Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2162569
Nikolina Myofa
ABSTRACT Dourgouti and Tavros are two neighbourhoods of Athens, Greece. They were constructed by the Ministry of Welfare as areas with social housing estates. However, they are exceptional cases in Greek housing models. The main premise of this paper is derived from the analysis of the changes in social physiognomy and the relationships amongst residents in Dourgouti and Tavros, and whether these two neighbourhoods are paradigms of the ‘community saved’ argument or the ‘community lost’ argument.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2157155
J. Whittaker
All Health Politics is Local proclaims its argument right from the bold cover, but Merlin Chowkwanyun’s judicious and timely framing makes this historical scholarship well worth a deep read by folks far beyond the health policy field. Writing as part of the Studies in Social Medicine series, historian Chowkwanyun argues that Americans’ health was (and is) shaped not only by expansive federal health policies but also by a broad array of local influences, including ‘political machines, neighborhood organizations, racial politics, urban development, grassroots political mobilization, the flow of grants and government outlays, anchor institutions, political economic shifts, and exogenous and unexpected events’ (p. 4-5). Through carefully constructed case studies covering healthcare and environmental health in midcentury New York, Los Angeles, Cleveland, and Central Appalachia, he establishes how federal trends left ‘different health imprints depending on where in the country you sat’ (p. 13). Chowkwanyun comfortably weaves archival research from numerous public and private collections into recent interdisciplinary conversations with writing that is fresh, lively, and enjoyable to read. The case studies, spread out across six chapters, highlight the worthy and often overlooked on-theground local actions to protect and improve health; but they also wrestle with the limits of local action. Are there limits to localism and local politics? Can local action overcome, counteract, or mount viable alternatives to national and global trends? Ultimately, Chowkwanyun calls for multi-scalar health politics – an asterisk to the title’s claims. All health politics is local, but it coexists with ‘larger parallel currents (of) recurrent economic turbulence, parasitic national energy infrastructure, and unforeseen new stakeholders in the health arena’ (p. 234). While All Health Politics is Local is a historical analysis, the topic and its lessons are stunningly relevant for the time in which we live. Chowkwanyun traces the case study locations through the 1980s, but his conclusion brings us right to 2022. He draws in recent examples of how local efforts to address health care inequities and environmental health are trounced by the introduction of venture capital and multinational conglomerates, and how local fights for environmental protection are swept away by the enormity of unconfined climate change. These recent examples are helpful in contextualize the case studies within contemporary challenges; but even without them, it’s hard to miss just how pertinent these cases are to today. Climate catastrophe and venture capital aside, Chowkwanyun’s excavation of documents from the daily itinerary of Kentucky health activist Eula Hall, to citizen letters and meeting transcripts of the LA County Board of Supervisors, and the private collection of posters from Lower East Side Neighborhood Health Council all demonstrate the roles of poverty, violent and racist policing, and
《所有健康政治都是地方性的》（All Health Politics is Local）从大胆的封面上就宣称了自己的论点，但梅林·乔克万云（Merlin Chowkwanyun）明智而及时的框架使这一历史学术值得远远超出卫生政策领域的人们深入阅读。历史学家Chowkwanyun在《社会医学研究》系列文章中认为，美国人的健康不仅受到广泛的联邦卫生政策的影响，而且受到广泛的地方影响，包括“政治机器、社区组织、种族政治、城市发展、基层政治动员、拨款和政府支出的流动”，锚定制度、政治经济转变以及外生和意外事件”（第4-5页）。通过精心构建的案例研究，涵盖了世纪中期纽约、洛杉矶、克利夫兰和阿巴拉契亚中部的医疗保健和环境健康，他确定了联邦趋势如何留下“不同的健康印记，取决于你所在的国家”（第13页）。Chowkwanyun轻松地将大量公共和私人收藏的档案研究融入了最近的跨学科对话中，写作新鲜、生动、令人愉快。案例研究分为六章，强调了保护和改善健康的地方行动的价值和经常被忽视的地方行动；但他们也在与当地行动的局限性作斗争。地方主义和地方政治有局限性吗？地方行动能否克服、抵消或提出替代国家和全球趋势的可行方案？最终，Chowkwanyun呼吁多尺度的健康政治——这是标题中的一个星号。所有的卫生政治都是地方性的，但它与“反复出现的经济动荡、寄生的国家能源基础设施和卫生领域不可预见的新利益相关者的更大平行流共存”（第234页）。虽然《所有健康政治都是地方性的》是一篇历史分析，但这个话题及其教训与我们所处的时代有着惊人的相关性。Chowkwanyun将案例研究的地点追溯到20世纪80年代，但他的结论将我们带到了2022年。他列举了最近的例子，说明地方解决医疗保健不公平和环境健康问题的努力如何因引入风险投资和跨国企业集团而受挫，以及地方环境保护斗争如何因无限制的气候变化而被冲走。这些最近的例子有助于将案例研究置于当代挑战的背景中；但即使没有它们，我们也很难忽视这些案例与今天的关系。撇开气候灾难和风险投资不谈，Chowkwanyun从肯塔基州健康活动家Eula Hall的日常行程中挖掘的文件，到洛杉矶县监事会的公民信件和会议记录，以及下东区社区卫生委员会的私人海报收藏，都展示了贫困、暴力和种族主义警察的作用，以及破坏健康的资源和服务分配不均。鉴于最近在这一领域获得的学术成果，包括警察暴力、早产和妊娠损失增加、种族主义对健康的影响、气候变化使环境正义面临的持续挑战、
