International Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

Introduction: it seems that, in the phase of greatest fertility, women's intrasexual competition (toward attractive women who live nearby) increases due to access to resources, status, and biologically desirable partners.

Objective: to compare the economic decisions (ED) during the ovulatory (OP) and luteal (LP) phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) with exposure to two stimuli: a photograph of a more attractive woman and a photograph of a less attractive woman, through the ultimatum game (UG).

Methodology: the research followed a cross-sectional design between subjects to see group differences by contrasting hypotheses. The sampling was probabilistic, with a sample of 100 heterosexual women, students at a public university with an age range of 18 to 24 years, with regular MC, who did not use hormonal contraceptive methods and did not have any endocrine condition. The inverse counting method with confirmation was applied to identify CM phases; and the UG to evaluate the DE.

Results: the phases of the MC had no effect on the ED; the women behaved similarly in their decisions, regardless of the phase of the cycle they were in or the type of stimulus to which they were exposed.

Conclusion: OP and LP do not affect the ED of women when they are exposed to an attractive stimulus. The discussion is made considering the evolutionary theory of the ovulatory shift hypothesis.

Introduction: Adaptation to chronic non-oncologic pain is associated with the development of psychopathology and personality disorders, creating severity, chronicity, poorer treatment response, and exacerbations in patients with neuropathy.

Objective: To identify the psychopathological and personality profiles of patients with chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain and their association with pain progression and intensity.

Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative study was conducted in the Pain Treatment Unit of Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, with systematic randomized recruitment for 25 months; 115 patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-D, HAM-A) and the Millon Clinical MultiaxialInventory-III (MCMI-III).

Results: The neuropathic group achieved significantly higher scores for pain intensity and depressive and anxiety symptoms. With greater magnitude and frequency, the neuropathic group related pain intensity and progression with depressive/anxiety symptoms, clinical syndromes, and personality patterns. Both groups revealed tendencies towards a compulsive personality pattern, followed by narcissistic, histrionic, and schizoid patterns.

Conclusions: When treating chronic pain, the presence of various psychopathological indicators requires an individualized strategy.

Introduction: Inconsistent use of protective preventive measures and nonadherence of the guidelines set by the World Health Organization regarding the coronavirus are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as increased health care costs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of COVID-19 related worries, conspiracy beliefs, and uncertainty in adherence to preventative measures in Iran.

Method: In a large survey with data collected online from a volunteer sample of 599 individuals, assessments were made of the distress associated with the anticipated potential consequences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown, extent of agreement with conspiracy beliefs, level of situation-specific uncertainty, and self-reports of compliance with preventive measures. Data were analyzed to explore paths leading to nonadherence to safety guidelines proposed by the medical authorities.

Results: A large majority of individuals report significant distress and worry associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that increasing levels of situation-specific uncertainty intolerance, as well as conspiracy beliefs regarding the coronavirus, are associated with non-compliance with the advised protocols. Specifically, the results show that worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic are linked to non-compliance with preventive measures through conspiracy beliefs and feelings of uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 situation even after gender, education, and perceived socioeconomic status were controlled.

Conclusions: Findings imply that emotional exhaustion is likely to have set in and become counterproductive as people choose to violate safety guidelines. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.