COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY最新文献

This article explores justice among the Igbo of Nigeria through a philosophical lens. Its discussion focuses on how the Igbo idea of justice intermingles with the idea of akadiocha (clean hands), proverbs, names and equal treatment for all, including the ancestors. Personal interviews form the primary sources of data collection while library materials are the secondary sources. The economy of the Igbo people of Nigeria is dynamic and multifaceted, with traditions of commerce, agriculture, manufacturing, and diaspora contributions playing crucial roles in its development and growth. The Igbo concept of “offor” embodies enduring traditions, values, and social structures that resist rapid social change. Its symbolism and significance continue to shape various aspects of Igbo culture, reinforcing a sense of identity and continuity amidst evolving social, economic, and political dynamics. Western justice is a multifaceted philosophical idea that reflects a commitment to fairness, equality, and the rule of law within legal systems influenced by Western philosophical traditions. By examining these differences, we gain insight into the multifaceted understanding of justice within Igbo culture, which encompasses spiritual, ancestral, and communal dimensions beyond Western paradigms.

This study investigates the influence of indigenous knowledge systems on indigenous entrepreneurship and sustainability practices. Through a deductive approach, qualitative data was collected from fifteen business owners using systematic random sampling. Extensive one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to gather in-depth perspectives. The findings reveal that a significant proportion of the entrepreneurs actively incorporate indigenous knowledge into their business operations. Additionally, cultural tourism is experiencing a surge, although largely operating in the informal sector. Notably, the agripreneurs face substantial challenges in accessing mainstream markets, a predicament shared by entrepreneurs across various sectors. The conversations with the participants unveiled multidimensional obstacles hindering their progress, including inadequate capital, limited access to funding opportunities, and discriminatory practices by financial institutions. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for comprehensive support mechanisms to foster indigenous entrepreneurship and promote sustainable practices rooted in traditional knowledge systems.

How are left-behind places in a country compared to other types of places in an Eastern European country? A typology of local human development is designed and tested for the case of the Romanian society. The United Nations model of human development (structured by the three dimensions of education, economic development and health) is adapted to the local level and two contrasting measures are designed – an index and a typology of local human development. The typology resulted from a cluster analysis. It is validated by bi-variate and multivariate analysis (multinomial regression). High emigration rates, irrespective of the destination, do not bring lower development to the local origin in Romania: the destination of migration counts. There is a higher probability, in 2018, of left-behindness in localities with a higher number of emigrants to Italy in the years preceding 2011. Human development is highly differentiated by destination countries of emigration and by historical subregions. It is especially for such contexts that the quantitative approach could be misleading. Public policy targets could be better identified if qualitative and quantitative approaches are simultaneously used. The proposed approach could be adopted by keeping the same dimensions and measuring them by available and appropriate indicators.

Understanding factors influencing the adoption of preventive behaviors is crucial in pandemic prevention and control. This study employs the social-ecological model to examine the determinants of preventive actions against COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data from a household survey were analyzed using a linear regression model. The findings indicate a moderate level of preventive behavior adoption among residents. Interpersonal behavior, community norms, and organizational-level factors are identified as significant predictors, while personal and demographic factors have little influence. These results highlight the need for context-specific health interventions, addressing social and structural aspects, to effectively combat COVID-19 in Addis Ababa and similar low- and middle-income settings.

This study examines the influence of Islam on attitudes toward female labor force participation as reflected in responses to the World Values Survey (WVS) question: “When jobs are scarce, should men have more right to a job than women?”. The authors expect that respondents in Islamic (Muslim-majority) countries will have more positive attitudes toward this statement than respondents in non-Islamic countries. They test the hypothesis that the higher the percentage of Muslims in a given country, the more likely respondents are to agree with this statement. The correlation is in the predicted direction, statistically significant and quite strong. Meanwhile, tests show that respondents in Arab countries show particularly strong support for this statement (significantly stronger than in non-Arab Muslim-majority countries). Based on this, the authors try to discuss possible determinants of such attitudes. Particular support is observed in Arab countries and those non-Arab countries that have experienced a strong Arab influence. These countries can be identified with the Umayyad Caliphate in the past and may have been particularly influenced by non-Islamic elements of Arab culture that are not directly related to Islam.