{"title":"Merlin Chowkwanyun, All Health Politics is Local","authors":"J. Whittaker","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157155","url":null,"abstract":"All Health Politics is Local proclaims its argument right from the bold cover, but Merlin Chowkwanyun’s judicious and timely framing makes this historical scholarship well worth a deep read by folks far beyond the health policy field. Writing as part of the Studies in Social Medicine series, historian Chowkwanyun argues that Americans’ health was (and is) shaped not only by expansive federal health policies but also by a broad array of local influences, including ‘political machines, neighborhood organizations, racial politics, urban development, grassroots political mobilization, the flow of grants and government outlays, anchor institutions, political economic shifts, and exogenous and unexpected events’ (p. 4-5). Through carefully constructed case studies covering healthcare and environmental health in midcentury New York, Los Angeles, Cleveland, and Central Appalachia, he establishes how federal trends left ‘different health imprints depending on where in the country you sat’ (p. 13). Chowkwanyun comfortably weaves archival research from numerous public and private collections into recent interdisciplinary conversations with writing that is fresh, lively, and enjoyable to read. The case studies, spread out across six chapters, highlight the worthy and often overlooked on-theground local actions to protect and improve health; but they also wrestle with the limits of local action. Are there limits to localism and local politics? Can local action overcome, counteract, or mount viable alternatives to national and global trends? Ultimately, Chowkwanyun calls for multi-scalar health politics – an asterisk to the title’s claims. All health politics is local, but it coexists with ‘larger parallel currents (of) recurrent economic turbulence, parasitic national energy infrastructure, and unforeseen new stakeholders in the health arena’ (p. 234). While All Health Politics is Local is a historical analysis, the topic and its lessons are stunningly relevant for the time in which we live. Chowkwanyun traces the case study locations through the 1980s, but his conclusion brings us right to 2022. He draws in recent examples of how local efforts to address health care inequities and environmental health are trounced by the introduction of venture capital and multinational conglomerates, and how local fights for environmental protection are swept away by the enormity of unconfined climate change. These recent examples are helpful in contextualize the case studies within contemporary challenges; but even without them, it’s hard to miss just how pertinent these cases are to today. Climate catastrophe and venture capital aside, Chowkwanyun’s excavation of documents from the daily itinerary of Kentucky health activist Eula Hall, to citizen letters and meeting transcripts of the LA County Board of Supervisors, and the private collection of posters from Lower East Side Neighborhood Health Council all demonstrate the roles of poverty, violent and racist policing, and ","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"223 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46113334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2158362
Maria Cristina da Silva Leme, Renato Leão Rego, Carolina Pescatori Cândido da Silva, Dinalva Derenzo Roldan
ABSTRACT A series of seminars held in Brasilia in the mid-1980s institutionalized Urban Design as a discipline in Brazil. It triggered a new approach to urban interventions, in consonance with the country’s re-democratization process and the critical debates fostered by the new political condition, following the end of the dictatorship. This paper explores the seminars’ outcomes in order to account for the rationale of urban design in Brazil, when social milieu, cultural character and participatory processes became fundamental design tools. By examining this turning point, the paper adds to the historiography of the genesis of Urban Design in Brazil while highlighting the particularities of the local approach to the global term.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2157158
Filippo De Pieri
In 1989, Guido Zucconi published La città contesa (The disputed city), a book that quickly became a key reference for Italy’s planning historians. Here Zucconi traced the debates on cities in Italy between the late nineteenth century and the Second World War, focusing on the competition between important cultural and professional figures and the changing ways of understanding urban challenges. The book shows how early positivist approaches to urban reform based on statistical and medical knowledge over time were supplanted by approaches connected with the leadership of architects-planners, hybrid figures that had emerged from the newly created schools of architecture and capable of blending artistic, historical, and technical expertise. More than three decades after, in La città degli igienisti, Zucconi returns to the same topic by developing what was originally the first chapter of his inquiry, dedicated to the ‘hygienists’. His new research is a highly detailed and documented analysis of the emergence of urban hygiene in late nineteenth-century Italy, set within the context of European policies, practices, and theories. The work focuses on the reign of king Umberto I (1878-1900) and, more specifically, on the period during which Francesco Crispi was head of