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Learning to teach as a two-sided endeavor: mentors’ perceptions of paired practicum in initial teacher education 学习教学是一种双向努力:导师对初级教师教育中结对实习的看法
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1978967
Sandra Jederud, Johannes Rytzler, P. Lindqvist
ABSTRACT In this article, mentors’ perceptions of paired practicum in initial teacher education in Sweden are studied. Taking the mentors’ perspective, we describe the potentials and the pitfalls of paired practicum. The pros and cons of the model are analyzed from a perspective of learning the vocation of teaching as a two-sided endeavor. Inspired by a modified Aristotelian perspective, we use the terms participant knowledge and spectator knowledge to conceptualize the learning of two different forms of knowledge. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews with five mentors and analyzed using an abductive process. The analysis reveals that paired practicum facilitates a potential for learning mainly a distanced and propositional spectator knowledge while the learning of a contextual and practical participant knowledge seems to be obstructed. For instance, paired practicum seems to prolong the peripheral position of the students and their opportunities to gain participatory knowledge. Results also show that there is a discrepancy between the pedagogical intentions of paired practicum and the concrete possibilities for realizing these in practice. The limitations of the paired practicum model, and how these can be overcome, both at individual and organizational level, are highlighted.
摘要本文研究了瑞典初级教师教育中导师对结对实习的看法。从导师的角度,我们描述了配对实习的潜力和陷阱。从学习教学职业是一种双向努力的角度分析了该模式的利弊。受改良亚里士多德观点的启发,我们使用术语参与者知识和旁观者知识概念化两种不同形式的知识的学习。通过对五位导师的访谈收集定性数据,并使用溯因过程进行分析。分析表明,配对实习促进了主要学习远距离和命题性的旁观者知识的潜力,而情境性和实践性的参与者知识的学习似乎受到阻碍。例如,结对实习似乎延长了学生的外围位置和他们获得参与性知识的机会。结果还表明,结对实习的教学意图与在实践中实现这些意图的具体可能性之间存在差异。强调了配对实习模式的局限性,以及如何在个人和组织层面克服这些局限性。
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引用次数: 1
A year at the improv: the evolution of teacher and student identity in an elementary school makerspace 即兴表演一年:小学创客空间中教师和学生身份的演变
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1978968
Sandra Becker, M. Jacobsen
ABSTRACT This article presents findings from a design-based research study that investigated curriculum implementation in a makerspace with a grade six teacher and her class over the course of one year. In comparing the figured worlds of classroom and makerspace, the authors explore through the examples of three students and the teacher how they each adopted personal improvisations from the makerspace into the culture of the classroom, leading to developments in agency and identity on the part of all. In particular, by engaging in collaborative design-based research, the teacher was able to embrace the iterative, collaborative, risk-taking nature of maker culture, which led her to rethink and transform her teaching practice. Findings suggest that the makerspace serves as a specialized learning environment in which teachers can prototype inquiry-based approaches to curricular learning.
摘要本文介绍了一项基于设计的研究结果,该研究对一名六年级教师及其班级在一年的时间里在创客空间中的课程实施进行了调查。在比较课堂和创客空间的想象世界时,作者通过三名学生和老师的例子探讨了他们如何将个人即兴创作从创客空间融入课堂文化,从而促进所有人的能动性和身份认同。特别是,通过参与基于协同设计的研究,老师能够接受创客文化的迭代、协作和冒险性质,这使她重新思考和转变了她的教学实践。研究结果表明,创客空间是一个专门的学习环境,教师可以在其中原型化基于探究的课程学习方法。
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引用次数: 2
Why to become a teacher in Iran: a FIT-choice study 为什么要在伊朗成为一名教师:一项fit选择研究
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1960963
Ahmadreza Eghtesadi Roudi
ABSTRACT Teaching motivations have recently received wide research attention. The FIT-Choice model (Factors Influencing Teaching Choice) comprising different motivations and perceptions of teaching has been used in different countries to research teaching motivations. In this study, using a valid Persian language version of the FIT-Choice scale, motivations, and perceptions of the teaching of 527 Iranian student teachers were studied. Results showed that some sub-constructs of the FIT-choice model changed or merged with the Iranian sample. The sacredness of the teaching job, which was added to the scale as a separate motivation, did not form a new kind of motivation and was merged with social contribution motivation. In the new structure, social/spiritual function and ability-intrinsic value were the highest motivations, while time for family, and fallback career were the lowest motivations. Moreover, although student teachers viewed teaching as a difficult, poorly-paid job that requires expertise, they were satisfied with their choice of teaching. Results also showed that male and female, science and non-science, and undergraduate and graduate teacher education candidates had different motivations and perceptions.
