Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing最新文献

Problem

The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging for adolescents. Indeed, with the closure of schools and social centers and reduction of extracurricular activities, increased social isolation has compounded difficulties in and with school performance, loneliness, and social networking. Increased risk of mental health problems, substance abuse, affective disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide has been reported in adolescents.

Methods

This cross-sectional study assesses the association between loneliness, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, the use of social networks, and school achievement in a sample of Italian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also explores emotional dysregulation through the association between affective disorders (depression and anxiety), substance use, and social networks. The sample comprises adolescents in the first and second grades of high school during the pandemic; participants received an email explaining the purpose of the e-research. Data were collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, and the Loneliness Scale.

Findings

A total of 505 adolescents completed the web survey. Data revealed that students experienced difficulties with loneliness, problems with school achievement, and extracurricular activities. The mean scores for depression and anxiety were close to the borderline range. A total of 14.3% of adolescents intentionally harmed themselves or attempted suicide.

Conclusions

This study raises concerns about the impacts of the pandemic on adolescents that require the attention of adult reference figures who deal with adolescents, such as parents, teachers, and healthcare professionals. Results indicate the necessity of providing early interventions aimed at the prevention of psychopathologies and the promotion of adolescent mental health due to the pandemic.

Background

Basic psychological needs are universal sources of mental growth and development.

Purpose

This study investigated the relationship between basic psychological needs and emotional and behavioral problems in middle school students.

Methodology

This study adopted a cross-sectional and correlational research design. The sample consisted of 1099 students from three middle schools with different socioeconomic backgrounds. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS). The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

A one-unit increase in autonomy, competence, and relatedness led to a 0.312, 0.263, and 0.312 decrease in emotional and behavioral problems, respectively (p < 0.05). The regression analysis showed that gender (female), academic performance (poor), mother's parenting style (authoritarian), and father's parenting style (permissive) were the risk factors affecting participants' emotional and behavioral problems (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that some basic psychological needs and sociodemographic characteristics make middle school students more likely to develop emotional and behavioral problems. Authorities should develop interventions on basic psychological needs to promote emotional and behavioral development. Researchers should assess the effectiveness of those interventions.

Background

Adoption is a multidimensional concept affected by cultural and social factors. On the other hand, the number of adoptees has recently increased indicating the need to pay more attention to this issue. However, no clear definition of this concept has been provided so far.

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze the concept of adoption.

Methods

The present study was an analysis using a hybrid model in three phases. During the theoretical phase, using the keyword “adoption,” pertinent articles published between 2010 and 2022 were searched. In the field work phase, eight adoptive parents as the participants were interviewed and the data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method. In the final analysis phase, a general analysis of the two previous phases was performed and a final definition was presented.

Results

Adoption is one of the ways of having children that helps infertile couples to experience parental pleasure. If adoption is done wisely based on the abilities of parents, it can provide the best care setting for the child's growth leading to the consolidation of the family and a purposeful life. In adoption, all of the rights and responsibilities of the child are transferred from the biological parents to the adoptive parents, which is affected by religious and cultural beliefs.

Conclusion

The analysis of the concept of adoption provided a good basis for identifying the various dimensions of adoption and its challenges. The parents need to pay attention to all dimensions of adoption before selecting this path. It also provided a good platform for future research in the field of adoption.

Purpose

This study was carried out to determine the effect of high school students' perception of risk of COVID-19, wearing masks and social distance behavior on stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

This descriptive study was performed on 1034 participants between the ages of 15 and 18 between June 21 and July 2, 2021. “Descriptive Questionnaire,” “COVID-19 Risk Perception Form,” “Mask Wear Behavior Form,” “Social Distance Behavior Form,” and “Perceived Stress Scale” were used in data collection.

Results

It was determined that 81.4% of the students used disposable medical masks, and 50.6% of them used the mask they wore for one day. In the characteristics of the risk perception of COVID-19, 31% have a risk perception, 45% are afraid to contact people returning from abroad, 58.8% avoid going to crowded places, 66.8% are afraid of contacting people with flu symptoms. It was found that they always kept sufficient distance while communicating with others. As a result of the multiple regression, it was determined that gender, mask type, mask usage frequency, risk perception, social distance behavior, and mask-wearing behavior had a statistically significant effect on the perceived stress level (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

These results provide theoretical inferences for public health policies targeting the high school students to develop accurate risk perception and protective behaviors.

