure and the internal consistency reliability of the SDQ–I subscales and mean score responses of Palestinian self-concept. Factor analysis results, which accounted for the majority of the variance, supported an underlying general self-concept factor structure that demonstrated the eight factors that the SDQ–I is designed to measure. This is consistent with previous studies in similar age groups and the SDQ– I reliabilities were similar to those reported in the literature. Students perceived total self-concept positively (mean = 3.71). Three facets of self-concept (parent relations, reading, and general self-concept) indicated high positive selfconcept. Correlations among the different dimensions were consistent with the hierarchical structure in Shavelson’s model. Overall, the findings provided compelling support for Shavelson’s model, and the structure validity of Western self-concept measure. Interpretations were provided for the discrepancies regarding the Palestinian-Arab culture.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81365290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs of Palestinian Elementary Education Students 巴勒斯坦小学学生的科学教学效能感信念
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4686
Haitham M. Alkhateeb, Ayal H. Alkhateeb
To assess elementary education students’ self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching, the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument developed by Enochs and Riggs was used. The instrument consisted of two scales, Personal Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Scale and the Outcome Expectancy Scale. It was administered to 90 undergraduate university students majoring in elementary education at a large public Palestinian university. Results indicated that students’ self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching were comparable to those reported in the original study by Enochs and Riggs. Overall, the participants presented moderate to high self-efficacy in science teaching.
本研究采用Enochs和Riggs开发的科学教学效能信念量表来评估初等教育学生在科学教学中的自我效能信念。本量表由个人科学教学效能信念量表和结果期望量表两部分组成。研究对象是一所大型巴勒斯坦公立大学的90名主修初等教育的大学生。结果表明,学生在科学教学中的自我效能感信念与Enochs和Riggs的原始研究报告相当。总体而言,参与者在科学教学中表现出中高的自我效能感。
{"title":"Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs of Palestinian Elementary Education Students","authors":"Haitham M. Alkhateeb, Ayal H. Alkhateeb","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4686","url":null,"abstract":"To assess elementary education students’ self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching, the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument developed by Enochs and Riggs was used. The instrument consisted of two scales, Personal Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Scale and the Outcome Expectancy Scale. It was administered to 90 undergraduate university students majoring in elementary education at a large public Palestinian university. Results indicated that students’ self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching were comparable to those reported in the original study by Enochs and Riggs. Overall, the participants presented moderate to high self-efficacy in science teaching.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79568238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
There is No Mystery in Social System 社会制度没有奥秘
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4621
Haitao Liu
There is a gap between the properties of social reality and the natural properties of the material bearer that carries it. Language constructivism uses language representations to bridge this gap, arguing that language constructs social reality. Emergence theory holds that the attributes of social reality cannot be reduced to the physical attributes of the carrier. This process is emergent. Language constructivism regards the process from mental reality to social reality as the product of language's own operation and the secret is hidden in language itself. Emergentism directly led social reality to mysticism. Mental reality is an initial existence, which includes both innate desires and needs and acquired values. Social reality is the external reality created by the subject through action according to his internal needs and desires. Mental reality and social reality are dynamically integrated into each other, which is achieved through rule-based action.