摘要教学动机近年来受到了广泛的研究关注。FIT Choice模型(影响教学选择的因素)包含了不同的教学动机和对教学的看法,已在不同国家被用于研究教学动机。在本研究中,使用有效的波斯语版本的FIT Choice量表,研究了527名伊朗学生教师的教学动机和认知。结果表明,FIT选择模型的一些子结构与伊朗样本发生了变化或合并。教师工作的神圣性作为一种单独的动机被添加到量表中,但并没有形成一种新的动机,而是与社会贡献动机相融合。在新的结构中,社会/精神功能和能力内在价值是最高的动机,而家庭时间和后备职业是最低的动机。此外,尽管实习教师认为教学是一项困难、报酬低、需要专业知识的工作,但他们对自己的教学选择感到满意。研究结果还表明,男性和女性、科学和非科学、本科生和研究生教师教育候选人有不同的动机和看法。
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引用次数: 2
‘Models of possible selves: teachers’ reflections on childhood memories of parents’ “可能自我的模型:教师对父母童年记忆的反思”
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1948989
Sandra Chang-Kredl, Julie C. Garlen, D. Sonu, Lisa Farley
ABSTRACT This study draws from theories of attachment to examine prospective teachers’ reflections on the role of the parent in their childhood memories in shaping the imagination of their future selves. As part of a larger qualitative study, we collected and analyzed the memory narratives of teacher candidates and undergraduate students preparing to work with children, and selected 53 of the 116 narratives that featured parents. These memories demonstrate three ways in which parents figured into the participants’memories and reflections on their motivations to work with children: 1) as supportive role models, 2) as catalysts of sympathy for children whom teachers imagine as lacking the privileges their own parents provided, and 3) as spurs for empathy towards children whom they identify with as experiencing challenging situations. In each case, the participant created an internal working model of the child-adult relationship in their memory and imagined themselves taking up a parallel role as the adult in a future child-adult relationship. As teacher educators concerned with the identity work of preservice teachers, our findings highlight the importance of critically exploring childhood memories of parents as models for the teacher-child relationship.
摘要本研究借鉴依恋理论,考察未来教师对父母在童年记忆中塑造未来自我想象的作用的思考。作为一项更大规模的定性研究的一部分,我们收集并分析了教师候选人和准备与孩子一起工作的本科生的记忆叙事,并在116种以父母为主角的叙事中选择了53种。这些记忆展示了父母以三种方式融入参与者的记忆,并反思他们与孩子一起工作的动机:1)作为支持性的榜样,2)作为同情孩子的催化剂,老师认为孩子缺乏父母提供的特权,以及3)激发对他们认为正在经历挑战性处境的儿童的同理心。在每一种情况下,参与者都在记忆中创建了一个儿童-成年人关系的内部工作模型,并想象自己在未来的儿童-成人关系中扮演成人的平行角色。作为关注职前教师身份工作的教师教育工作者,我们的研究结果强调了批判性探索父母童年记忆作为师生关系模型的重要性。
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引用次数: 6
Interrupting practice traditions: using readers’ theatre to show the impact of a nationally mandated assessment task on initial teacher educators’ work 打破实践传统:利用读者的戏剧来展示国家强制评估任务对初级教师教育工作者工作的影响
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1951198
R. Keamy, Mark Selkrig
ABSTRACT The mandated introduction of a teaching performance assessment (TPA) into initial teacher education programs in Australia is one of the numerous and continual reforms that have impacted those who work in the field. The Assessment for Graduate Teaching (AfGT) is an approved TPA developed by a national consortium of higher education institutions to determine the ‘classroom readiness’ of graduating teachers. Surveys and focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholder groups to explore their experiences of trialling and implementing the AfGT. Initial teacher educators identified several aspects related to implementation that had impacted the ways they work, which included experiencing an increased workload. A semi-fictionalised narrative in the form of a readers’ theatre script was developed to weave initial teacher educators’ accounts together in an anonymised yet believable fashion for presentation at a research conference. The resultant script provides illustrations of the changing and complex nature of teacher educators’ work because of the introduction of the AfGT, and when considered through the theory of practice architectures, it becomes evident that practice traditions are also interrupted.
