Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15691330-12341553
Jamsheed K. Choksy
{"title":"Buddhism in Central Asia II: Practice and Rituals, Visual and Material Transfer, edited by Kasai, Yukiyo, & Henrik H. Sørensen","authors":"Jamsheed K. Choksy","doi":"10.1163/15691330-12341553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10092
Joanna Kitsnik
Abstract Rising socio-economic inequality has been paired with tolerance of inequality. When explaining individual tolerance of unequal income distribution, contextual factors capturing socio-economic conditions and objective inequality are less important than individual-level values and beliefs about the origins of and reasonings behind the unequal circumstances. These inequality-legitimizing narratives constitute a range of ideas from equal opportunities and individual liberties to egalitarian values and beliefs about the function of meritocracy. Findings from the linear mixed effects models on the cross-sectional data from the Integrated Values Study (2017–2020) on 34 OECD countries support the argument that individuals’ agreement with inequality legitimizing narratives predicts higher tolerance of unequal income distribution. However, country-level objective inequality and economic prosperity both fail to directly predict tolerance of unequal incomes. When compared to contextual factors, the acceptance of inequality legitimizing narratives is a significantly better predictor of inequality tolerance.
{"title":"Why We Don’t Mind the Gap","authors":"Joanna Kitsnik","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10092","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rising socio-economic inequality has been paired with tolerance of inequality. When explaining individual tolerance of unequal income distribution, contextual factors capturing socio-economic conditions and objective inequality are less important than individual-level values and beliefs about the origins of and reasonings behind the unequal circumstances. These inequality-legitimizing narratives constitute a range of ideas from equal opportunities and individual liberties to egalitarian values and beliefs about the function of meritocracy. Findings from the linear mixed effects models on the cross-sectional data from the Integrated Values Study (2017–2020) on 34 OECD countries support the argument that individuals’ agreement with inequality legitimizing narratives predicts higher tolerance of unequal income distribution. However, country-level objective inequality and economic prosperity both fail to directly predict tolerance of unequal incomes. When compared to contextual factors, the acceptance of inequality legitimizing narratives is a significantly better predictor of inequality tolerance.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10091
Steven A. Mejia
Abstract There has been a dramatic increase in the long-term accumulation of foreign direct investment ( FDI ) in less-developed countries from 1980–2018. Scholars argue that these processes have harmful effects on climate change-inducing emissions. Here, the author argues that such expansions have beneficial impacts. He empirically evaluates such theorization using fixed effects ( FE ) panel regression models. Results provide support for his view. These results suggest that the long-term accumulation of foreign direct investment in less-developed countries has beneficial implications for the scale, intensity, and ecoefficiency of carbon dioxide emissions.
{"title":"Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, and Climate Change","authors":"Steven A. Mejia","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10091","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a dramatic increase in the long-term accumulation of foreign direct investment ( FDI ) in less-developed countries from 1980–2018. Scholars argue that these processes have harmful effects on climate change-inducing emissions. Here, the author argues that such expansions have beneficial impacts. He empirically evaluates such theorization using fixed effects ( FE ) panel regression models. Results provide support for his view. These results suggest that the long-term accumulation of foreign direct investment in less-developed countries has beneficial implications for the scale, intensity, and ecoefficiency of carbon dioxide emissions.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10087
Zhibek Syzdykova, Viacheslav Mikhaylov, Ainagul Temirkhanova, Nikolay Shestakov
Abstract The main motivation for the study is to address the existing problem of determining the influence of the (emerging) economic elite on the global capital flows on which both the national economies and the global economy depend. The results of the study show that the economic elite does not arise on its own – it is developed from MNC s’ managers. Such managers have vast experience and are key figures in the structure of such companies. Through their decisions, they affect not only the company they work for, but also the global economy. The practical value of the study consists in the possibility of using the obtained results for further research into the influence of economic elites on the capital flows in the global economy, and the proposed classification of economic elites allows identifying the channels of influence of economic elites on the global economy.
