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The Effects of Wildfires on the Mental and Physical Health of School-Age Children in North America: A Scoping Review 野火对北美学龄儿童身心健康的影响:范围审查》。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.70002
Sarah Oerther, Sarah Manspeaker, Alison Wix, Daniel Oerther, Carmen Marsit

Background

Wildfires are occurring more often and with greater intensity, leading to longer and harsher fire seasons. As a result, children are more frequently exposed to wildfire smoke, which increases their risk of mental and physical health effects.

Purpose

The purpose of our scoping review is to explore the current literature on what is known about the direct and indirect impacts of wildfires on the mental and physical health of school-age children in North America (5 to 18-year-olds).

Methods

A health sciences librarian-assisted literature search, with input from the research team, was performed.

Results

A total of 16 studies were selected. Common mental health symptoms such as anxiety, depression, suicidal thinking, and post-traumatic stress disorder have been identified. The findings of this review are in line with recent studies showing a connection between adult wildfire exposure and respiratory conditions; however, no cardiovascular health effects in children were identified.

Conclusions

The available studies in our review demonstrate that wildfires do increase the impacts on both mental and physical health postexposure in school-age children. Future research should specifically include larger samples, more qualitative and longitudinal studies that can more effectively analyze the effects of wildfire events on psychological factors over time, conceptual frameworks, and exposure metrics specific for PM2.5 from wildfire smoke.

背景:野火发生的频率越来越高,强度也越来越大,导致火季更长、更严酷。目的:我们进行范围界定审查的目的是探讨目前关于野火对北美学龄儿童(5 至 18 岁)身心健康的直接和间接影响的文献:方法:由健康科学图书馆员协助进行文献检索,研究小组提供意见:结果:共选取了 16 项研究。发现了焦虑、抑郁、自杀念头和创伤后应激障碍等常见的心理健康症状。本综述的研究结果与最近的研究结果一致,这些研究表明成人接触野火与呼吸系统疾病之间存在联系;但是,没有发现野火对儿童心血管健康造成影响:我们综述的现有研究表明,野火确实会增加学龄儿童接触野火后对身心健康的影响。未来的研究应特别包括更大的样本、更多的定性和纵向研究,以便更有效地分析野火事件对心理因素的长期影响、概念框架以及野火烟雾中 PM2.5 的具体暴露指标。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between Social Media Addiction and Perceived Stress in Adolescents 社交媒体成瘾与青少年感知压力之间的关系。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.70000
Arzu Sarialioğlu, Tuğba Oluç

Purpose

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between social media addiction and perceived stress in adolescents.

Method

The study was conducted in a descriptive and cross-sectional design between September and December 2022 in secondary education institutions of the Provincial Directorate of National Education in a city center in eastern Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 716 adolescents who were studying in the ninth grade (145), 10th grade (198), 11th grade (216), and 12th grade (157) who met the inclusion criteria of the study at the time the study was conducted. The sample comprised individuals with diverse sociodemographic characteristics, including ages, genders, school success levels, parents’ education levels, parents’ job status, socioeconomic status, time spent on daily social media, and purposes of social media use of the adolescents. The “Sociodemographic Characteristics Form,” “Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents (SMASA),” and “Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)” were used as the data collection tools. Ethical principles were fulfilled in the study.

Results

It was found that the average age of the adolescents who participated in the study was 15.71 ± 1.22, 58.1% were females, 41.1% had good school success, 90.5% had a mobile phone, 90.2% used WhatsApp, 56.8% said that their daily social media use time was between 1 and 3 h, and 64% said that their purpose of using social media was for entertainment and leisure. The mean SMASA score was 18.49 ± 6.98, and the mean PSS score was 42.11 ± 7.54. It was found in the study that the mother's employment status, phone ownership status, use of Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Snapchat, YouTube, TikTok, and LinkedIn accounts, daily social media use, time and purposes of using social media affected the mean SMASA score. Age, gender, school success, use of Instagram and Snapchat accounts, daily social media use time, and purposes of using social media affected the mean PSS score (p < 0.05). As a result of the study, a positive and low-level significant relationship was detected between social media addiction and perceived stress levels (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

As the levels of social media addiction increase in adolescents, the perceived stress levels also increase. It was also found that some variables affected the social media addiction and perceived stress levels of adolescents.

