Sajjad Narimani, S. Matin, V. Hosseini, Elham Zarehoseinzade, P. Motamedi
Background: Cancer patients have defects in their immune systems due to chemotherapy and corticosteroid therapy and are at risk of viral diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the risk perception and self-efficacy related to COVID-19 among cancer patients in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 cancer patients hospitalized in the oncology department of Ardabil Imam Khomeini Hospital in the summer of 2020, who were selected by simple random sampling. After obtaining informed consent, data was gathered using a questionnaire based on the extended parallel process model (EPPM) consisting of seven subscales, including perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, response efficacy, self-efficacy, intention, fear, and defensive motivation. The data were analyzed using linear regression by SPSS 18 and Stata 8. Results: Mean age of 200 cancer patients in this study was 52.35 ± 6.30 years. Among the constructs of EPPM, perceived susceptibility (coefficient = 0.23, P-value < 0.001) and perceived severity (coefficient = 0.160, P-value = 0.026) were significant predictors of self-efficacy, while response efficacy, intention, fear, and defensive motivation were not significant. In the regression model, R squared (R2) and adjusted R squared (adj-R2) were 0.182 and 0.180, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that perceived susceptibility and severity had significant roles in predicting self-efficacy. Therefore, it is proposed that according to the conditions of the cancer patients, health providers in oncology wards should provide the necessary information to enhance the risk perception regarding COVID-19 and promote self-efficacy to observe health protocols.
{"title":"Assessing the Self-efficacy and Risk Perception of COVID-19 Among Cancer Patients Admitted to a Hospital in Ardabil","authors":"Sajjad Narimani, S. Matin, V. Hosseini, Elham Zarehoseinzade, P. Motamedi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-118212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-118212","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer patients have defects in their immune systems due to chemotherapy and corticosteroid therapy and are at risk of viral diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the risk perception and self-efficacy related to COVID-19 among cancer patients in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 cancer patients hospitalized in the oncology department of Ardabil Imam Khomeini Hospital in the summer of 2020, who were selected by simple random sampling. After obtaining informed consent, data was gathered using a questionnaire based on the extended parallel process model (EPPM) consisting of seven subscales, including perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, response efficacy, self-efficacy, intention, fear, and defensive motivation. The data were analyzed using linear regression by SPSS 18 and Stata 8. Results: Mean age of 200 cancer patients in this study was 52.35 ± 6.30 years. Among the constructs of EPPM, perceived susceptibility (coefficient = 0.23, P-value < 0.001) and perceived severity (coefficient = 0.160, P-value = 0.026) were significant predictors of self-efficacy, while response efficacy, intention, fear, and defensive motivation were not significant. In the regression model, R squared (R2) and adjusted R squared (adj-R2) were 0.182 and 0.180, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that perceived susceptibility and severity had significant roles in predicting self-efficacy. Therefore, it is proposed that according to the conditions of the cancer patients, health providers in oncology wards should provide the necessary information to enhance the risk perception regarding COVID-19 and promote self-efficacy to observe health protocols.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44694688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sahraei, J. Shams, Razeyeh Eftekharzadeh, ali hosseinzadeh oskouei, S. Foroutan, A. Zahiroddin
Background: One of the most critical public health issues in psychiatric and medical concerns is methamphetamine (METH) dependence. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate caffeine (Rescuecaf) effectiveness in reducing craving and relapse prevention in METH dependence. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 15 participants in the experimental group received 4.5 mg/kg of caffeine (with an average daily dose of 300 mg for each participant for three months), and 15 patients with METH use disorder were treated with the placebo. Addiction severity was measured daily using the Addiction Intensity Index (ASI). The Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire (AWQ), Amphetamine Selective Severity Assessment (ASSA), and Drug Complications Questionnaire were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was carried out on weeks 1, 6, and 12 after the intervention and between caffeine- and placebo-treated patients based on repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) at the 95% confidence interval. Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and placebo groups in METH-dependency and deprivation symptoms. In addition, in the experimental group, there was a significant difference between weeks 1, 6, and 12 (P > 0.05), but no significant difference was found between weeks 6 and 12. No significant side effects were seen during caffeine consumption during the second, fourth, and sixth weeks. Conclusions: Caffeine is an efficient, new drug capable of managing amphetamine withdrawal syndrome.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Caffeine (Rescuecaf) in Craving Reduction and Relapse Prevention in Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"H. Sahraei, J. Shams, Razeyeh Eftekharzadeh, ali hosseinzadeh oskouei, S. Foroutan, A. Zahiroddin","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-124075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-124075","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most critical public health issues in psychiatric and medical concerns is methamphetamine (METH) dependence. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate caffeine (Rescuecaf) effectiveness in reducing craving and relapse prevention in METH dependence. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 15 participants in the experimental group received 4.5 mg/kg of caffeine (with an average daily dose of 300 mg for each participant for three months), and 15 patients with METH use disorder were treated with the placebo. Addiction severity was measured daily using the Addiction Intensity Index (ASI). The Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire (AWQ), Amphetamine Selective Severity Assessment (ASSA), and Drug Complications Questionnaire were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was carried out on weeks 1, 6, and 12 after the intervention and between caffeine- and placebo-treated patients based on repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) at the 95% confidence interval. Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and placebo groups in METH-dependency and deprivation symptoms. In addition, in the experimental group, there was a significant difference between weeks 1, 6, and 12 (P > 0.05), but no significant difference was found between weeks 6 and 12. No significant side effects were seen during caffeine consumption during the second, fourth, and sixth weeks. Conclusions: Caffeine is an efficient, new drug capable of managing amphetamine withdrawal syndrome.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47088583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Considering the time spent with family is essential for the growth and development of adolescents, the replacement of these times with using social media can raise questions. Objectives: This study addressed the question of whether there is a difference in family social capital between adolescents that are users and non-users of social media. Methods: Data were collected from 3600 adolescents aged 12 - 19 years in Isfahan, Iran, using a cross-sectional study design with stratified, 2-stage cluster sampling. Participants were recruited from schools and surveyed between January and March 2017. Family social capital was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire with adequate validity and reliability. The independent 2-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Games-Howell post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: More than 76% of the adolescents were social media users. Males reported higher membership rates compared to females. There was a meaningful difference between the mean scores in all dimensions of family social capital, including family interactions, family cohesion, family monitoring, and family conflicts (P < 0.001), and the non-user group scored better in these dimensions. There were gender-based differences between some dimensions of family social capital (P < 0.05). There were no statistically meaningful differences between the frequencies of users in the 3 socioeconomic classes of the study (P > 0.05). Some dimensions of family social capital, including family cohesion and family monitoring, were better in users from higher socioeconomic classes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate a difference in the family social capital between adolescents that are users and non-users of social media.
{"title":"Family Social Capital Among Adolescents that Are Users and Non-users of Social Media","authors":"Narjes Geraee, A. Eslami","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-83102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-83102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the time spent with family is essential for the growth and development of adolescents, the replacement of these times with using social media can raise questions. Objectives: This study addressed the question of whether there is a difference in family social capital between adolescents that are users and non-users of social media. Methods: Data were collected from 3600 adolescents aged 12 - 19 years in Isfahan, Iran, using a cross-sectional study design with stratified, 2-stage cluster sampling. Participants were recruited from schools and surveyed between January and March 2017. Family social capital was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire with adequate validity and reliability. The independent 2-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Games-Howell post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: More than 76% of the adolescents were social media users. Males reported higher membership rates compared to females. There was a meaningful difference between the mean scores in all dimensions of family social capital, including family interactions, family cohesion, family monitoring, and family conflicts (P < 0.001), and the non-user group scored better in these dimensions. There were gender-based differences between some dimensions of family social capital (P < 0.05). There were no statistically meaningful differences between the frequencies of users in the 3 socioeconomic classes of the study (P > 0.05). Some dimensions of family social capital, including family cohesion and family monitoring, were better in users from higher socioeconomic classes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate a difference in the family social capital between adolescents that are users and non-users of social media.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mohamadzadeh, N. Zanjari, A. Delbari, M. Foroughan, Hamed Tabesh