government (1887-91 and 1893-96). Under Crispi’s rule, Italy promoted several ambitious reforms regarding public health and hygiene, with the approval of a general law on the matter (1888) and the incorporation of a state direction and a specialization school. A key personality behind such initiatives was Luigi Pagliani, a professor at the University of Turin who defended the idea that ‘sanitary engineers’ were to become central figures in Italy’s newly designed system. These future experts – neither physicians nor engineers, but a mixture of both – were called to contribute to an all-embracing renovation of the built environment according to scientific principles. Over the course of the nineteenth century, public hygiene had been chiefly an urban issue. Italy was touched by several waves of cholera epidemics, which led, for example, to the approval of a hygiene law for Naples in 1885. The law put in place special measures to facilitate the demolition and reconstruction of urban sectors deemed unhealthy. Other municipalities were able to take similar measures, as this law was instrumental in the diffusion of neo-Haussmannian strategies of slum clearance. Zucconi shows how these interventions were supported by a plurality of tools for urban analysis and reform, such as the systematic collection of statistical information, the identification and mapping of emerging diseases, and the elaboration of new building regulations. The municipal reform passed in 1889 introduced specific competencies within city administrations, which were asked to draft hygiene regulations and put in place dedicated bureaucracies. The book offers a rich and nuanced analysis of Crispi’s reforms and the premises upon whi
{"title":"La città degli igienisti. Riforme e utopie sanitarie nell’Italia umbertina [The city of hygienists. Health reforms and utopias in Umbertine Italy]","authors":"Filippo De Pieri","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157158","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989, Guido Zucconi published La città contesa (The disputed city), a book that quickly became a key reference for Italy’s planning historians. Here Zucconi traced the debates on cities in Italy between the late nineteenth century and the Second World War, focusing on the competition between important cultural and professional figures and the changing ways of understanding urban challenges. The book shows how early positivist approaches to urban reform based on statistical and medical knowledge over time were supplanted by approaches connected with the leadership of architects-planners, hybrid figures that had emerged from the newly created schools of architecture and capable of blending artistic, historical, and technical expertise. More than three decades after, in La città degli igienisti, Zucconi returns to the same topic by developing what was originally the first chapter of his inquiry, dedicated to the ‘hygienists’. His new research is a highly detailed and documented analysis of the emergence of urban hygiene in late nineteenth-century Italy, set within the context of European policies, practices, and theories. The work focuses on the reign of king Umberto I (1878-1900) and, more specifically, on the period during which Francesco Crispi was head of government (1887-91 and 1893-96). Under Crispi’s rule, Italy promoted several ambitious reforms regarding public health and hygiene, with the approval of a general law on the matter (1888) and the incorporation of a state direction and a specialization school. A key personality behind such initiatives was Luigi Pagliani, a professor at the University of Turin who defended the idea that ‘sanitary engineers’ were to become central figures in Italy’s newly designed system. These future experts – neither physicians nor engineers, but a mixture of both – were called to contribute to an all-embracing renovation of the built environment according to scientific principles. Over the course of the nineteenth century, public hygiene had been chiefly an urban issue. Italy was touched by several waves of cholera epidemics, which led, for example, to the approval of a hygiene law for Naples in 1885. The law put in place special measures to facilitate the demolition and reconstruction of urban sectors deemed unhealthy. Other municipalities were able to take similar measures, as this law was instrumental in the diffusion of neo-Haussmannian strategies of slum clearance. Zucconi shows how these interventions were supported by a plurality of tools for urban analysis and reform, such as the systematic collection of statistical information, the identification and mapping of emerging diseases, and the elaboration of new building regulations. The municipal reform passed in 1889 introduced specific competencies within city administrations, which were asked to draft hygiene regulations and put in place dedicated bureaucracies. The book offers a rich and nuanced analysis of Crispi’s reforms and the premises upon whi","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"229 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44878986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2157156
