Terrorism is currently one of the principal threats to peace and security in Africa. In law enforcement responses to terrorism, affected states often employ excessive or indiscriminate force through their security forces. In addition to violating international legal standards, research suggests that this unlawful use of force is itself a driver of violence, potentially perpetuating terrorist violence in a continent vulnerable to violent extremism. This article assesses the legal and policy response of the African regional system to the use of excessive force during counterterrorism policing, focusing principally on the roles of the counterterrorism architecture and human rights system. The article finds that whilst some positive steps have been made towards greater respect of international norms, the current response has material gaps and inadequacies. A two-pronged framework for a comprehensive regional response to the problem is proposed, combining clarification of the applicable rules with greater action from regional institutions.
{"title":"On the Road to Silent Guns: Examining the Regional Regulation of States’ Use of Force during Counterterrorism Policing in Africa","authors":"Alero I Fenemigho","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad040","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorism is currently one of the principal threats to peace and security in Africa. In law enforcement responses to terrorism, affected states often employ excessive or indiscriminate force through their security forces. In addition to violating international legal standards, research suggests that this unlawful use of force is itself a driver of violence, potentially perpetuating terrorist violence in a continent vulnerable to violent extremism. This article assesses the legal and policy response of the African regional system to the use of excessive force during counterterrorism policing, focusing principally on the roles of the counterterrorism architecture and human rights system. The article finds that whilst some positive steps have been made towards greater respect of international norms, the current response has material gaps and inadequacies. A two-pronged framework for a comprehensive regional response to the problem is proposed, combining clarification of the applicable rules with greater action from regional institutions.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139051656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) understand the nature of human rights? The article develops a framework for the analysis of this question and shows how it can be applied. The first part identifies a gap at the intersection of doctrinal and philosophical approaches to human rights practice that leaves the ECtHR’s understanding of the nature of rights unaccounted for. The second part develops an analytic and methodological framework based on the idea of grounds, content and scope of human rights to bridge this disciplinary divide and facilitate a more perspicuous analysis of the Court’s conception of the nature of human rights. The third part tests this framework by examining the Court’s doctrines in relation to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and the right to free elections.
{"title":"Uncovering the Nature of ECHR Rights: An Analytical and Methodological Framework","authors":"Bosko Tripkovic, Alain Zysset","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad034","url":null,"abstract":"How does the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) understand the nature of human rights? The article develops a framework for the analysis of this question and shows how it can be applied. The first part identifies a gap at the intersection of doctrinal and philosophical approaches to human rights practice that leaves the ECtHR’s understanding of the nature of rights unaccounted for. The second part develops an analytic and methodological framework based on the idea of grounds, content and scope of human rights to bridge this disciplinary divide and facilitate a more perspicuous analysis of the Court’s conception of the nature of human rights. The third part tests this framework by examining the Court’s doctrines in relation to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and the right to free elections.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article engages with human rights law’s purported ‘theoretical crisis’, according to which rights—and specifically those in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)—are bereft of a convincing theoretical foundation. In doing so, the article interrogates the use of crisis-oriented language, challenging the very idea of a ‘theoretical crisis’ of rights. Identifying the tension between judicial activism and judicial deference as the source of the crisis narrative, this piece engages with the theoretical foundations of ECHR rights, rejecting binary opposition between opposing moral and political accounts of these rights. It presents an alternative account by framing human rights as capable of combining convincing moral foundations with institutional and political realities. This means melding principle and dynamism, and using moral values to interrogate a human rights law that remains indivisible from its institutional backdrop. Under this account, both the Court’s tools of deference, especially its European consensus doctrine, and the objection of rights inflationism must be subjected to scrutiny. This article straddles theory and practice to allow for a fresh perspective concerning the justification of rights, what is at stake, who bears the burden of restraint, and how current responses to backlash should be re-evaluated.