Background: Social communication is one of the important factors for older adults’ life satisfaction. However, the impact of intergenerational communication dimensions on it and the role of optimism toward aging in this correlation is unclear. Objectives: This study investigated the mediating role of optimism toward aging in the association between intergenerational communication and older adults’ life satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 550 older adults in Bojnord, Iran, who were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data were collected with the Optimism Toward Aging (OTA) scale, a single-item measure of life satisfaction, and the intergenerational communication scale with two dimensions, intergenerational accommodative communication (IAC) and intergenerational non-accommodative communication (INAC). Structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation was adopted in Amos 24.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 67.74 ± 7.18, and 240 people (43.6%) were men. The results revealed that IAC had no significant direct association with life satisfaction (LS) (β = 0.02, P > 0.05), but INAC had a significant negative direct association with it (β = -0.170, p < 0.001). Unlike IAC (β = 0.474, P < 0.001), INAC did not show direct associations with OTA (β = 0.002, P > 0.05). However, only IAC could indirectly affect the LS of older adults through the complete mediating effect of OTA (β = 0.145, CI = [0.100, 0.199], P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggested the positive effect of optimism toward aging on intergenerational accommodative communication and life satisfaction. Intergenerational non-accommodation exhibited a stronger direct association with life satisfaction in older adults than intergenerational accommodation. Thus, to enhance life satisfaction in older adults, it is necessary to give special attention to improving their communication with young people and promoting their optimism.
{"title":"Mediating Role of Optimism Toward Aging in the Relationship Between Intergenerational Communication and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults","authors":"M. Mohamadzadeh, N. Zanjari, A. Delbari, M. Foroughan, Hamed Tabesh","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-132436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-132436","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social communication is one of the important factors for older adults’ life satisfaction. However, the impact of intergenerational communication dimensions on it and the role of optimism toward aging in this correlation is unclear. Objectives: This study investigated the mediating role of optimism toward aging in the association between intergenerational communication and older adults’ life satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 550 older adults in Bojnord, Iran, who were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data were collected with the Optimism Toward Aging (OTA) scale, a single-item measure of life satisfaction, and the intergenerational communication scale with two dimensions, intergenerational accommodative communication (IAC) and intergenerational non-accommodative communication (INAC). Structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation was adopted in Amos 24.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 67.74 ± 7.18, and 240 people (43.6%) were men. The results revealed that IAC had no significant direct association with life satisfaction (LS) (β = 0.02, P > 0.05), but INAC had a significant negative direct association with it (β = -0.170, p < 0.001). Unlike IAC (β = 0.474, P < 0.001), INAC did not show direct associations with OTA (β = 0.002, P > 0.05). However, only IAC could indirectly affect the LS of older adults through the complete mediating effect of OTA (β = 0.145, CI = [0.100, 0.199], P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggested the positive effect of optimism toward aging on intergenerational accommodative communication and life satisfaction. Intergenerational non-accommodation exhibited a stronger direct association with life satisfaction in older adults than intergenerational accommodation. Thus, to enhance life satisfaction in older adults, it is necessary to give special attention to improving their communication with young people and promoting their optimism.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zamani, Mohtashm Ghaffari, Maryam Mohseny, S. Rakhshanderou
Background: Many medical students experience heavy occupational stress during their long education period. Occupational stress can be affected by several factors, including spiritual intelligence. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of occupational stress in medical interns during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of spiritual intelligence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 209 medical interns at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) in the autumn of 2020. Eligible medical students answered two online questionnaires: the Opisow occupational stress questionnaire and the King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 and EQS6.1 using structural equation modeling. Results: The mean occupational stress score and the mean spiritual intelligence score of the participants were 184.57 ± 23.57 and 50.44 ± 13.97, respectively. All the model fitness indices were in the acceptable range (CMIN/df = 2.3, RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.91, and CFI = 0.93); thus, the proposed model was confirmed. Spiritual intelligence was a factor affecting occupational stress (β = -0.45). Besides, all of the subscales of spiritual intelligence negatively affected occupational stress with the following effect sizes: transcendent awareness (β = -0.53), critical existential thinking (β = -0.43), production of personal meaning (β = -0.41), and consciousness state expansion (β = -0.27). Conclusions: According to the model fitness indices, it can be concluded that the proposed model was acceptable. All subscales of spiritual intelligence had a negative impact on occupational stress.