Purpose

This research was conducted to determine the relationship of the COVID-19 pandemic with the emotional and behavioral problems of children.

Method

In this study, carried out using the descriptive survey model, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used with 205 mothers.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the emotional and behavioral problems of children according to their mother's working status, having COVID-19 in the family, and being in contact. According to mothers' perceptions, the level of emotional and behavioral problems differed before and after the pandemic.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that the pandemic and related factors have an effect on children's emotional and behavioral problems.

Purpose

Based on eight research criteria, this study examines the feasibility of a 5-week Family Strength-Oriented Therapeutic Conversation (FAM-SOTC) for caregivers of adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); this intervention aims to improve outcomes of both caregivers and adolescents.

Design and Methods

The FAM-SOTC intervention was implemented at an adolescent psychiatric outpatient unit with 10 caregivers of 10 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. The feasibility criteria were addressed through survey responses, diary reports, and a one-group pre- and posttest quasi-experimental design.

Findings

The assessment of eight feasibility criteria showed promising results for the further evaluation of the intervention.

Practical Implications

This feasibility study has produced promising results, which represent a step toward a more extensive study, designed to evaluate a protocol that may offer educational and supportive programs for families of adolescents with ADHD, enhancing their self-management behavior. Further studies are warranted to test the FAM-SOTC intervention using a larger sample.

Purpose

To systematically assess the main sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents.

Methodology

All studies related to adolescents’ weight perception were retrieved from seven databases from January 2001 to July 2022. A total of 13 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords were used to identify qualified studies, and reference lists included in the retrieved studies were manually searched to identify potentially relevant publications. Two evaluators independently assessed the eligibility and extracted data of each study. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) risk of bias evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality and bias risk of included studies. RevMan (version: 5.3) software was used to conduct heterogeneity test and meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 12 studies, published between 2003 and 2020, were selected and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, consisting of 325,367 adolescents from five countries. The risk of bias evaluation indicated that risk of bias was low in five studies and moderate in seven studies. The results of meta-analysis showed that there were no differences in the weight perception accuracy among adolescents under different gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–1.15, p = 0.940), place of residence (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83–1.16, p = 0.800), grade (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.68–4.42, p = 0.250), and family economic level (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.02, p = 0.140). Egger's linear regression showed that there was no significant publication bias in the primary analysis.

Conclusions

The current analysis indicates that gender, place of residence, grade, and family economic level were not identified as influencing factors for adolescents' weight perception accuracy. Due to the limitations of the review and included studies, more robust trials are warranted in different social and economic environments to confirm our findings.

Topic

Public health measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted children and adolescents' (C&A) lives, affecting their sense of structure, predictability, and security.

Purpose

To examine C&A' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand how this context and its associated public health measures affected them and their mental health, and to identify helpful coping strategies.

Sources used

The study was guided by a participatory hermeneutic framework. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 C&A aged 6–17 years during the first and second pandemic waves. Participants' interviews were analyzed following a narrative synthesis approach, through which C&A' experiences were contrasted and contextualized to highlight relevant themes.

Conclusions

Participants described a distinct pattern related to their mental health as the pandemic unfolded, which followed the severity of the pandemic in the province. Negative repercussions on their mental health were linked to the loss of social activities, imposed public health measures, transition to online learning, and challenges with family relationships. Certain youth shared positive societal and moral reflections triggered by the pandemic context. Coping strategies reported include: having a variety of hobbies; expressing their emotions; and accessing financial and material resources.

This study highlights the importance of supporting C&A' mental health during crisis situations such as a pandemic. Their perspectives are vital for clinical practice and policy improvement, particularly to find means for social engagement while maintaining safety.

Problem

The use of drugs by street children and adolescents is a problem found in most large cities around the world.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of street children and adolescents living in shelters in the Federal District, Brazil. An objective questionnaire was applied to 84 individuals from September 2016 to October 2017; 14 of them participated in the qualitative study.

Findings

Most participants were adolescents (84.5%) and males (64.3%), with a history of abandonment, domestic violence, and family drug abuse. All spent some time on the street; boys had a higher chance of being behind the school level and using drugs than girls. Over 60% had used drugs in the previous year, mainly alcohol and marijuana. Over 70% understand the health consequences of this behavior, but most have never tried or failed to stop. About 40% consider themselves dependent on drugs.

Conclusions

The results showed that street-life experience, peer pressure, and exposure to drugs within the family had an important impact on respondent's drug use behavior, reinforcing the importance of education programs that focus on the family.