{"title":"Deference, Dignity and ‘Theoretical Crisis’: Justifying ECtHR Rights Between Prudence and Protection","authors":"Corina Heri","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad032","url":null,"abstract":"The present article engages with human rights law’s purported ‘theoretical crisis’, according to which rights—and specifically those in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)—are bereft of a convincing theoretical foundation. In doing so, the article interrogates the use of crisis-oriented language, challenging the very idea of a ‘theoretical crisis’ of rights. Identifying the tension between judicial activism and judicial deference as the source of the crisis narrative, this piece engages with the theoretical foundations of ECHR rights, rejecting binary opposition between opposing moral and political accounts of these rights. It presents an alternative account by framing human rights as capable of combining convincing moral foundations with institutional and political realities. This means melding principle and dynamism, and using moral values to interrogate a human rights law that remains indivisible from its institutional backdrop. Under this account, both the Court’s tools of deference, especially its European consensus doctrine, and the objection of rights inflationism must be subjected to scrutiny. This article straddles theory and practice to allow for a fresh perspective concerning the justification of rights, what is at stake, who bears the burden of restraint, and how current responses to backlash should be re-evaluated.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines cases of conflicting decisions between the ECHR and State Courts. I argue for ‘discordant adjudicative parity.’ According to discordant adjudicative parity, there are compelling non-instrumental reasons for having both international adjudicative institutions and state adjudicative institutions that can make binding, conflicting decisions. Binding decisions by international adjudicative institutions embody the understanding that human rights are duties rather than decisions that are voluntarily undertaken. State Courts facilitate deliberative engagement on the part of citizens as, ultimately, the citizens are in charge of States’ courts. I use this analysis to justify the principle of subsidiarity in European law.
{"title":"The Tension between the National and ECHR Human Rights Adjudication: A Normative Account","authors":"Alon Harel","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad033","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines cases of conflicting decisions between the ECHR and State Courts. I argue for ‘discordant adjudicative parity.’ According to discordant adjudicative parity, there are compelling non-instrumental reasons for having both international adjudicative institutions and state adjudicative institutions that can make binding, conflicting decisions. Binding decisions by international adjudicative institutions embody the understanding that human rights are duties rather than decisions that are voluntarily undertaken. State Courts facilitate deliberative engagement on the part of citizens as, ultimately, the citizens are in charge of States’ courts. I use this analysis to justify the principle of subsidiarity in European law.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article looks to make sense of those cases where the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) changes its position on interpretation in light of the increasingly high standards being required by human rights, when the Court applies the doctrine of evolutive interpretation to the ECHR’s object and purpose, as a Convention for the protection of ‘human rights’ (e.g. Selmouni v France). This raises two questions: What do we mean when we speak about ‘human rights’? Can the demands of human rights really change over time? Looking to the insights from social ontology, we can think of human rights as a social institution, emerging with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and evolving with changes in human rights practices. Understood this way, reliance on the increasingly high standard doctrine becomes defensible when the ECtHR judgments are consistent with the evolving practices on human rights and the moral values that underpin the UDHR.
当欧洲人权法院(ECtHR)将进化论解释理论应用于《欧洲人权公约》的目标和宗旨，作为保护“人权”的公约(例如Selmouni v France)时，鉴于人权要求的标准越来越高，欧洲人权法院(ECtHR)改变了其在解释方面的立场，本文试图解释这些案例(例如Selmouni v France)。这就提出了两个问题:当我们谈论“人权”时，我们指的是什么?人权的要求真的会随着时间而改变吗?从社会本体论的角度来看，我们可以把人权看作是一种社会制度，随着《世界人权宣言》的通过而产生，随着人权实践的变化而发展。以这种方式理解，当欧洲人权法院的判决与不断发展的人权实践和支撑《世界人权宣言》的道德价值观相一致时，对日益高标准原则的依赖就变得可以辩护了。
{"title":"Interpreting the ECHR in Light of the Increasingly High Standards Being Required by Human Rights: Insights from Social Ontology","authors":"Steven Wheatley","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad031","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks to make sense of those cases where the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) changes its position on interpretation in light of the increasingly high standards being required by human rights, when the Court applies the doctrine of evolutive interpretation to the ECHR’s object and purpose, as a Convention for the protection of ‘human rights’ (e.g. Selmouni v France). This raises two questions: What do we mean when we speak about ‘human rights’? Can the demands of human rights really change over time? Looking to the insights from social ontology, we can think of human rights as a social institution, emerging with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and evolving with changes in human rights practices. Understood this way, reliance on the increasingly high standard doctrine becomes defensible when the ECtHR judgments are consistent with the evolving practices on human rights and the moral values that underpin the UDHR.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tackling Torture: Prevention in Practice","authors":"Ergun Cakal","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"391 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article asks how to allocate human rights obligations stemming from the European Convention on Human Rights and defends an interpretivist account of human rights based on the values of integrity and equality to answer it. First, it considers the structure of rights and argues that human rights usually require a duty bearer who needs to be identified. Second, the article analyses interest-based theories of human rights and shows that they do not speak to the allocation of duties. Third, I argue that duties can only be allocated relying on a normative principle and that an interpretivist account of human rights allows for underlying values to be identified. Fourth, I show that these values should be understood to be integrity and equality. Finally, the article applies the framework to the judgment in Carter v Russia, showing that an explicitly normative account supplies principled distinctions where other approaches cannot.
