Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10070
Lejla Voloder
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this article presents a comparative discussion of the cultural meanings of coffee consumption for Bosnian language speakers settled in Australia and Türkiye. Whilst a number of scholars have argued for the cultural significance of coffee drinking among “Bosnians”, to avoid the pitfalls of methodological nationalism and of serviceable translation practices, this article prioritizes the meanings that interlocutors themselves have given to consumption practices. Through ethnographic detail including the intralingual translation and co-construction of meaning that takes place during research, the article reveals the varied indexes and hidden meanings of specific references and actions in the coffee consumption practices of the Bosnian language speech community across different sites of their settlement.
{"title":"Comparing Coffee Cultures","authors":"Lejla Voloder","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this article presents a comparative discussion of the cultural meanings of coffee consumption for Bosnian language speakers settled in Australia and Türkiye. Whilst a number of scholars have argued for the cultural significance of coffee drinking among “Bosnians”, to avoid the pitfalls of methodological nationalism and of serviceable translation practices, this article prioritizes the meanings that interlocutors themselves have given to consumption practices. Through ethnographic detail including the intralingual translation and co-construction of meaning that takes place during research, the article reveals the varied indexes and hidden meanings of specific references and actions in the coffee consumption practices of the Bosnian language speech community across different sites of their settlement.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46586703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10064
Johanness Kiess
This study investigates whether European reference frames – the rating of living conditions in other countries – affect the prevalence of xenophobia among respondents in different European countries. For justifying such assumption, the author builds on two literatures: a large body of literature investigates the effect of individual and collective relative deprivation on xenophobia. Moreover, studies in the field of European sociology show that, in light of deepening European integration, people compare living conditions in different European countries. The author argues that such European reference frames matter for the development of stereotyped categorization processes and thus xenophobia. Based on original survey data, the author shows that country comparisons matter at least indirectly and he points at apparently important country differences, indicating the salience of the respective countries in public debates and warranting further research. With these insights, this article offers an important contribution to research on xenophobia as well as to European sociology.
{"title":"Perceptions of Living Conditions across Europe and Their Impact on Xenophobia","authors":"Johanness Kiess","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study investigates whether European reference frames – the rating of living conditions in other countries – affect the prevalence of xenophobia among respondents in different European countries. For justifying such assumption, the author builds on two literatures: a large body of literature investigates the effect of individual and collective relative deprivation on xenophobia. Moreover, studies in the field of European sociology show that, in light of deepening European integration, people compare living conditions in different European countries. The author argues that such European reference frames matter for the development of stereotyped categorization processes and thus xenophobia. Based on original survey data, the author shows that country comparisons matter at least indirectly and he points at apparently important country differences, indicating the salience of the respective countries in public debates and warranting further research. With these insights, this article offers an important contribution to research on xenophobia as well as to European sociology.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10065
K. Cynk
Natural environment is a quiet but grave victim of every war. The purpose of this article is to present the way selected governmental departments communicate environmental issues to their citizens during the war in Ukraine. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out. The analysed material consisted of messages posted on the websites of the ministries in the period from February 24 to April 1, 2022: Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. The comparative analysis has shown that, while the Ukrainian ministry consistently posted information about the damage suffered by the environment, and not only in Ukraine, but also throughout Europe, the ministries of the countries neighbouring with Ukraine – with the exception of the Slovak ministry – did not provide information about the consequences of war for the environment.
{"title":"The Environment in the Context of the War in Ukraine","authors":"K. Cynk","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Natural environment is a quiet but grave victim of every war. The purpose of this article is to present the way selected governmental departments communicate environmental issues to their citizens during the war in Ukraine. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out. The analysed material consisted of messages posted on the websites of the ministries in the period from February 24 to April 1, 2022: Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. The comparative analysis has shown that, while the Ukrainian ministry consistently posted information about the damage suffered by the environment, and not only in Ukraine, but also throughout Europe, the ministries of the countries neighbouring with Ukraine – with the exception of the Slovak ministry – did not provide information about the consequences of war for the environment.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46938022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10061
M. Evans, J. Kelley
Everywhere, education is well rewarded, roughly 5% to 15% for each additional year of university, hence a major source of income inequality. Why do ordinary people see income rewards to education as legitimate? Two key theories: (1) their moral views might align with classical equity arguments asserting a moral entitlement to rewards in proportion to contributions. (2) Alternatively, they might see rewards to education as fair returns on investment, a morally infused folk version of human capital. These share almost all their predictions, but they differ if an employer fully finances the education. Analysis of a large representative Australian sample reveals that the public’s ideal returns to education match equity justifications (~80%), not economists’ fair return on investments (~10%).