摘要在澳大利亚的初级教师教育项目中强制引入教学绩效评估(TPA)是影响该领域工作人员的众多持续改革之一。研究生教学评估(AfGT)是一项经批准的TPA,由国家高等教育机构联盟制定,旨在确定毕业教师的“课堂准备情况”。与利益相关者团体进行了调查和焦点小组讨论,以探索他们在试验和实施AfGT方面的经验。最初的教师教育工作者确定了与实施相关的几个方面,这些方面影响了他们的工作方式,其中包括工作量增加。开发了一种读者戏剧剧本形式的半虚构叙事,以匿名但可信的方式将最初的教师教育工作者的叙述编织在一起,在研究会议上发表。由此产生的脚本说明了由于AfGT的引入,教师教育工作者工作的变化和复杂性质,当通过实践架构的理论来考虑时,实践传统显然也被打断了。
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引用次数: 1
Disrupting their frame of reference: teacher candidates in alternative education settings 扰乱他们的参考框架:另类教育环境中的教师候选人
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1948990
Lesley N. Siegel, Kristina M. Valtierra
ABSTRACT Despite a growing population of students being served in Alternative Education Settings (AES) and a severe teacher shortage in AES, most traditional teacher preparation programs do not specifically address teaching in alternative settings. Unsurprisingly, teachers in these settings report being inadequately prepared to meet the complex needs of students with significant behavioral challenges. Moreover, when behaviorally challenged students exit AES, they are often at a greater social and academic disadvantage than when they enrolled. This grounded theory study followed three groups (N = 40) of teacher candidates as they completed fieldwork in one of five AES as part of a special education course at a large public university in South-eastern Pennsylvania. Analysis of teacher candidates' field journals suggested an emerging theory of ‘alternative education settings as non-schools.’ For these teacher candidates, familiar structures for teaching, learning, and behaviour did not apply in AES, thus delegitimizing AES as schools.
摘要尽管越来越多的学生在替代教育环境中接受服务,而且替代教育环境的教师严重短缺,但大多数传统的教师准备计划并没有专门针对替代教育环境下的教学。不出所料,这些环境中的教师报告说,他们没有做好充分准备来满足有重大行为挑战的学生的复杂需求。此外,当行为障碍学生退出AES时,他们往往比入学时处于更大的社会和学术劣势。这项基础理论研究跟踪了三组(N=40)教师候选人,他们在宾夕法尼亚州东南部一所大型公立大学的特殊教育课程中完成了五个AES中的一个的实地调查。对教师候选人领域期刊的分析表明,一种新兴的“非学校替代教育环境”理论正在兴起对于这些教师候选人来说,熟悉的教学、学习和行为结构不适用于AES,从而剥夺了AES作为学校的合法性。
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引用次数: 0
Internationalization and CAEP accreditation: replicating US teacher education programs abroad 国际化和CAEP认证:将美国教师教育项目复制到国外
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1948991
M. Romanowski
ABSTRACT The Internationalization of Higher Education has led to uneasiness among non-US universities about their international reputation, ranking, and local legitimacy generating a growing interest in US accreditation. Specifically, non-US Colleges of Education pursue accreditation through the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) to validate program quality, obtain positive recognition, and gain perceived benefits. This essay contends that under the facades of internationalization and quality assurance, CAEP uses four approaches to internationalization to replicate US teacher education programs outside US borders. The process legitimizes particular educational practices while simultaneously delegitimizing and rejecting local practices establishing teacher education programs that look and perform similar to US programs designed for an American setting. Discussion is provided that advances the conversation about IHE and accreditation including the unique consequences that emerge for non-US teacher education programs and the indigenous people and culture.
摘要:高等教育的国际化导致非美国大学对其国际声誉、排名和当地合法性感到不安,从而对美国认证产生了越来越大的兴趣。具体而言,非美国教育学院通过教育工作者准备认证委员会(CAEP)进行认证,以验证课程质量,获得积极认可,并获得感知利益。本文认为,在国际化和质量保证的表象下,CAEP采用四种国际化方法在美国境外复制美国教师教育项目。这一过程使特定的教育实践合法化,同时剥夺和拒绝当地建立教师教育项目的合法性,这些项目看起来和表现类似于为美国环境设计的美国项目。提供了讨论,促进了关于IHE和认证的对话,包括对非美国教师教育项目以及土著人民和文化产生的独特影响。
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引用次数: 2
The practicum-mentor identity in the teacher education context 教师教育背景下的实习导师身份
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1920910
A. Badia, A. Clarke
ABSTRACT This study describes the practicum-mentors’ identity in a teacher education context based on Dialogical Self Theory (DST) and the related ‘position’ and ‘I-position’ concepts. Participants were 48 Spanish and Canadian primary and secondary teachers who participated via an online written survey. The data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative procedures. Findings show a comprehensive description of nine types of positions and twenty types of I-positions. Based on these categories, three clusters of practicum-mentors, which represent three different ways of being a mentor, were identified: (1) a collaborative partner focused on student-teacher (ST) professional development, including the design, and teaching of ST skills acquisition; (2) a collaborative partner focused on design, teaching, and assessment of ST skills acquisition, and (3) a coaching partner focused on teaching and individualised ST learning. The findings can promote closer collaboration between universities and schools concerning the design of more relevant professional development for mentors based on the three identified ways of being a mentor.