{"title":"Modern Economic Elites","authors":"Zhibek Syzdykova, Viacheslav Mikhaylov, Ainagul Temirkhanova, Nikolay Shestakov","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main motivation for the study is to address the existing problem of determining the influence of the (emerging) economic elite on the global capital flows on which both the national economies and the global economy depend. The results of the study show that the economic elite does not arise on its own – it is developed from MNC s’ managers. Such managers have vast experience and are key figures in the structure of such companies. Through their decisions, they affect not only the company they work for, but also the global economy. The practical value of the study consists in the possibility of using the obtained results for further research into the influence of economic elites on the capital flows in the global economy, and the proposed classification of economic elites allows identifying the channels of influence of economic elites on the global economy.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10089
Adi Binhas, Wurud Jayusi, Christina Hajisoteriou
Abstract This article comparatively examines the results of a qualitative study of how non-governmental organizations ( NGO s) may promote a shared society in the conflict-affected areas of Israel and Cyprus. The authors have chosen to set their research in these two contexts, where the complex relationships between the majority and the minority communities have led to persistent conflicts that seem rather ‘intractable’ and ‘frozen’. Three thematic categories emerge from this analysis: (a) empowering citizens to enact intercultural initiatives; (b) enhancing youth’s agency; and (c) collaborating with the state and other actors. The authors discuss their findings under the framework of interculturalism and intercultural change. Their argument is that for peacebuilding to flourish in both countries, civil society organizations ( CSO s) should cultivate sympathetic imagination by enabling people from the communities in conflict to firstly imagine and then pursue alternatives to the current status quo.
{"title":"How NGOs May Promote a Shared Society in Conflict-Affected Areas","authors":"Adi Binhas, Wurud Jayusi, Christina Hajisoteriou","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article comparatively examines the results of a qualitative study of how non-governmental organizations ( NGO s) may promote a shared society in the conflict-affected areas of Israel and Cyprus. The authors have chosen to set their research in these two contexts, where the complex relationships between the majority and the minority communities have led to persistent conflicts that seem rather ‘intractable’ and ‘frozen’. Three thematic categories emerge from this analysis: (a) empowering citizens to enact intercultural initiatives; (b) enhancing youth’s agency; and (c) collaborating with the state and other actors. The authors discuss their findings under the framework of interculturalism and intercultural change. Their argument is that for peacebuilding to flourish in both countries, civil society organizations ( CSO s) should cultivate sympathetic imagination by enabling people from the communities in conflict to firstly imagine and then pursue alternatives to the current status quo.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10090
Shahd Alasaly, Larissa Basso, Andrew Hargrove, Jamie M. Sommer
Abstract Given current climate change issues, scholars have recently focused on how different adaptation and mitigation policies may be effective at improving the environment. On the one hand, researchers argue that climate change policies will help reduce environmental problems like CO 2 emissions due to their focus on green energy and markets. On the other hand, many argue that these policies are too small in scope, reformist, and do not address the underlying issues driving climate change. However, little is known about how climate change policies as a whole are impacting CO 2 emissions cross-nationally. To address this research gap, the authors use two-way fixed effects regression analysis to test how climate change policies impact CO 2 emissions per capita across 159 nations from 1996 to 2018. Most importantly, this analysis considers how factors like governance, specifically a nation’s control of corruption, moderates the impact of climate change policies on CO 2 emissions.
{"title":"Climate Change Policies and Control of Corruption: A Cross-National Analysis of CO2 Emissions","authors":"Shahd Alasaly, Larissa Basso, Andrew Hargrove, Jamie M. Sommer","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given current climate change issues, scholars have recently focused on how different adaptation and mitigation policies may be effective at improving the environment. On the one hand, researchers argue that climate change policies will help reduce environmental problems like CO 2 emissions due to their focus on green energy and markets. On the other hand, many argue that these policies are too small in scope, reformist, and do not address the underlying issues driving climate change. However, little is known about how climate change policies as a whole are impacting CO 2 emissions cross-nationally. To address this research gap, the authors use two-way fixed effects regression analysis to test how climate change policies impact CO 2 emissions per capita across 159 nations from 1996 to 2018. Most importantly, this analysis considers how factors like governance, specifically a nation’s control of corruption, moderates the impact of climate change policies on CO 2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study identifies perceptions about susceptibility and responses to health risks among children of the street in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews from 22 purposely selected street children. In addition to the field notes, audio was recorded, transcribed and translated into English. After coding the responses, themes and sub-themes were identified, followed by interpretations of responses. The findings showed that children of the street perceive to be highly susceptible for health risks such as HIV/AIDS , skin diseases, malaria, accidental injuries, lung cancer, and ‘ Corella ’. Whereas most of the health risks have been associated generally with the living situations of the children, engagement in risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual practices, addictions to drugs and other harmful substances, and sharing of sharp materials have also been reported to increase their vulnerability. The extent to which they perceive to be susceptible, the type of disease and its perceived cause were found to influence the preventive health behavior of the street children. The high risk perception among street children opened the way for individual and collective efforts of maintaining health and wellbeing which in turn facilitates interventions aimed at reintegrating street children into the society.