{"title":"The Legitimation of Rewards to Education","authors":"M. Evans, J. Kelley","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Everywhere, education is well rewarded, roughly 5% to 15% for each additional year of university, hence a major source of income inequality. Why do ordinary people see income rewards to education as legitimate? Two key theories: (1) their moral views might align with classical equity arguments asserting a moral entitlement to rewards in proportion to contributions. (2) Alternatively, they might see rewards to education as fair returns on investment, a morally infused folk version of human capital. These share almost all their predictions, but they differ if an employer fully finances the education. Analysis of a large representative Australian sample reveals that the public’s ideal returns to education match equity justifications (~80%), not economists’ fair return on investments (~10%).","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48882882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10062
I. Medvedev, V. Ustyuzhanin, J. Zinkina, Andrey Korotayev
Based on the experience of previous studies, the authors use machine learning methods at two levels for evaluating predictors of instability. First, they analyze the factors that lead to instability in general; second, they focus on the factors that influence the intensity of instability. Their analysis relies on data on mass protest destabilization. The system for assessing predictors of nonviolent destabilization is modernized and a two-level model is developed for ranking the factors of instability. After that, using Shapley vectors, all predictors within the final model are estimated and quantified. The authors analyze several subsamples: the world as a whole, the World System core and periphery, and the Afrasian instability macrozone. The result shows that the division of the original database into world-system zones, as well as specifying the Afrasian zone as a separate entity makes sense. The results obtained through machine learning are further cross-validated with more traditional regression models.
{"title":"Machine Learning for Ranking Factors of Global and Regional Protest Destabilization with a Special Focus on Afrasian Instability Macrozone","authors":"I. Medvedev, V. Ustyuzhanin, J. Zinkina, Andrey Korotayev","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Based on the experience of previous studies, the authors use machine learning methods at two levels for evaluating predictors of instability. First, they analyze the factors that lead to instability in general; second, they focus on the factors that influence the intensity of instability. Their analysis relies on data on mass protest destabilization. The system for assessing predictors of nonviolent destabilization is modernized and a two-level model is developed for ranking the factors of instability. After that, using Shapley vectors, all predictors within the final model are estimated and quantified. The authors analyze several subsamples: the world as a whole, the World System core and periphery, and the Afrasian instability macrozone. The result shows that the division of the original database into world-system zones, as well as specifying the Afrasian zone as a separate entity makes sense. The results obtained through machine learning are further cross-validated with more traditional regression models.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49377415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10066
Yikun Zhao
This article analyses the emergent professional type of modern butler in mainland China from an Eliasian figurational perspective, against the backdrop of the changing power balances between social groups along with the rise of China’s High Net Worth Individuals in the post-reform era. It paints a portrait of the modern butler by drawing on ethnographic observation and interviews conducted at a butler training institute. This emergent professional type’s characteristic costumed appearance, stringent morality, communicative tact, signature pride, and art of service, are analytically linked to the figurational position of the new economic elites through thick description, as forms of vicarious cultural and moral distinction made desirable by the changing social dynamisms.
{"title":"A Portrait of the Modern Butler as an Emergent Professional Type in Mainland China","authors":"Yikun Zhao","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article analyses the emergent professional type of modern butler in mainland China from an Eliasian figurational perspective, against the backdrop of the changing power balances between social groups along with the rise of China’s High Net Worth Individuals in the post-reform era. It paints a portrait of the modern butler by drawing on ethnographic observation and interviews conducted at a butler training institute. This emergent professional type’s characteristic costumed appearance, stringent morality, communicative tact, signature pride, and art of service, are analytically linked to the figurational position of the new economic elites through thick description, as forms of vicarious cultural and moral distinction made desirable by the changing social dynamisms.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1163/15691330-12341550
Rakesh M. Krishnan
{"title":"Intellectuals, Inequalities and Transitions: Prospects for a Critical Sociology, edited by Demeter, Tamás","authors":"Rakesh M. Krishnan","doi":"10.1163/15691330-12341550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64959400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10058
A. Calado, Luís Capucha, Jane Gray, K. Wódz
The debt crisis sparked a growing interest in resilience as a means to address socioeconomic hardship in Europe. This research used qualitative secondary analysis of three emblematic cases to examine resilience processes in countries with diverse welfare regimes: Poland, Portugal and Ireland. The goal is to undertake a comparative analysis of the lived experiences of households in situations of hardship, while addressing the influence of sociopolitical frameworks on social agency. Under an economic recession and reduced social investment, findings show that resilience processes had only marginal positive effects, consisting mostly of survival practices to cope with increased levels of poverty and social risk, regardless of national setting. Instead of leading to sustained improvements in their lives, resilience processes increased the vulnerability of individuals. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors discuss why policy-makers remain attracted to resilience as a social response to crises and how it is shaping the European Union’s social policy.