Gunter Gassner
{"title":"The new urban aesthetic: digital experiences of urban change","authors":"Gunter Gassner","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"225 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43650041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2157157
Leandro Benmergui
{"title":"Instituições de Urbanismo no Brasil, 1930-1979 [Institutions of Urbanism in Brazil 1930-1979]","authors":"Leandro Benmergui","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2157157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2157157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"227 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41481233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2156067
S. Ward
ABSTRACT This article takes a long view of British planning’s connections with continental Europe, locating Brexit within historic uncertainties about the country’s international outlook, interests and position. In 1948, Churchill portrayed Britain at the intersection of three ‘great circles’: the British Empire, the wider English-speaking world (principally the USA) and Europe. This notion is drawn on to show how the strong earlier European links of British planning were seriously disrupted or severed by twentieth-century wars. These drew both country and planning approach closer to its ‘distant friends’ within the other ‘great circles’. As former imperial ties faded and the USA relationship became less special, Britain looked again to Europe but without shedding these habitual links. Even after Britain joined the European Communities in 1973, its strongest international planning connections remained with the USA and its former Empire and Dominions. In the 1990s, the EU promoted spatial planning but Britain remained largely aloof until the ‘New Labour’ governments of 1997–2010. Yet growing Euroscepticism saw this relative enthusiasm fade, with Brexit reviving uncertainties, now about whether EU approaches should be jettisoned and a more deregulated planning system created. The article predicts (or at least hopes) that current anti-Europe thinking will itself fade.
{"title":"Not wholly belonging: British planning’s uncertain European connections","authors":"S. Ward","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2156067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2156067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article takes a long view of British planning’s connections with continental Europe, locating Brexit within historic uncertainties about the country’s international outlook, interests and position. In 1948, Churchill portrayed Britain at the intersection of three ‘great circles’: the British Empire, the wider English-speaking world (principally the USA) and Europe. This notion is drawn on to show how the strong earlier European links of British planning were seriously disrupted or severed by twentieth-century wars. These drew both country and planning approach closer to its ‘distant friends’ within the other ‘great circles’. As former imperial ties faded and the USA relationship became less special, Britain looked again to Europe but without shedding these habitual links. Even after Britain joined the European Communities in 1973, its strongest international planning connections remained with the USA and its former Empire and Dominions. In the 1990s, the EU promoted spatial planning but Britain remained largely aloof until the ‘New Labour’ governments of 1997–2010. Yet growing Euroscepticism saw this relative enthusiasm fade, with Brexit reviving uncertainties, now about whether EU approaches should be jettisoned and a more deregulated planning system created. The article predicts (or at least hopes) that current anti-Europe thinking will itself fade.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42417465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2142841
Barry Goodchild
ABSTRACT Towns and cities in the industrial and former coal mining areas of England have often struggled to cope with economic restructuring. This article offers a near contemporary history of the central area of one such city, where culture has become a key device for promoting development and regeneration. Three episodes of policy are distinguished: from 1990 to about 2011, the emergence of a twin-track economic strategy that combined out-of-town business parks with the remodelling of the central area partly on ‘Urban Renaissance’ principles: from 2011 onwards, continued city centre decline when previous investments had little economic impact; and after about 2020, a process of re-orientation; and as part of this, a reinvigorated attempt to rebrand the city, albeit within the continuing framework of the twin-track strategy. A reflexive methodology is used to construct the narrative. That methodology enables a joint consideration of discourse and economic realities, showing how place, branding, and planning come together in representational logics that generate both supportive and counter narratives.