{"title":"The Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on Occupational Stress among Medical Interns during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Structural Equation ModelModel","authors":"A. Zamani, Mohtashm Ghaffari, Maryam Mohseny, S. Rakhshanderou","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-131368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-131368","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many medical students experience heavy occupational stress during their long education period. Occupational stress can be affected by several factors, including spiritual intelligence. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of occupational stress in medical interns during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of spiritual intelligence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 209 medical interns at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) in the autumn of 2020. Eligible medical students answered two online questionnaires: the Opisow occupational stress questionnaire and the King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 and EQS6.1 using structural equation modeling. Results: The mean occupational stress score and the mean spiritual intelligence score of the participants were 184.57 ± 23.57 and 50.44 ± 13.97, respectively. All the model fitness indices were in the acceptable range (CMIN/df = 2.3, RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.91, and CFI = 0.93); thus, the proposed model was confirmed. Spiritual intelligence was a factor affecting occupational stress (β = -0.45). Besides, all of the subscales of spiritual intelligence negatively affected occupational stress with the following effect sizes: transcendent awareness (β = -0.53), critical existential thinking (β = -0.43), production of personal meaning (β = -0.41), and consciousness state expansion (β = -0.27). Conclusions: According to the model fitness indices, it can be concluded that the proposed model was acceptable. All subscales of spiritual intelligence had a negative impact on occupational stress.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48880358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Several studies have shown that chloroquine can effectively diminish the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As such, other studies have also supported this statement, but the psychiatric side effects of chloroquine have not been taken into account. So, the current study aimed to briefly review and discuss the safety of chloroquine. Methods: A narrative literature search on databases was carried out on studies without time limitations. A combination of the two main keywords of “Chloroquine” and “Psychiatric Side Effects” was used to search databases. A manual search was performed to find the relevant articles, and finally, 15 studies were reviewed. Data were shown in the table and then summarized by narrative synthesis. Results: The literature review revealed the pharmaceutical characteristics of chloroquine, the safety of chloroquine, and the management of chloroquine's side effects. Also, the studies showed that chloroquine had psychiatric symptoms varying from insomnia to catatonia, toxic psychosis, and suicidal attempts, as well as behavioral manifestations, including most frequently extreme irritability, restlessness, abusiveness, distractibility, pressured speech, flight of ideas, grandiosity delusion, and auditory and visual hallucinations. Conclusions: Given the probability of a wide range of possible psychiatric symptoms following chloroquine, physicians should cautiously prescribe antiviral agents, and healthcare workers should also notice any psychiatric symptoms after administrating the chloroquine.
{"title":"The Ignored Psychiatric Aspect of Chloroquine in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Period: A Narrative Review Study","authors":"M. Kamali, M. Azizi, F. Elyasi","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-119013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-119013","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Several studies have shown that chloroquine can effectively diminish the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As such, other studies have also supported this statement, but the psychiatric side effects of chloroquine have not been taken into account. So, the current study aimed to briefly review and discuss the safety of chloroquine. Methods: A narrative literature search on databases was carried out on studies without time limitations. A combination of the two main keywords of “Chloroquine” and “Psychiatric Side Effects” was used to search databases. A manual search was performed to find the relevant articles, and finally, 15 studies were reviewed. Data were shown in the table and then summarized by narrative synthesis. Results: The literature review revealed the pharmaceutical characteristics of chloroquine, the safety of chloroquine, and the management of chloroquine's side effects. Also, the studies showed that chloroquine had psychiatric symptoms varying from insomnia to catatonia, toxic psychosis, and suicidal attempts, as well as behavioral manifestations, including most frequently extreme irritability, restlessness, abusiveness, distractibility, pressured speech, flight of ideas, grandiosity delusion, and auditory and visual hallucinations. Conclusions: Given the probability of a wide range of possible psychiatric symptoms following chloroquine, physicians should cautiously prescribe antiviral agents, and healthcare workers should also notice any psychiatric symptoms after administrating the chloroquine.