{"title":"Allocating Human Rights Obligations in the ECHR","authors":"Lea Raible","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad030","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks how to allocate human rights obligations stemming from the European Convention on Human Rights and defends an interpretivist account of human rights based on the values of integrity and equality to answer it. First, it considers the structure of rights and argues that human rights usually require a duty bearer who needs to be identified. Second, the article analyses interest-based theories of human rights and shows that they do not speak to the allocation of duties. Third, I argue that duties can only be allocated relying on a normative principle and that an interpretivist account of human rights allows for underlying values to be identified. Fourth, I show that these values should be understood to be integrity and equality. Finally, the article applies the framework to the judgment in Carter v Russia, showing that an explicitly normative account supplies principled distinctions where other approaches cannot.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-30DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e34
Jaewoo An, Yongju Kim, Minho Song, Jungseok Choi, Won Yun, Hanjin Oh, Seyeon Chang, Youngbin Go, Dongcheol Song, Hyunah Cho, Sanghun Park, Yuna Kim, Yunhwan Park, Gyutae Park, Sehyuk Oh, Jinho Cho
There are several factors that affect the welfare and meat quality of pigs during pre-slaughter transport. Among various factors, the effects of weather conditions and loading density were studied. A total of 3,726 finishing pigs were allotted to one of nine groups arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design according to the weather conditions (low temperature [LT], under 10°C; normal temperature [NT], 10°C-24°C; high temperature [HT], upper 24°C), and loading density (low density [LD], upper 0.43 m2/100 kg; normal density [ND], 0.37-0.43 m2/100 kg; high density [HD], under 0.37 m2/100 kg). Each treatment group follow as: LTLD, LTND, LTHD, NTLD, NTND, NTHD, HTLD, HTND, HTHD. In terms of carcass composition, pigs had the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness at LT. Comparing the HD transport to the ND transport, the meat quality indicated a lower pH and more drip loss. The incidence rate of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork was high in the order of the HD, LD, and the ND transport (20%, 9%, and 2%, respectively). The HT transport showed the lowest pH and greatest L* value under the given weather conditions. Pigs transported under the HTHD and LTLD conditions had the greatest rates of PSE pork (40% and 20%, respectively). Pigs exposed to HD transport had the shortest laying time and the highest overplap behavior. The LDLT transport pigs had a shorter laying time than the LDNT and LDHT transport pigs. In conclusion, too high or too low density transport is generally not excellent for meat quality or animal welfare, however it is preferable to transport at a slightly low density at high temperature and at a slightly high density at low temperature.