本研究基于对话自我理论(DST)及其相关的“位置”和“我-位置”概念,描述了教师教育情境下的实习导师身份。参与者是48名西班牙和加拿大的中小学教师,他们通过在线书面调查参与了调查。采用定性和定量方法对数据进行分析。结果显示了9种类型的位置和20种类型的i -position的综合描述。基于这些分类,我们确定了三组实习导师,它们代表了三种不同的导师方式:(1)专注于学生教师(ST)专业发展的合作伙伴,包括ST技能习得的设计和教学;(2)合作伙伴专注于科技技能习得的设计、教学和评估,以及(3)教练合作伙伴专注于教学和个性化科技学习。研究结果可以促进大学和学校之间更密切的合作,根据确定的三种导师方式,为导师设计更相关的专业发展。
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引用次数: 2
The role of structure and interaction in teachers’ decision making during allocation meetings 结构和互动在教师分配会议决策中的作用
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2021.1909557
Janneke P. W. Sleenhof, M. Thurlings, M. Koopman, D. Beijaard
ABSTRACT This study focuses on teachers’ group decision making during Dutch allocation meetings. A previous interview study showed that teachers question the objectivity of decisions due to negative interaction experiences and a lack of structure during these meetings. To characterize the structure and interaction of these meetings, 33 student allocations were observed. Results showed a variety of structures and interactions, including differences in the degree to which the meetings met criteria relevant to achieving objective allocation decisions. It can be concluded that – based on the criteria of acceptance, fairness, and transparency as used in this study – allocation meetings need to be well-prepared and substantiated, to allow for every teacher’s opinion to be heard, and follow a procedure that is clear to everyone. In view of students’ future school careers, it is important to pay close attention to functional interaction and structured discussions that ensure transparent, acceptable and fair decision-making.
摘要本研究的重点是教师在荷兰分配会议期间的集体决策。之前的一项访谈研究表明,由于消极的互动经历和这些会议缺乏结构,教师们质疑决策的客观性。为了描述这些会议的结构和互动,观察了33名学生的分配情况。结果显示了各种结构和互动,包括会议在多大程度上符合与实现目标分配决定相关的标准。可以得出的结论是,基于本研究中使用的接受、公平和透明标准,分配会议需要做好充分准备并得到证实,让每个教师的意见都能被听到,并遵循每个人都清楚的程序。考虑到学生未来的学校职业生涯,密切关注功能互动和结构化讨论非常重要,以确保决策透明、可接受和公平。
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引用次数: 1
The regulatory effects of high-stakes accountability in preservice teacher evaluation 高风险问责制在职前教师评价中的调节作用
IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2019.1685485
Meghan A. Kessler
ABSTRACT This article examines teacher candidates’ perceptions of two performance-based evaluation tools during the student teaching semester (edTPA, Danielson Framework). In particular, I sought to understand how teacher candidates perceived the role of both tools in the teacher education landscape and the extent to which they perceived the tools to be supportive of or distracting from their learning and student teaching experience. The findings from this study suggest that, while distinct in construction, function, and application, the edTPA and Danielson Framework both carry the potential to distract from a student teaching experience. This potential is activated when candidates perceive the tool’s purpose to primarily be to measure, score, or rank their teaching. Furthermore, I argue that a measurement-focused approach to teacher evaluation, particularly at the preservice level, can have regulatory effects, diminishing the educative capacity of such tools.
摘要本文考察了教师候选人在学生教学学期中对两种基于绩效的评估工具(edTPA,Danielson Framework)的看法。特别是,我试图了解教师候选人是如何看待这两种工具在教师教育中的作用的,以及他们在多大程度上认为这些工具支持或分散了他们的学习和学生教学体验。这项研究的结果表明,尽管edTPA和Danielson框架在结构、功能和应用方面有所不同,但它们都有可能分散学生的教学体验。当考生认为该工具的目的主要是测量、评分或排名他们的教学时,这种潜力就会被激活。此外,我认为,以衡量为重点的教师评估方法,特别是职前评估方法,可能会产生监管效果,削弱这些工具的教育能力。
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引用次数: 1
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Teaching Education
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