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43279058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Increasing studies suggest that the microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a fundamental role in developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives: We aimed to explore biomarkers from gut bacteria in ASD and the dietary vitamin A (VitA) relationship with intestinal bacteria of autistic children and provide a theoretical basis for dietary regulation of ASD. Methods: Ten autistic children aged 2 to 6 from special training facilities were enrolled from 2017 to 2018. At the same time, 10 healthy children aged 2 to 6 from a kindergarten were collected as a control. All participants were from Chongqing, China. The 16sRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze children's intestinal bacteria. The serum retinol level was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and children's dietary intake was analyzed using three-day 24-hour dietary recalls. Results: There were significant differences in alpha diversity between the groups. Also, a higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, Prevotella 9, and Roseburia was observed among ASD children. We also found decreases in 9 bacteria (Enterobacteriales, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae 1, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium neonatale). Dietary VitA intake and serum retinol concentration were lower in the ASD group than in the control group. Meanwhile, serum VitA had a significantly negative correlation with the abundance of intestinal Prevotella 9. Conclusions: Our study helps identify some bacterial biomarkers for ASD, as in previous reports. Meanwhile, the study suggests that dietary VitA may be involved in the clinical symptoms of ASD by regulating the intestinal bacteria Prevotella. It may provide a new way to treat ASD in the future. Further studies are needed to identify the results by expanding the sample size and developing animal experiments.
{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder is Related to Increasing Intestinal Prevotella That Can Be Regulated by Vitamin A","authors":"Xiaoou Xu, Yun Zhang, Xiaojuan Zhang","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-126508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-126508","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increasing studies suggest that the microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a fundamental role in developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives: We aimed to explore biomarkers from gut bacteria in ASD and the dietary vitamin A (VitA) relationship with intestinal bacteria of autistic children and provide a theoretical basis for dietary regulation of ASD. Methods: Ten autistic children aged 2 to 6 from special training facilities were enrolled from 2017 to 2018. At the same time, 10 healthy children aged 2 to 6 from a kindergarten were collected as a control. All participants were from Chongqing, China. The 16sRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze children's intestinal bacteria. The serum retinol level was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and children's dietary intake was analyzed using three-day 24-hour dietary recalls. Results: There were significant differences in alpha diversity between the groups. Also, a higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, Prevotella 9, and Roseburia was observed among ASD children. We also found decreases in 9 bacteria (Enterobacteriales, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae 1, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium neonatale). Dietary VitA intake and serum retinol concentration were lower in the ASD group than in the control group. Meanwhile, serum VitA had a significantly negative correlation with the abundance of intestinal Prevotella 9. Conclusions: Our study helps identify some bacterial biomarkers for ASD, as in previous reports. Meanwhile, the study suggests that dietary VitA may be involved in the clinical symptoms of ASD by regulating the intestinal bacteria Prevotella. It may provide a new way to treat ASD in the future. Further studies are needed to identify the results by expanding the sample size and developing animal experiments.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41709758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mohammadsadeghi, Maryam Soleimannejad, Samira Ramazi, Mohammadreza Shalbafan, Mehrdad Eftekhar Ardebili, Gelareh Vahabzadeh, Nooshin Ahmadirad, F. Karimzadeh
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been considered a psychiatric disorder, the effective pharmacological treatments for which have not been well established. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of memantine (10 mg/day) in reducing BPD severity and cognitive impairment. Methods: The BPD patients diagnosed by psychologists were included and divided into the placebo (n = 19) and memantine (n = 20) groups. Included participants were randomized, double-blinded, and stabilized on the medication and psychotherapy for at least four weeks. The patients in the memantine group received oral memantine (10 mg/day) for four weeks. The severity of BPD was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire named Borderline Evaluation of Severity Over Time (BEST). Moreover, the Wisconsin test was carried out to assess executive function. Results: The mean score of the BEST test significantly decreased in week eight post-treatment in the memantine group. In addition, a significant decrease in this score was indicated in the memantine group compared to the placebo group in week eight. The mean total score of the BEST test was not significantly different before and after the placebo administration. There was no significant difference in the Wisconsin subscales, including the number of wrong answers and categories achieved after memantine or placebo administration. Perseverative errors rose after the administration of memantine. Adverse side effects did not occur in any of the participants. Conclusions: Our findings suggested the potential therapeutic effects of memantine for BPD. Furthermore, we found that a low dose of meantime might be preferable to prevent the side effects.