目的:本研究旨在确定青少年社交媒体成瘾与感知压力之间的关系:研究采用描述性横断面设计,于 2022 年 9 月至 12 月期间在土耳其东部某市中心省国民教育局的中学教育机构进行。研究样本由 716 名青少年组成,他们分别就读于九年级(145 人)、十年级(198 人)、十一年级(216 人)和十二年级(157 人),在研究进行时均符合研究的纳入标准。样本由具有不同社会人口学特征的个体组成,包括青少年的年龄、性别、学业成就水平、父母的教育水平、父母的工作状况、社会经济状况、每天使用社交媒体的时间以及使用社交媒体的目的。数据收集工具包括 "社会人口特征表"、"青少年社交媒体成瘾量表(SMASA)"和 "感知压力量表(PSS)"。研究符合伦理原则:研究发现,参与研究的青少年平均年龄为(15.71±1.22)岁,58.1%为女性,41.1%学业成绩良好,90.5%拥有手机,90.2%使用WhatsApp,56.8%表示每天使用社交媒体的时间在1至3小时之间,64%表示使用社交媒体的目的是为了娱乐和休闲。平均 SMASA 得分为 18.49 ± 6.98,平均 PSS 得分为 42.11 ± 7.54。研究发现,母亲的就业状况、手机拥有状况、Instagram、Facebook、Twitter、WhatsApp、Snapchat、YouTube、TikTok 和 LinkedIn 账户的使用情况、社交媒体的日常使用情况、使用社交媒体的时间和目的都会影响 SMASA 的平均得分。年龄、性别、学业成绩、Instagram 和 Snapchat 账户的使用情况、每天使用社交媒体的时间和使用社交媒体的目的影响 PSS 平均得分(p 结论:随着社交媒体成瘾程度的增加,PSS 平均得分也会增加:随着青少年社交媒体成瘾程度的增加,其感知到的压力也会增加。研究还发现,一些变量会影响青少年的社交媒体成瘾程度和压力感知水平。
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引用次数: 0
Youth mental health crisis: What's next? 青少年心理健康危机:下一步该怎么办?
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12480
Kathleen R. Delaney PhD, APRN, PMH-NP, FAAN
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引用次数: 0
Mental health conditions of Colombian adolescent population: An approach to risk 哥伦比亚青少年的心理健康状况:风险分析方法
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12479
Consuelo V. Álvarez, Oscar M. C. Ramírez, Natalia S. Palacio

Objective

To determine the mental health conditions of adolescents in the city of Manizales, Colombia, and explore risk regarding gender-based differences.

Materials and Methods

Quantitative, nonexperimental, descriptive research with associative scope. A total of 316 adolescents were assessed using five scales to evaluate mental health conditions: the Perceived Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and The Substance Dependence Severity Scale. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed, Chi square and Odds Ratio were tested.

Results

The findings indicated that being female is a risk factor for high levels of perceived stress, depressive episodes and anxiety. Additionally, adolescents who are not attending school are at higher risk for dependence and abuse of psychoactive substances. Conversely, being female acts as a protective factor against dependence on psychoactive substances.

Conclusions

The findings suggest a higher tendency among the participants towards experiencing depressive episodes. Regarding perceived stress, 71.5% of the participants fell into the low category, while 70.6% experienced a current episode of generalized anxiety.

目的 了解哥伦比亚马尼萨莱斯市青少年的心理健康状况,并探讨性别差异带来的风险。 材料与方法 定量、非实验、描述性、关联性研究。共对 316 名青少年进行了评估,使用了五种量表来评估心理健康状况:感知压力量表、患者健康问卷-9、广泛性焦虑症量表、宾大酒精渴求量表和药物依赖严重程度量表。研究人员进行了单变量和双变量分析,并对Chi square和Odds Ratio进行了检验。 结果 研究结果表明,女性是导致高压力感知、抑郁发作和焦虑的风险因素。此外,失学青少年依赖和滥用精神活性物质的风险更高。相反,女性则是防止依赖精神活性物质的保护因素。 结论 研究结果表明,参与者更倾向于经历抑郁发作。在感知压力方面,71.5%的受试者属于低压力类别,而 70.6%的受试者目前正处于广泛焦虑状态。
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引用次数: 0
Soothing venipuncture: Bubble blowing and ball squeezing in reducing anxiety, fear, and pain in children 舒缓静脉穿刺:吹泡泡和挤压球能减轻儿童的焦虑、恐惧和疼痛。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12478
Abdullah Sarman RN, PhD, Suat Tuncay RN, PhD

Problem

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of bubble-blowing and ball-squeezing interventions on children's levels of anxiety, fear, and pain during venipuncture procedures.