在社会现实的属性和承载它的物质载体的自然属性之间存在着差距。语言建构主义用语言表征来弥补这一差距,认为语言建构了社会现实。涌现理论认为,社会现实的属性不能简化为载体的物理属性。这个过程是突发的。语言建构主义认为,从心理现实到社会现实的过程是语言自身运行的产物,秘密隐藏在语言本身。涌现主义直接将社会现实引向神秘主义。心理现实是一种初始存在,它既包括先天的欲望和需要,也包括后天的价值。社会现实是主体根据自身的内在需要和欲望,通过行动创造出来的外在现实。精神现实和社会现实动态地相互融合,这是通过基于规则的行动来实现的。
{"title":"There is No Mystery in Social System","authors":"Haitao Liu","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4621","url":null,"abstract":"There is a gap between the properties of social reality and the natural properties of the material bearer that carries it. Language constructivism uses language representations to bridge this gap, arguing that language constructs social reality. Emergence theory holds that the attributes of social reality cannot be reduced to the physical attributes of the carrier. This process is emergent. Language constructivism regards the process from mental reality to social reality as the product of language's own operation and the secret is hidden in language itself. Emergentism directly led social reality to mysticism. Mental reality is an initial existence, which includes both innate desires and needs and acquired values. Social reality is the external reality created by the subject through action according to his internal needs and desires. Mental reality and social reality are dynamically integrated into each other, which is achieved through rule-based action.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76028760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Evidence and Diverse Perspectives on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review 注意缺陷/多动障碍的现有证据和不同观点:系统综述
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4384
A. Amnie
Introduction:  ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Although the disorder starts to manifest early in childhood, a significant proportion of cases often persists into adulthood. ADHD negatively and significantly impacts social and occupational functioning and academic performance.  A number of extant theories and scientific evidence provide insight into the genesis and manifestations of ADHD and the attendant challenges of significant dysfunction that individuals may encounter at home, school, and the workplace. Method: This systematic review was conducted through a literature search for published peer-reviewed articles using standard PRISMA guidelines.  The goal of the study was to explore current theories, models, concepts, and risk factors about ADHD in published in peer-reviewed literature,. We made use of use several online databases— including PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Medline in the process of searching for relevant studies. Relevant peer-reviewed publications since the 1980s when the term Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was introduced in DSM-III-R were included. Non-peer-reviewed publications, including dissertations,  editorials, commentaries, and materials published in languages other than English were excluded. Results and Discussion: The results of the review indicated that ADHD is characterized by a behavioral reaction that interferes with personal and social functioning. The factors associated with ADHD fall into several major thematic areas, including genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors, crystallized by a number of developmental and behavioral theories. The review also identified a number of extant models and theories that attempt to explain the diverse perspectives associated with ADHD. Conclusion: This study has attempted to identify the major risk factors and diverse models and theories associated with ADHD.  The thematic risk factors include genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors. The most prominent models identified include the biomedical model and the bio-psycho-social models, the latter being a more holistic approach which aims to treat both the patient and the disease. This review would provide an additional evidence base to individuals, families, and educators to make informed choices and decisions in the best interest of the affected children, including personal growth, healthcare, and medical needs, academic performance, and social skills development. 
ADHD是儿童和青少年最常见的神经发育障碍之一。虽然这种疾病在儿童早期就开始表现出来,但很大一部分病例通常会持续到成年。多动症对社会、职业功能和学习成绩有显著的负面影响。许多现存的理论和科学证据提供了对ADHD的起源和表现的见解,以及个人可能在家庭、学校和工作场所遇到的重大功能障碍的挑战。方法:采用标准PRISMA指南对已发表的同行评议文章进行文献检索。这项研究的目的是探索目前发表在同行评议文献中的关于多动症的理论、模型、概念和风险因素。在检索相关研究的过程中,我们使用了PsycINFO、PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、Medline等多个在线数据库。收录了自20世纪80年代DSM-III-R中引入注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)一词以来的相关同行评议出版物。非同行评审的出版物,包括论文、社论、评论和非英语语言出版的材料被排除在外。结果和讨论:回顾的结果表明ADHD的特征是一种干扰个人和社会功能的行为反应。与ADHD相关的因素分为几个主要的主题领域,包括遗传和遗传因素;饮食和营养因素;教养与行为因素;不良的早期生活事件和高风险的环境因素,由许多发育和行为理论结晶。该综述还确定了一些现存的模型和理论,试图解释与多动症相关的不同观点。结论:本研究试图确定ADHD的主要危险因素以及与ADHD相关的多种模型和理论。专题风险因素包括遗传因素和遗传因素;饮食和营养因素;教养与行为因素;不良的早期生活事件和高风险的环境因素。确定的最突出的模型包括生物医学模型和生物心理社会模型,后者是一种更全面的方法,旨在治疗患者和疾病。这项审查将为个人、家庭和教育工作者提供额外的证据基础,以便为受影响儿童的最佳利益做出明智的选择和决定,包括个人成长、医疗保健和医疗需求、学习成绩和社会技能发展。