{"title":"Replanning the central area of Wakefield, West Yorkshire: culture and regeneration, 1990–2021","authors":"Barry Goodchild","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2142841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2142841","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Towns and cities in the industrial and former coal mining areas of England have often struggled to cope with economic restructuring. This article offers a near contemporary history of the central area of one such city, where culture has become a key device for promoting development and regeneration. Three episodes of policy are distinguished: from 1990 to about 2011, the emergence of a twin-track economic strategy that combined out-of-town business parks with the remodelling of the central area partly on ‘Urban Renaissance’ principles: from 2011 onwards, continued city centre decline when previous investments had little economic impact; and after about 2020, a process of re-orientation; and as part of this, a reinvigorated attempt to rebrand the city, albeit within the continuing framework of the twin-track strategy. A reflexive methodology is used to construct the narrative. That methodology enables a joint consideration of discourse and economic realities, showing how place, branding, and planning come together in representational logics that generate both supportive and counter narratives.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"1019 - 1040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44723394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2152080
Annalisa Barone
ABSTRACT In São Paulo, the presence of the Black population in urban space is not reflected in official data. However, urban plans and projects had a great impact on this group since the birth of urbanism. The city growth process throughout the twentieth century operated a silent removal of Blacks from neighbourhoods around the historical centre related to social and economic factors, without being reported or discussed. This removal was widely supported by the scarcity of official data on their location and characterisation. Segregation contributed to increasing the distance from their homes to the centre, perpetuating the difficulties of social mobility, and reproducing their state of poverty. By retrieving data contained in the archives of the Associação Cultural do Negro (Black Cultural Association), collated with the report on urban planning published by the City Hall in 1961, I will show the displacement of Black people's housing outside the wealthiest central neighbourhoods and its relationship with the urban policy implemented in the period. In the order established by this policy, bridges became elements of connection with the distant neighbourhoods, allowing segregation through the expulsion of Blacks from the most privileged areas, located between the main urban rivers.
摘要在圣保罗，黑人人口在城市空间中的存在并没有反映在官方数据中。然而，自城市主义诞生以来，城市规划和项目对这一群体产生了巨大影响。整个二十世纪的城市发展过程是将黑人从历史中心周围与社会和经济因素有关的街区中无声地赶走，没有被报道或讨论。由于缺乏关于其位置和特征的官方数据，这一删除得到了广泛支持。种族隔离加剧了他们从家到中心的距离，使社会流动的困难长期存在，并再现了他们的贫困状态。通过检索黑人文化协会（Associação Cultural do Negro，黑人文化协会）档案中的数据，并与市政厅1961年发布的城市规划报告进行核对，我将展示黑人住房在最富裕的中心街区之外的流离失所情况，以及它与这一时期实施的城市政策的关系。在这项政策建立的秩序中，桥梁成为与遥远街区联系的要素，通过将黑人驱逐出位于主要城市河流之间的最优越地区，实现了种族隔离。
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Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2022.2135131
Yi-Wen Wang, J. Pendlebury, C. Nolf
ABSTRACT This paper examines the long history of planned water and landscape management in China, focusing on the Tai Lake Basin located in the southern part of the Yangtze River Delta. To position this polder landscape within the broad spectrum of water heritage in China, the paper examines the historical perceptions and symbolism of water and its decisive role in shaping Chinese outlooks on empire, urban settlements and landscapes. It then delineates the evolution of polder landscapes in the Tai Lake Basin, which has been recurrently transformed since the fifth century BCE through to their contemporary condition. Despite changing material forms, the polder landscapes in the region evidence continuous endeavour to manage water for both productive (food) and preventive (flood) purposes. The latter part of the paper considers to what extent these polder landscapes might now be considered as a ‘continuing landscape’ – an organically evolved cultural landscape reflecting the changing needs of society, economy, government as well as flood prevention. Today, with few features that are materially historical, their continued existence has been threatened by urbanization, land consolidation and agricultural modernization. The paper advocates historically informed landscape planning to safeguard these dynamic and adaptive agricultural landscapes.
{"title":"The water heritage of China: the polders of Tai Lake Basin as continuing landscape","authors":"Yi-Wen Wang, J. Pendlebury, C. Nolf","doi":"10.1080/02665433.2022.2135131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2022.2135131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the long history of planned water and landscape management in China, focusing on the Tai Lake Basin located in the southern part of the Yangtze River Delta. To position this polder landscape within the broad spectrum of water heritage in China, the paper examines the historical perceptions and symbolism of water and its decisive role in shaping Chinese outlooks on empire, urban settlements and landscapes. It then delineates the evolution of polder landscapes in the Tai Lake Basin, which has been recurrently transformed since the fifth century BCE through to their contemporary condition. Despite changing material forms, the polder landscapes in the region evidence continuous endeavour to manage water for both productive (food) and preventive (flood) purposes. The latter part of the paper considers to what extent these polder landscapes might now be considered as a ‘continuing landscape’ – an organically evolved cultural landscape reflecting the changing needs of society, economy, government as well as flood prevention. Today, with few features that are materially historical, their continued existence has been threatened by urbanization, land consolidation and agricultural modernization. The paper advocates historically informed landscape planning to safeguard these dynamic and adaptive agricultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":46569,"journal":{"name":"Planning Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":"949 - 974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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