Depression represents a pervasive and devastating psychological difficulty. It affects over 21% of the population at some point in their lives and can have an unimaginable impact on both individuals and society. Behavioural activation represents a popular intervention for depression and is commonly used by psychologists internationally. Despite its popularity, the cognitive mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of behavioural activation remain elusive. This paper will review the literature on this intervention and propose an account of the cognitive mechanisms underlying its therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, it is argued that behavioural activation is effective because it increases both the density of outcomes in ones environment and the density of highly salient action-outcome contingencies, which may otherwise be absent due to reduced motivation. The clinical implications are subsequently discussed, with reference to future research.
Introduction: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the factor structure of Spanish translation and adaptation of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) in a sample of Colombian adults.
Method: The sample of the study was n = 968. Respondents were aged between 18 and 52 years old (Mage=22.81, SD=4.42). Descriptive analyses, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha calculation were carried out.
Results: Internal consistency for the global scale was high (α=.89). Likewise, the coefficients of the Alternative factor and the Control factor were similar (α=.90, 95% CI=.89-.90 and α=.83, 95% CI=.81-.85, respectively). A two-factor structure performed best according to the results of model selection criteria. This model suggested the existence of two correlated factors, with correlated items within factors (Item19 Item20 and Item8 Item10).
Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that the CFI scale exhibits construct validity and adequate reliability, both for the general scale and the subscales in the Colombian sample, enabling their use in contexts such as clinical or research.
Introduction: The impact of cancer represents a severe crisis for both patients and relatives. The implications of social support on well-being were well studied but several classifications have been proposed.
Objective: The present cross-sectional study was aimed at examining the association between perceived social support (PSS) from family, friends, and significant other and psychological well-being (illness perception, life orientation, life satisfaction, and quality of life).
Method: Participants were 138 cancer patients recruited during waiting time for medical treatment or examination, mostly diagnosed for more than six months. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire were administered. Multiple regression analyses were performed.
Results: Patients reported fatigue and loss of energy, and environmental pollution and change or bad luck as probable illness causes. Associations between (i) PSS from family and optimism, (ii) PSS from friends and personal control, coherence of disease, optimism, and physical functioning, (iii) PSS from significant other and life satisfaction were found.
Conclusions: Our results revealed a specific role for each different PSS source.
In Mexico, young people continue to experience problems due to a lack of correct and consistent condom use during sexual intercourse.
Objective: to evaluate the effect of a randomized controlled clinical trial with the use of smartphones to increase safe sex intentions and safe sexual behavior.
Methods: experimental design with two treatment groups with 177 young people who requested the rapid HIV test in a non-governmental organization in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The experimental group was given Respect M-Health with the use of mobile devices; the control group was given similar counseling without the use of mobile technology and 8 pencil and paper instruments were used.
Results: the effect of the experimental group was greater in safe sexual behavior reflected in the means at pre-test M=64.80 (SD=1.86), post-test M=85.33 (SD=1.54), and at 30 days M=87.40 (SD=1.52), and in the safe sex intentions factor at pre-test M=78.50 (SD=3.07), post-test M=94.70 (SD=2.46), and at 30 days M=95.74 (SD=2.29).
Conclusions: Smartphone use was an effective tool as a support to increase safe sexual behavior in youth.
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