{"title":"Current Evidence and Diverse Perspectives on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review","authors":"A. Amnie","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4384","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:  ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Although the disorder starts to manifest early in childhood, a significant proportion of cases often persists into adulthood. ADHD negatively and significantly impacts social and occupational functioning and academic performance.  A number of extant theories and scientific evidence provide insight into the genesis and manifestations of ADHD and the attendant challenges of significant dysfunction that individuals may encounter at home, school, and the workplace. Method: This systematic review was conducted through a literature search for published peer-reviewed articles using standard PRISMA guidelines.  The goal of the study was to explore current theories, models, concepts, and risk factors about ADHD in published in peer-reviewed literature,. We made use of use several online databases— including PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Medline in the process of searching for relevant studies. Relevant peer-reviewed publications since the 1980s when the term Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was introduced in DSM-III-R were included. Non-peer-reviewed publications, including dissertations,  editorials, commentaries, and materials published in languages other than English were excluded. Results and Discussion: The results of the review indicated that ADHD is characterized by a behavioral reaction that interferes with personal and social functioning. The factors associated with ADHD fall into several major thematic areas, including genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors, crystallized by a number of developmental and behavioral theories. The review also identified a number of extant models and theories that attempt to explain the diverse perspectives associated with ADHD. Conclusion: This study has attempted to identify the major risk factors and diverse models and theories associated with ADHD.  The thematic risk factors include genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors. The most prominent models identified include the biomedical model and the bio-psycho-social models, the latter being a more holistic approach which aims to treat both the patient and the disease. This review would provide an additional evidence base to individuals, families, and educators to make informed choices and decisions in the best interest of the affected children, including personal growth, healthcare, and medical needs, academic performance, and social skills development. ","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74843145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Photographs and Time Lag on Positivity Ratings of Vacation and Weekend Memories 照片和时间滞后对假期和周末记忆的积极评价的作用
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4131
K. Dijkstra, Keri A. Pekaar, Jacky Hooftman, Y. Osch
Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time. Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity ratings than memories that were not photographed. Although we expected fading of positivity ratings to occur more slowly over a period of two months for memories of photographed events, we found faster affect fading for those memories in Study 2 instead. The findings of the two studies support the idea that taking photographs of events sustains the affective reconstruction of autobiographical memories, regardless of whether these events are special, such as vacation memories, or more mundane, such as memories of the past weekend.
有两项研究考察了对某一事件进行拍照是否会影响人们日后对该事件评价的积极性这一问题。有照片的记忆比没有照片的记忆产生了更高的积极评价。尽管我们预期在两个月的时间里,对拍摄的事件的记忆,积极评价的消退速度会慢一些,但我们发现,在研究2中,这些记忆的影响消退速度反而更快。这两项研究的结果支持了这样一种观点,即拍摄事件可以维持自传式记忆的情感重建,无论这些事件是特别的,比如度假记忆,还是更平凡的,比如上周末的记忆。
{"title":"The Role of Photographs and Time Lag on Positivity Ratings of Vacation and Weekend Memories","authors":"K. Dijkstra, Keri A. Pekaar, Jacky Hooftman, Y. Osch","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4131","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time. Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity ratings than memories that were not photographed. Although we expected fading of positivity ratings to occur more slowly over a period of two months for memories of photographed events, we found faster affect fading for those memories in Study 2 instead. The findings of the two studies support the idea that taking photographs of events sustains the affective reconstruction of autobiographical memories, regardless of whether these events are special, such as vacation memories, or more mundane, such as memories of the past weekend.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88730385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review 儿童睡眠问题的远程干预:综述
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4166