{"title":"Daily Oral Memantine Attenuated the Severity of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"H. Mohammadsadeghi, Maryam Soleimannejad, Samira Ramazi, Mohammadreza Shalbafan, Mehrdad Eftekhar Ardebili, Gelareh Vahabzadeh, Nooshin Ahmadirad, F. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-135503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-135503","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been considered a psychiatric disorder, the effective pharmacological treatments for which have not been well established. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of memantine (10 mg/day) in reducing BPD severity and cognitive impairment. Methods: The BPD patients diagnosed by psychologists were included and divided into the placebo (n = 19) and memantine (n = 20) groups. Included participants were randomized, double-blinded, and stabilized on the medication and psychotherapy for at least four weeks. The patients in the memantine group received oral memantine (10 mg/day) for four weeks. The severity of BPD was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire named Borderline Evaluation of Severity Over Time (BEST). Moreover, the Wisconsin test was carried out to assess executive function. Results: The mean score of the BEST test significantly decreased in week eight post-treatment in the memantine group. In addition, a significant decrease in this score was indicated in the memantine group compared to the placebo group in week eight. The mean total score of the BEST test was not significantly different before and after the placebo administration. There was no significant difference in the Wisconsin subscales, including the number of wrong answers and categories achieved after memantine or placebo administration. Perseverative errors rose after the administration of memantine. Adverse side effects did not occur in any of the participants. Conclusions: Our findings suggested the potential therapeutic effects of memantine for BPD. Furthermore, we found that a low dose of meantime might be preferable to prevent the side effects.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49526215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khalkhali, Bahareh Habibi, Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi, H. Farrahi, R. Zare, Parnian Khalkhali
Background: Psychiatric disorders frequently accompany comorbid conditions, which can have negative prognostic effects. The etiological and phenomenological distinctions between these conditions may have significant implications for their therapeutic approach and clinical course. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the symptomatic and therapeutic significance of comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included OCD patients referred to private and institutional psychiatric clinics in Rasht, Guilan, in 2021. All participants were divided into two groups: those with OCD and those with both OCD and GAD (OCD-GAD). The diagnoses were determined using structured clinical interviews that followed the DSM-5-research version (DSM-5-RV) criteria and included psychiatric histories. Patients were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety rating (HAM) scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of the 146 participants, 80 had only OCD, while 66 had both OCD and GAD. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in GAF scores throughout the treatment period (P < 0.0001); however, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of these improvements. The Y-BOCS score was significantly higher in the OCD group at baseline (P < 0.0001), and it decreased more during the first 3 months in the OCD-GAD group (P = 0.006). The severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to symmetry (P = 0.014), hoarding (P = 0.034), taboo thoughts (P = 0.023), and aggression (P = 0.002) was significantly higher in the group with OCD. Both HAM-A and Y-BOCS scores decreased over time, but HAM-A showed a greater decline at the first follow-up, while Y-BOCS showed a greater decline at the second follow-up. Conclusions: Considering our findings, OCD-GAD diagnosis is not a unique subcategory of current psychiatric disorders, and it is not necessarily beneficial to regard it as such. However, we found that the comorbidity of GAD did not harm the prognosis of patients with OCD. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the clinical significance of OCD-GAD comorbidity.