Methods

This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Out of 108 children aged 5−10 years, 72 were allocated to the two experimental groups, while 36 were assigned to the control group. The levels of anxiety, fear, and pain experienced by the children were assessed using the “Wong-Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale,” “Child Anxiety Scale-State,” and “Child Fear Scale,” respectively. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while intragroup comparisons were conducted using Wilks' Lambda analysis.

Findings

It was observed that 50% of the children in the control group, 47.2% in the bubble-blowing group, and 47.2% in the ball-queezing group did not receive information about the painful procedure. Anxiety, fear, and pain scores of all groups were statistically similar in the initial measurement without any intervention. Children in the bubble-blowing and ball-squeezing groups experienced lower anxiety, fear, and pain during and at the end of the painful procedures.

Conclusions

The study discovered that interventions involving bubble blowing and ball squeezing significantly decreased children's levels of anxiety, fear, and pain both during and after intravenous procedures. Information on procedures, alongside interactive techniques like bubble blowing and ball squeezing, helps pediatric nurses calm children, easing anxiety, fear, and pain. Implementing these strategies enhances treatment experiences and confidence in healthcare.

问题:本研究的目的是调查吹泡泡和挤球干预措施对儿童在静脉穿刺过程中焦虑、恐惧和疼痛程度的影响:本研究设计为随机对照试验。在 108 名 5-10 岁的儿童中,72 名被分配到两个实验组,36 名被分配到对照组。分别使用 "Wong-Baker FACES® 疼痛评分量表"、"儿童焦虑量表-状态 "和 "儿童恐惧量表 "评估儿童的焦虑、恐惧和疼痛程度。组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组内比较采用 Wilks' Lambda 分析:观察发现,对照组有 50%的儿童、吹泡泡组有 47.2%的儿童、挤压球组有 47.2%的儿童没有收到有关痛苦过程的信息。在没有任何干预措施的情况下,所有组别的焦虑、恐惧和疼痛评分在初始测量时在统计学上相似。吹泡泡组和挤压球组的儿童在疼痛过程中和结束时的焦虑、恐惧和疼痛程度较低:研究发现,吹泡泡和挤压球的干预措施能显著降低儿童在静脉注射过程中和结束后的焦虑、恐惧和疼痛程度。有关手术的信息以及吹泡泡和挤球等互动技巧有助于儿科护士安抚儿童,缓解焦虑、恐惧和疼痛。实施这些策略可以增强治疗体验和对医疗保健的信心。
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引用次数: 0
Pediatric psychiatric inpatients' perspectives of aggression management: Discernment in the doorway 儿科精神病住院患者对攻击管理的看法:门口的辨别。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12477
Graham McCaffrey RN, BA, PhD, Melissa Adrian RN, MN

Problem

Aggressive behavior is common on psychiatric inpatient units. Seclusion and restraint interventions to manage patients' aggressive behavior may have the consequence of being traumatizing for patients. Pediatric psychiatric patients' perspective on the use of seclusion and restraint interventions is not present in the literature.

Methods

This hermeneutic nursing research study asked the question, “How might we understand children's experiences of seclusion and restraints on an inpatient psychiatric unit?” Four past pediatric psychiatric inpatients shared their hospitalization experiences that occurred within the previous year when they were 10 years old. The texts of the research interviews were compared to Attachment Theory for a deeper understanding of the meaning of the message.

Findings

Participants commonly described experiences with seclusion and restraints as feeling trapped and alone in a dark room. They recommended the nurses step into the room with them to help them heal. Interpretively, the rooms on inpatient units could be considered as actual and metaphorical spaces of possible harm or healing.

Conclusion

The participant's voices expand understanding of nurse's use of discernment at the doorway of a patient room to ensure the most therapeutic care is provided to the patient in these spaces through a secure nurse–patient relationship.