Tatiana Matheus Pinto, Jéssica Dayane da Silva, R. Rafihi-Ferreira, E. Silvares
Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families; however, parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats, such as the distance treatment. This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions. Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO, using the key words: sleep problems, insomnia, nighttime fears, behavioral intervention, behavioral treatment, treatment, intervention, sleep, behavior, child, children, infant, mobile phones, smartphone, app, telephone, online, internet, bibliotherapy. We included 14 studies. The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks, the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines, and semipresential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent. Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions. Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep, and secondary results (parental sleep and/or mental health) were also reported among studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising, but future research is still needed
儿童时期的睡眠问题很常见,可能对儿童及其家庭造成损害;然而,父母取向在许多新的形式中似乎是有效的,比如距离治疗。本研究旨在回顾有关远距离行为干预儿童睡眠问题的文献,并总结此类干预的主要特点。截至2021年11月,在BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil、SCOPUS和PsycINFO中进行搜索,关键词:睡眠问题、失眠、夜间恐惧、行为干预、行为治疗、治疗、干预、睡眠、行为、儿童、儿童、婴儿、手机、智能手机、应用程序、电话、在线、互联网、阅读疗法。我们纳入了14项研究。主要结果表明,干预措施在2至12周之间实施,报告最多的程序是睡前程序,而需要一些在场接触的半在场干预是最常见的。通过阅读疗法和电话联系提供有关睡眠的书面教育信息是实施远程干预的最常用工具。10项研究表明儿童睡眠得到改善,研究还报告了次要结果(父母睡眠和/或心理健康)。因此,我们的研究结果表明,远程干预儿童睡眠问题是有希望的,但仍需要进一步的研究
{"title":"Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review","authors":"Tatiana Matheus Pinto, Jéssica Dayane da Silva, R. Rafihi-Ferreira, E. Silvares","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4166","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families; however, parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats, such as the distance treatment. This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions. Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO, using the key words: sleep problems, insomnia, nighttime fears, behavioral intervention, behavioral treatment, treatment, intervention, sleep, behavior, child, children, infant, mobile phones, smartphone, app, telephone, online, internet, bibliotherapy. We included 14 studies. The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks, the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines, and semipresential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent. Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions. Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep, and secondary results (parental sleep and/or mental health) were also reported among studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising, but future research is still needed","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79021214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychological Complaints at Psychological Emergency Service Associated with Referral to Extended Screening in a Psychology School Clinic 心理急救中心的心理投诉与转介到心理学校诊所的扩展筛查有关
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4212
C. R. Baldassarini, Naiara Pinto Alves Pereira, Larissa Nicolau Pitta, Marcelo Monteiro De Souza, C. Rosa, Fernanda Pessolo Rocha
The Psychological Emergency Service (PES) at psychology school clinics is an unscheduled and free psychological service to meet urgent demands. From this service, some patients whose complaints require more time for clinical work are referred to the Extended Screening (ES), a modality composed of six extra appointments. This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic profile of patients seen on PES in a Brazilian Psychology School Clinic, and to identify the demands that motivated referral to the ES, for better qualification of the care offered. This is a descriptive analysis research, carried out based on data from the medical records of 46 patients who went through the PES and were referred to the ES at the institution, between the years 2019 and 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected and, from the session reports, a content analysis of the thematic analysis modality was performed to identify the complaints. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 65 years, with a mean of 32.28 years (sd = 10.95). There was a predominance of female participants (71.74%), that completed High School (39.14%) and had an income from one to two Brazilian minimum wages (32.61%). The most frequent complaints were depressive symptoms (56.52%) and difficulties in interpersonal relationships (32.61%). The results obtained, besides allowing the survey of the social and demographic profile of the clientele of the PES at the Psychology School Clinic, and demonstrating its social relevance by providing free psychological care, also show to be of great importance for the definition of more accurate criteria for referral to the ES of patients seen on PES.