{"title":"Fighting Poverty in Times of Crisis in Europe","authors":"A. Calado, Luís Capucha, Jane Gray, K. Wódz","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The debt crisis sparked a growing interest in resilience as a means to address socioeconomic hardship in Europe. This research used qualitative secondary analysis of three emblematic cases to examine resilience processes in countries with diverse welfare regimes: Poland, Portugal and Ireland. The goal is to undertake a comparative analysis of the lived experiences of households in situations of hardship, while addressing the influence of sociopolitical frameworks on social agency. Under an economic recession and reduced social investment, findings show that resilience processes had only marginal positive effects, consisting mostly of survival practices to cope with increased levels of poverty and social risk, regardless of national setting. Instead of leading to sustained improvements in their lives, resilience processes increased the vulnerability of individuals. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors discuss why policy-makers remain attracted to resilience as a social response to crises and how it is shaping the European Union’s social policy.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45220361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10059
Cihan Ertan, Özge Sarialioğlu
This article focuses on the experiences of artistic performers in Turkey from a primarily interactionist theoretical stance and aims to explore how they have been affected by the COVID-19 crisis. The lockdown policies implemented in Turkey have had dire consequences for these performers, exposing them to a new social position of insecurity and uncertainty. They have suffered not only from a lack of economic resources but also of the social interaction that in prior circumstances provided them with the grounds upon which they construct and present their social self. The findings of the study show that the closures of performance spaces fractured the day-to-day routines that would normally provide them with a secure social self since they lacked the ground (the physical stage) through which they have physical interaction with others (their audiences). The narratives in the study demonstrate that not being able to be on-stage endangered the process of the social construction of the self as performers and that they sought new ways of reconstituting the performer-audience interaction in order to ease the negative effects of the pandemic conditions and to secure their selves.
{"title":"COVID-19 Experiences of Stage Performers","authors":"Cihan Ertan, Özge Sarialioğlu","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article focuses on the experiences of artistic performers in Turkey from a primarily interactionist theoretical stance and aims to explore how they have been affected by the COVID-19 crisis. The lockdown policies implemented in Turkey have had dire consequences for these performers, exposing them to a new social position of insecurity and uncertainty. They have suffered not only from a lack of economic resources but also of the social interaction that in prior circumstances provided them with the grounds upon which they construct and present their social self. The findings of the study show that the closures of performance spaces fractured the day-to-day routines that would normally provide them with a secure social self since they lacked the ground (the physical stage) through which they have physical interaction with others (their audiences). The narratives in the study demonstrate that not being able to be on-stage endangered the process of the social construction of the self as performers and that they sought new ways of reconstituting the performer-audience interaction in order to ease the negative effects of the pandemic conditions and to secure their selves.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45966743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10053
A. Oladejo, Jackson T. C. B. Jack
At the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, world leaders introduced face masking and tactical urbanism aimed at reducing physical contacts. The goal of these measures, as argued by the proponents, is to curtail community transmission of the virus to enable herd immunity. The enforcement of these measures attracted contradictions related to human rights and citizen duty. In the Global North, the rising cases of COVID-19 have been linked to resistance to regulations aimed at containing the virus. Predominantly, the younger generation perceive these measures as infringements on their freedoms and rights. Conversely, in the Global South, the implementation of COVID-19 measures has been marred by instances of human rights violations and extra-judicial killings in extreme cases. There are reported cases of arbitrary arrests, battery, and extortions consequent upon the enforcement of physical distancing and use of face masks. The paradox of the differential experiences between the Global North and South informed this article. Relying on extant literature and Procedural Justice Theory, the authors submit that rights and duties are not mutually exclusive, but can be blended through a proactive participatory process within a democratic framework. The article recommends a multi-level legislative framework for disaster management.
{"title":"Of COVID-19 Transmission Control","authors":"A. Oladejo, Jackson T. C. B. Jack","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 At the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, world leaders introduced face masking and tactical urbanism aimed at reducing physical contacts. The goal of these measures, as argued by the proponents, is to curtail community transmission of the virus to enable herd immunity. The enforcement of these measures attracted contradictions related to human rights and citizen duty. In the Global North, the rising cases of COVID-19 have been linked to resistance to regulations aimed at containing the virus. Predominantly, the younger generation perceive these measures as infringements on their freedoms and rights. Conversely, in the Global South, the implementation of COVID-19 measures has been marred by instances of human rights violations and extra-judicial killings in extreme cases. There are reported cases of arbitrary arrests, battery, and extortions consequent upon the enforcement of physical distancing and use of face masks. The paradox of the differential experiences between the Global North and South informed this article. Relying on extant literature and Procedural Justice Theory, the authors submit that rights and duties are not mutually exclusive, but can be blended through a proactive participatory process within a democratic framework. The article recommends a multi-level legislative framework for disaster management.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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