{"title":"Perceived Susceptibility and Responses to Ill-health Risks among Children of the Street in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Bewunetu Zewude, Getahun Siraw, Kibur Engdawork, Getnet Tadele","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study identifies perceptions about susceptibility and responses to health risks among children of the street in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews from 22 purposely selected street children. In addition to the field notes, audio was recorded, transcribed and translated into English. After coding the responses, themes and sub-themes were identified, followed by interpretations of responses. The findings showed that children of the street perceive to be highly susceptible for health risks such as HIV/AIDS , skin diseases, malaria, accidental injuries, lung cancer, and ‘ Corella ’. Whereas most of the health risks have been associated generally with the living situations of the children, engagement in risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual practices, addictions to drugs and other harmful substances, and sharing of sharp materials have also been reported to increase their vulnerability. The extent to which they perceive to be susceptible, the type of disease and its perceived cause were found to influence the preventive health behavior of the street children. The high risk perception among street children opened the way for individual and collective efforts of maintaining health and wellbeing which in turn facilitates interventions aimed at reintegrating street children into the society.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10083
Babatunde Raphael Ojebuyi, Hadrat Mopelola Ajao
This study was designed to examine the survival activities of the street children in Ibadan, Nigeria, the street sub-cultures among them, the push factors, and language use in terms of their inventions of communication strategies for survival as “slum” dwellers. A total of 34 in-depth interviews and seven key informant interviews were conducted among purposively selected street children and stakeholders, respectively, in Iwo-Road, Ibadan. The findings show that the street children predominantly engaged in begging and petty hawking among other activities. Three subcultures—children of the streets, children on the streets and street family children—existed among the children. Poverty, dysfunctional families, the death of parents, and the search for excitement pushed the children to the streets. Street children have developed different communication strategies such as non-verbal acts, verbal narratives, emotional appeal, dramatisation, music, prayers, and abusive expressions to fit into their peculiar groups and survive as street dwellers.
{"title":"Resilient Dwellers of Urban “Slums”","authors":"Babatunde Raphael Ojebuyi, Hadrat Mopelola Ajao","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study was designed to examine the survival activities of the street children in Ibadan, Nigeria, the street sub-cultures among them, the push factors, and language use in terms of their inventions of communication strategies for survival as “slum” dwellers. A total of 34 in-depth interviews and seven key informant interviews were conducted among purposively selected street children and stakeholders, respectively, in Iwo-Road, Ibadan. The findings show that the street children predominantly engaged in begging and petty hawking among other activities. Three subcultures—children of the streets, children on the streets and street family children—existed among the children. Poverty, dysfunctional families, the death of parents, and the search for excitement pushed the children to the streets. Street children have developed different communication strategies such as non-verbal acts, verbal narratives, emotional appeal, dramatisation, music, prayers, and abusive expressions to fit into their peculiar groups and survive as street dwellers.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1163/15691330-12341552
D. Ganguly
{"title":"Organizing Anarchy: Anarchism in Action, written by Shantz, J.","authors":"D. Ganguly","doi":"10.1163/15691330-12341552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1163/15691330-bja10085
S. Ru
Existing research on the US Marshall Plan and China’s OBOR Initiative has tended to focus on national interests and relations with the countries involved in the projects, assuming the state or interstate relations as the unit of analysis and focusing on the background (or causes), process, and outcomes of the Marshall Plan and Belt and Road Initiative. In contrast to these approaches, this study aims to show the transnational elements (i.e., logics of the capitalist world-economy) of the Marshall Plan and OBOR that both projects have in common. This study also presents how both projects at least partially helped to revitalize and boost global capitalism beyond their own national interests. The theoretical contribution of this study is to show that the logic of global capitalism is part of what keeps the Marshall Plan and OBORs going.
{"title":"America’s Marshall Plan and China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative","authors":"S. Ru","doi":"10.1163/15691330-bja10085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10085","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Existing research on the US Marshall Plan and China’s OBOR Initiative has tended to focus on national interests and relations with the countries involved in the projects, assuming the state or interstate relations as the unit of analysis and focusing on the background (or causes), process, and outcomes of the Marshall Plan and Belt and Road Initiative. In contrast to these approaches, this study aims to show the transnational elements (i.e., logics of the capitalist world-economy) of the Marshall Plan and OBOR that both projects have in common. This study also presents how both projects at least partially helped to revitalize and boost global capitalism beyond their own national interests. The theoretical contribution of this study is to show that the logic of global capitalism is part of what keeps the Marshall Plan and OBORs going.","PeriodicalId":46584,"journal":{"name":"COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45319944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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