心理学校诊所的心理紧急服务(PES)是一种不定期的免费心理服务,以满足紧急需求。从这项服务中,一些病人的投诉需要更多的时间进行临床工作被转介到扩展筛查(ES),一种由六次额外预约组成的模式。本研究旨在分析巴西心理学学校诊所PES患者的社会人口学特征,并确定促使转介到ES的需求,以获得更好的护理资格。这是一项描述性分析研究,基于2019年至2021年间46名患者的医疗记录数据,这些患者通过PES并被转介到该机构的ES。收集了社会人口统计数据,并从会议报告中对专题分析方式进行了内容分析,以确定投诉。参与者年龄从18岁到65岁不等,平均32.28岁(sd = 10.95)。女性参与者占主导地位(71.74%),高中毕业(39.14%),收入为巴西最低工资的一到两倍(32.61%)。最常见的主诉是抑郁症状(56.52%)和人际关系困难(32.61%)。所获得的结果,除了允许调查心理学校诊所PES客户的社会和人口统计资料,并通过提供免费心理护理证明其社会相关性外,还显示出对PES患者转诊到ES的更准确标准的定义具有重要意义。
{"title":"Psychological Complaints at Psychological Emergency Service Associated with Referral to Extended Screening in a Psychology School Clinic","authors":"C. R. Baldassarini, Naiara Pinto Alves Pereira, Larissa Nicolau Pitta, Marcelo Monteiro De Souza, C. Rosa, Fernanda Pessolo Rocha","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4212","url":null,"abstract":"The Psychological Emergency Service (PES) at psychology school clinics is an unscheduled and free psychological service to meet urgent demands. From this service, some patients whose complaints require more time for clinical work are referred to the Extended Screening (ES), a modality composed of six extra appointments. This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic profile of patients seen on PES in a Brazilian Psychology School Clinic, and to identify the demands that motivated referral to the ES, for better qualification of the care offered. This is a descriptive analysis research, carried out based on data from the medical records of 46 patients who went through the PES and were referred to the ES at the institution, between the years 2019 and 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected and, from the session reports, a content analysis of the thematic analysis modality was performed to identify the complaints. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 65 years, with a mean of 32.28 years (sd = 10.95). There was a predominance of female participants (71.74%), that completed High School (39.14%) and had an income from one to two Brazilian minimum wages (32.61%). The most frequent complaints were depressive symptoms (56.52%) and difficulties in interpersonal relationships (32.61%). The results obtained, besides allowing the survey of the social and demographic profile of the clientele of the PES at the Psychology School Clinic, and demonstrating its social relevance by providing free psychological care, also show to be of great importance for the definition of more accurate criteria for referral to the ES of patients seen on PES.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85586954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outlook of Cognitive Neuroscience 认知神经科学展望
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4287
Bo Liu, Wei Xie
Social science researches at present emphasize the construction of relations between multiple constructs. Psychological science is no exception. Before verifying whether their hypotheses are true with a questionnaire method or experimental method, scholars will check out the hot topics of recent years and construct multiple mediating and moderating relations first. They work on scattered topics that more or less overlap with many other disciplines. In previous years, the author focused on studying the youths with poor mental health in the new era of China, observing their moral choices in the corporate environment through game theory experiments. The conclusions are usually surprising- most new-generation youths choose to maximize their self-interests from between pro-social behaviors and risk aversion.
目前的社会科学研究强调构建多重构念之间的关系。心理科学也不例外。在通过问卷调查法或实验法验证假设是否成立之前,学者们会先梳理近年来的热点话题,构建多重中介和调节关系。他们研究与许多其他学科或多或少重叠的分散主题。前几年,作者主要研究中国新时期心理健康状况不佳的青少年,通过博弈论实验观察他们在企业环境下的道德选择。结论通常是令人惊讶的——大多数新一代青年在亲社会行为和风险厌恶之间选择最大化他们的自我利益。
{"title":"Outlook of Cognitive Neuroscience","authors":"Bo Liu, Wei Xie","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4287","url":null,"abstract":"Social science researches at present emphasize the construction of relations between multiple constructs. Psychological science is no exception. Before verifying whether their hypotheses are true with a questionnaire method or experimental method, scholars will check out the hot topics of recent years and construct multiple mediating and moderating relations first. They work on scattered topics that more or less overlap with many other disciplines. In previous years, the author focused on studying the youths with poor mental health in the new era of China, observing their moral choices in the corporate environment through game theory experiments. The conclusions are usually surprising- most new-generation youths choose to maximize their self-interests from between pro-social behaviors and risk aversion.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88599987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Psychological Research
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1