{"title":"Symptomatic and Therapeutic Significance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"M. Khalkhali, Bahareh Habibi, Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi, H. Farrahi, R. Zare, Parnian Khalkhali","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-131505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-131505","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychiatric disorders frequently accompany comorbid conditions, which can have negative prognostic effects. The etiological and phenomenological distinctions between these conditions may have significant implications for their therapeutic approach and clinical course. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the symptomatic and therapeutic significance of comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included OCD patients referred to private and institutional psychiatric clinics in Rasht, Guilan, in 2021. All participants were divided into two groups: those with OCD and those with both OCD and GAD (OCD-GAD). The diagnoses were determined using structured clinical interviews that followed the DSM-5-research version (DSM-5-RV) criteria and included psychiatric histories. Patients were assessed using the Hamilton anxiety rating (HAM) scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of the 146 participants, 80 had only OCD, while 66 had both OCD and GAD. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in GAF scores throughout the treatment period (P < 0.0001); however, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of these improvements. The Y-BOCS score was significantly higher in the OCD group at baseline (P < 0.0001), and it decreased more during the first 3 months in the OCD-GAD group (P = 0.006). The severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to symmetry (P = 0.014), hoarding (P = 0.034), taboo thoughts (P = 0.023), and aggression (P = 0.002) was significantly higher in the group with OCD. Both HAM-A and Y-BOCS scores decreased over time, but HAM-A showed a greater decline at the first follow-up, while Y-BOCS showed a greater decline at the second follow-up. Conclusions: Considering our findings, OCD-GAD diagnosis is not a unique subcategory of current psychiatric disorders, and it is not necessarily beneficial to regard it as such. However, we found that the comorbidity of GAD did not harm the prognosis of patients with OCD. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the clinical significance of OCD-GAD comorbidity.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49007301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Children's sexual development and behavior are important aspects of their overall development and education and are a significant concern for parents. These behaviors can lead to harm to children. The emotional climate and sexual environment within a family can influence the development of sexual behaviors. Objectives: This study aimed to predict sexual behavior problems in children, both with and without pre-existing sexual problems, based on their family's emotional climate and exposure to sexual environments. Methods: The present study was an applied and descriptive-correlational study that utilized discriminant analysis as its primary analysis method. The study population consisted of parents with children between the ages of 6 and 12 in Ahvaz in 2021. A total of 294 parents were selected for the study using voluntary sampling. The data were collected using the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), the Family Emotional Atmosphere Scale, and the Family Sexuality Scale (FSS). The data collected were analyzed using discriminant analysis. Results: The study's findings indicate that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual situations within the family, both individually and in combination, can distinguish children who exhibit sexual behavior problems and those who do not. The conventional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results indicated a significant combined power of the two variables (WL = 0.70; Kappa = 0.49; P = 0.001). The discriminant analysis results were significant for the family emotional climate (WL = 0.79; Kappa = 0.34) and exposure to the family sexual environment (WL = 0.80; Kappa = 0.36; P = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be argued that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual behavior within the family environment significantly impact the development of problematic sexual behaviors in children.
{"title":"Predicting Sexual Behavior Based on Family Emotional Climate and Exposure to the Sexual Environment in Children with and Without Sexual Problems","authors":"A. Amanelahi, Rezvan Andarz, Z. Abaspour","doi":"10.5812/ijpbs-130686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-130686","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children's sexual development and behavior are important aspects of their overall development and education and are a significant concern for parents. These behaviors can lead to harm to children. The emotional climate and sexual environment within a family can influence the development of sexual behaviors. Objectives: This study aimed to predict sexual behavior problems in children, both with and without pre-existing sexual problems, based on their family's emotional climate and exposure to sexual environments. Methods: The present study was an applied and descriptive-correlational study that utilized discriminant analysis as its primary analysis method. The study population consisted of parents with children between the ages of 6 and 12 in Ahvaz in 2021. A total of 294 parents were selected for the study using voluntary sampling. The data were collected using the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), the Family Emotional Atmosphere Scale, and the Family Sexuality Scale (FSS). The data collected were analyzed using discriminant analysis. Results: The study's findings indicate that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual situations within the family, both individually and in combination, can distinguish children who exhibit sexual behavior problems and those who do not. The conventional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results indicated a significant combined power of the two variables (WL = 0.70; Kappa = 0.49; P = 0.001). The discriminant analysis results were significant for the family emotional climate (WL = 0.79; Kappa = 0.34) and exposure to the family sexual environment (WL = 0.80; Kappa = 0.36; P = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be argued that the emotional climate within a family and exposure to sexual behavior within the family environment significantly impact the development of problematic sexual behaviors in children.","PeriodicalId":46644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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