问题:攻击行为在精神病住院病房很常见。为控制病人的攻击性行为而采取的隔离和约束干预措施可能会给病人造成心理创伤。儿科精神病患者对使用隔离和约束干预措施的看法在文献中并不存在:这项诠释学护理研究提出的问题是:"我们如何理解儿童在精神科住院病房使用隔离和约束措施的经历?四名过去的儿科精神病住院患者分享了他们在去年 10 岁时的住院经历。我们将研究访谈的文本与依恋理论进行了比较,以加深对信息含义的理解:参与者普遍将隔离和束缚的经历描述为在黑暗的房间里感到被困和孤独。他们建议护士与他们一起进入房间,帮助他们治愈。从解释的角度来看,住院部的房间可以被视为可能造成伤害或治愈的实际和隐喻空间:参与者的声音扩展了对护士在病房门口使用辨别力的理解,以确保通过安全的护患关系在这些空间为患者提供最具治疗性的护理。
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引用次数: 0
Psychoeducation group facilitation training for nurses: A quality improvement project 护士心理教育小组促进培训:质量改进项目。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12476
Shanon G. McLeay DNP, PMHNP-BC, RN, Therese Mathews PhD, PMHNP-BC,  Leeza Struwe PhD, MSN, RN

Background

According to the 2020−2021 National Survey of Children's Health, 23.3% of children and adolescents met criteria for one or more mental, emotional, developmental, or behavioral problems. However, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post traumatic stress disorder have risen dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an increase in suicidal ideations, completed suicides, and pediatric psychiatric hospitalizations. There is a critical need for high quality mental healthcare treatments, including psychoeducation. Inpatient psychiatric nurses are well positioned to lead psychoeducation groups, but few receive training.

Local Problem

Nurses at a designated inpatient pediatric psychiatric unit expressed discomfort in facilitating psychoeducation groups.

Methods

This is a one-group prepost and follow-up quality improvement study designed to improve the quality of psychoeducation group facilitation skills provided by nurses at a child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit. A convenience sample of nurses (N = 16) participated. Baseline (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3) data were collected regarding nurses' self-efficacy, evidence based-practice attitudes, and knowledge of psychoeducation group facilitation.

Interventions

Nurses received 45 min of psychoeducation group facilitation education and 15 min of skills simulation.

Results

The nurses' knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward evidence-based practice when facilitating psychoeducation groups increased significantly from the baseline to the post-test, which was sustained from the post-test to the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate the importance of supporting nurses in their role of psychoeducation group facilitation through education and program structure. Further research is needed to assess longer term sustainability and efficacy in leading psychoeducation groups.

背景:根据 2020-2021 年全国儿童健康调查,23.3% 的儿童和青少年符合一种或多种精神、情绪、发育或行为问题的标准。然而,自 COVID-19 大流行以来,抑郁症、焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍的发病率急剧上升,导致自杀意念、完成自杀和儿科精神病住院人数增加。我们迫切需要高质量的心理保健治疗,包括心理教育。住院精神科护士完全有能力领导心理教育小组,但接受过培训的护士却寥寥无几。当地问题:一家指定的儿科精神科住院病房的护士表示不习惯主持心理教育小组:方法:这是一项单组前后期和后续质量改进研究,旨在提高儿童和青少年精神科住院病房护士主持心理教育小组的技能质量。参与研究的护士(N = 16)均为方便抽样。我们收集了基线(T1)、后测试(T2)和随访(T3)数据,内容涉及护士的自我效能感、循证实践态度和心理教育小组协助知识:干预措施:护士接受 45 分钟的心理教育小组促进教育和 15 分钟的技能模拟:结果:从基线到后测,护士在促进心理教育小组时对循证实践的知识、自我效能感和态度都有了显著提高,这种提高在后测到随访期间一直持续:研究结果表明,通过教育和项目结构支持护士在心理教育小组中发挥促进作用非常重要。需要进一步开展研究,以评估领导心理教育小组的长期可持续性和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Celebrating equality, diversity, and inclusion in child and adolescent psychiatric nursing: Value of welcoming environment 在儿童和青少年精神科护理工作中弘扬平等、多样性和包容性:欢迎环境的价值。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12475
Yeter Sinem Üzar-Özçetin RN, MSc, PhD
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引用次数: 0
Late-night eating and inactivity: Links to depression and suicide risk in adolescents living in Turkey 深夜进食和缺乏活动:生活在土耳其的青少年抑郁和自杀风险的关联。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12474
Suat Tuncay RN, PhD, Abdullah Sarman

Objective

Depression, anxiety, and eating disorders are all common during adolescence. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between eating at night, physical activity, and depression/suicide risk in adolescents.