{"title":"Effect of loading density and weather conditions on animal welfare and meat quality of slaughter pigs.","authors":"Jaewoo An, Yongju Kim, Minho Song, Jungseok Choi, Won Yun, Hanjin Oh, Seyeon Chang, Youngbin Go, Dongcheol Song, Hyunah Cho, Sanghun Park, Yuna Kim, Yunhwan Park, Gyutae Park, Sehyuk Oh, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e34","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are several factors that affect the welfare and meat quality of pigs during pre-slaughter transport. Among various factors, the effects of weather conditions and loading density were studied. A total of 3,726 finishing pigs were allotted to one of nine groups arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design according to the weather conditions (low temperature [LT], under 10°C; normal temperature [NT], 10°C-24°C; high temperature [HT], upper 24°C), and loading density (low density [LD], upper 0.43 m<sup>2</sup>/100 kg; normal density [ND], 0.37-0.43 m<sup>2</sup>/100 kg; high density [HD], under 0.37 m<sup>2</sup>/100 kg). Each treatment group follow as: LTLD, LTND, LTHD, NTLD, NTND, NTHD, HTLD, HTND, HTHD. In terms of carcass composition, pigs had the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness at LT. Comparing the HD transport to the ND transport, the meat quality indicated a lower pH and more drip loss. The incidence rate of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork was high in the order of the HD, LD, and the ND transport (20%, 9%, and 2%, respectively). The HT transport showed the lowest pH and greatest L* value under the given weather conditions. Pigs transported under the HTHD and LTLD conditions had the greatest rates of PSE pork (40% and 20%, respectively). Pigs exposed to HD transport had the shortest laying time and the highest overplap behavior. The LDLT transport pigs had a shorter laying time than the LDNT and LDHT transport pigs. In conclusion, too high or too low density transport is generally not excellent for meat quality or animal welfare, however it is preferable to transport at a slightly low density at high temperature and at a slightly high density at low temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"1323-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82893818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper explores Hungary and Poland’s compliance signals conveyed during the European rule of law enforcement process and the responses to these signals by the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights as judicial organs and the European Commission and the Committee of Ministers as organs supervising compliance. After both states turned illiberal European institutions began condemning the condition of rule of law in both states. Yet, their endeavour—as evident from measures imposed upon Poland, but not Hungary—appears inconsistent. The paper ascribes this to states' differing expressions of commitment to comply with rule-of-law-related rulings as signalled during supervision. It argues that Hungary’s signalled conciliatory attitude compared to Poland’s overt defiance invites more deference from the European institutions and concludes that conveying conciliatory signals in the process of compliance may be used to influence the course and, ultimately, the success of rule of law enforcement.
{"title":"Signalling in European Rule of Law Cases: Hungary and Poland as Case Studies","authors":"Ula Aleksandra Kos","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper explores Hungary and Poland’s compliance signals conveyed during the European rule of law enforcement process and the responses to these signals by the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights as judicial organs and the European Commission and the Committee of Ministers as organs supervising compliance. After both states turned illiberal European institutions began condemning the condition of rule of law in both states. Yet, their endeavour—as evident from measures imposed upon Poland, but not Hungary—appears inconsistent. The paper ascribes this to states' differing expressions of commitment to comply with rule-of-law-related rulings as signalled during supervision. It argues that Hungary’s signalled conciliatory attitude compared to Poland’s overt defiance invites more deference from the European institutions and concludes that conveying conciliatory signals in the process of compliance may be used to influence the course and, ultimately, the success of rule of law enforcement.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135498853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Vulnerability analysis serves a distinct purpose within adjudication of Article 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights ('ECHR'), in that it has been used by the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’ or ‘the Court’) to lower the threshold for a finding of ill-treatment from which positive obligations relating to socioeconomic rights have arisen. However, the group-based notion of vulnerability invoked by the Court is extremely limited, producing minimal protection from deprivation whilst equally paternalizing and essentializing the populations it deems vulnerable. In light of these failings, this article proposes a new element to be incorporated within the Court’s vulnerability analysis which can deliver greater protection of socioeconomic rights via Article 3: the political theory of care. By highlighting care’s potential to transform the concepts of vulnerability and state responsibility whilst empowering the care-receiver, it argues that care can overcome the limitations of the Court’s current approach as a means of targeting destitution.
{"title":"Vulnerability, Care Ethics and the Protection of Socioeconomic Rights via Article 3 ECHR","authors":"Katie Morris","doi":"10.1093/hrlr/ngad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vulnerability analysis serves a distinct purpose within adjudication of Article 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights ('ECHR'), in that it has been used by the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’ or ‘the Court’) to lower the threshold for a finding of ill-treatment from which positive obligations relating to socioeconomic rights have arisen. However, the group-based notion of vulnerability invoked by the Court is extremely limited, producing minimal protection from deprivation whilst equally paternalizing and essentializing the populations it deems vulnerable. In light of these failings, this article proposes a new element to be incorporated within the Court’s vulnerability analysis which can deliver greater protection of socioeconomic rights via Article 3: the political theory of care. By highlighting care’s potential to transform the concepts of vulnerability and state responsibility whilst empowering the care-receiver, it argues that care can overcome the limitations of the Court’s current approach as a means of targeting destitution.","PeriodicalId":46556,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Law Review","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135498864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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