Methods

This study followed a cross-sectional descriptive design and involved collecting data from adolescents aged 13–18 years who attend four different high schools. The data collection was done through an online survey using Google Forms. Sociodemographic form, eating at night questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form), Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, and Suicide Probability Scale were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed electronically using descriptive statistics and correlation tests to examine relationships between different parameters.

Results

The study revealed significant associations between academic achievement, daily sleep duration, and daily walking distance with depression and suicide probability (p < 0.05) among the participants. Adolescents who consumed food after 10 pm exhibited higher depression and suicide probability scores than their counterparts (p < 0.05). Additionally, an analysis of physical activity levels demonstrated that highly active adolescents had lower depression and suicide probability scores.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a significant relationship between eating at night, physical activity, and depression/suicide risk in adolescents. Specifically, academic success, daily sleep duration, daily walking distance, and eating habits were found to be associated with depression and suicide probability. Encouraging physical activity and healthy eating habits, particularly avoiding eating late at night, may be beneficial in reducing the risk of depression and suicide among adolescents.

目的抑郁、焦虑和饮食失调都是青少年时期的常见病。本研究旨在调查青少年夜间进食、体育锻炼与抑郁/自杀风险之间的潜在关系:本研究采用横断面描述性设计,从就读于四所不同高中的 13-18 岁青少年中收集数据。数据收集是通过谷歌表格在线调查完成的。数据收集使用了社会人口调查表、夜间进食调查表、国际体育活动调查表(简表)、雷诺青少年抑郁量表和自杀可能性量表。使用描述性统计和相关检验对收集到的数据进行电子分析,以研究不同参数之间的关系:研究结果表明,学习成绩、每日睡眠时间和每日步行距离与抑郁和自杀概率之间存在明显的相关性(p 结论:研究结果表明,学习成绩、每日睡眠时间和每日步行距离与抑郁和自杀概率之间存在明显的相关性:总之,本研究表明,青少年夜间进食、体育锻炼与抑郁/自杀风险之间存在显著关系。具体而言,研究发现学业成就、每日睡眠时间、每日步行距离和饮食习惯与抑郁和自杀几率有关。鼓励体育锻炼和健康的饮食习惯,尤其是避免深夜进食,可能有利于降低青少年抑郁和自杀的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the relationship between depression and suicide in young adolescents 确定青少年抑郁与自杀之间的关系。
IF 1.6 Q2 NURSING Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12473
Suat Tuncay, Abdullah Sarman

Objective

This study was designed to explore the relationships between depression, and the likelihood of suicide among young adolescents by considering various factors.

Design and Samples

It was conducted in a descriptive-cross-sectional format, with fieldwork spanning from November 16, 2022, to June 30, 2023. The study assessed the likelihood of depression, and suicide in young adolescents attending a university in Eastern Turkey.

Measurements

Sociodemographic features survey form, Beck's Depression Inventory and Suicide Probability Scale were used to collect data.

Results

The results from this investigation indicated that women, individuals with chronic illnesses, those with a history of psychiatric conditions, those expressing a constant desire to die, those with suicidal thoughts or plans, and those with a family member who had attempted suicide exhibited significantly higher mean scores for depression and suicide. There was a positive correlation between high depression scores and suicidal tendencies. However, no conclusive evidence of a link between depression, and suicide was established.

Conclusions

In this study, certain demographic and psychological factors were identified as correlating with elevated levels of depression and suicidal tendencies among young adolescents. It is imperative that individuals identified as being at risk be promptly referred to appropriate units for comprehensive interventions and support.

研究目的本研究旨在通过考虑各种因素,探讨抑郁症与青少年自杀可能性之间的关系:研究以描述性横断面形式进行,实地调查时间跨度为 2022 年 11 月 16 日至 2023 年 6 月 30 日。研究评估了在土耳其东部一所大学就读的青少年患抑郁症和自杀的可能性:采用社会人口特征调查表、贝克抑郁量表和自杀可能性量表收集数据:调查结果表明,女性、慢性病患者、有精神病史者、经常表达死亡愿望者、有自杀想法或计划者以及有家庭成员自杀未遂者在抑郁和自杀方面的平均得分明显较高。抑郁得分高与自杀倾向之间存在正相关。然而,没有确凿证据表明抑郁与自杀之间存在联系:本研究发现,某些人口和心理因素与青少年抑郁和自杀倾向的升高有关。当务之急是将发现的高危人群及时转介到合适的机构,接受全面的干预和支持。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing
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