Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship最新文献

英文中文

BROAD-BASED BLACK ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT POLICY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SOUTH AFRICA 南非基础广泛的黑人经济赋权政策和创业精神

IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500279

Chigozie Andy Ngwaba

This article examines the effects of the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) policy on black entrepreneurship in South Africa. The BBBEE policy is a legal framework aimed at addressing historical inequalities by promoting equal opportunities and encouraging the participation of black individuals in the economy. The policy highlights include increased access to funding for previously marginalized groups to start and grow their businesses, improved market access to encourage large businesses to partner with small businesses owned by previously marginalized groups, and increased skills and development. Using the policy as a quasi-natural experiment, the study adopts a difference-in-difference estimation technique contrasting periods before and after implementation and measuring its effectiveness on black entrepreneurial entry. Results from the analysis indicate that the policy was ineffective in improving black entrepreneurship in South Africa.

本文探讨了 "广泛黑人经济赋权"（BBBEE）政策对南非黑人创业的影响。BBBEE 政策是一个法律框架，旨在通过促进机会平等和鼓励黑人个人参与经济来解决历史遗留的不平等问题。该政策的亮点包括为以前被边缘化的群体创业和发展提供更多资金，改善市场准入以鼓励大企业与以前被边缘化群体拥有的小企业合作，以及提高技能和发展。本研究将该政策作为一项准自然实验，采用差分估算技术，对政策实施前后的各个时期进行对比，衡量其对黑人创业的有效性。分析结果表明，该政策在改善南非黑人创业方面效果不佳。

引用次数: 0

WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS IN MOROCCO: BETWEEN TRANSITION AND PATRIARCHAL RESISTANCE 摩洛哥妇女的创业成功：转型与父权制阻力之间

IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500309

Safae Elotmani, Malak EL BOURY

This study explores entrepreneurial success among female entrepreneurs, a topic that is poorly investigated in the global South. After a literature review on the concept of women’s entrepreneurial success and on the institutional, economic socio-cultural and familial context of Moroccan female entrepreneurs, results of a qualitative study involving female entrepreneurs based in urban areas, working across diverse industries, are described. Findings indicate that entrepreneurial success is defined by Moroccan female entrepreneurs through four different viewpoints: (1) entrepreneurial success through a company’s financial standing, (2) self-assessed entrepreneurial achievements, (3) societal recognition of entrepreneurial success and (4) the evaluation of entrepreneurial success based on the benefits provided to others. The definition of entrepreneurial success is explored in line with the evolution of women’s priorities and the evolution of Moroccan society. The findings and implications provide policy makers, practitioners and academics with a better understanding of female entrepreneurship and on how to enhance and support these entrepreneurs to increase economic growth.

本研究探讨了女企业家的创业成功问题，而这一问题在全球南方国家的研究很少。在对妇女创业成功的概念以及摩洛哥女企业家的制度、经济、社会文化和家庭背景进行文献综述后，介绍了一项定性研究的结果，该研究涉及在城市地区从事不同行业的女企业家。研究结果表明，摩洛哥女企业家通过四种不同的观点来定义创业成功：(1) 通过公司的财务状况来定义创业成功；(2) 自我评估创业成就；(3) 社会对创业成功的认可；(4) 根据为他人提供的利益来评估创业成功。根据妇女优先事项的演变和摩洛哥社会的演变，探讨了创业成功的定义。研究结果和影响使政策制定者、从业人员和学术界更好地了解女性创业以及如何加强和支持这些创业者以促进经济增长。

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引用次数: 0

ENTREPRENEURSHIP BY NECESSITY AND OPPORTUNITY IN THE MEXICAN STATES DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS 科维德-19 危机期间墨西哥各州因需要和机遇而产生的创业精神

IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500280

Roberto Fuentes, Alejandro Mungaray Lagarda, Yadira Zulith Anaya

The sanitary measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on the labor market, particularly in terms of entrepreneurship. To analyze this effect, a random-effects data panel was used, including observations for the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, covering the period from the second quarter of 2016 to the third quarter of 2021. As the effect is necessarily differentiated, the variable to be explained is the change in the number of employers and self-employed because the first group could be argued to approximate entrepreneurship by opportunity, and the second, entrepreneurship by necessity. Both groups are explained by variables of the state such as economic activity, access to financial products and whether COVID had any effect on the change in the types of entrepreneurship. The main conclusion is that the crisis generated by the pandemic had a positive effect on entrepreneurship out of necessity (NEC) but was not significant when it came to those called by opportunity (OPP). Public and private interventions are proposed to take advantage of and strengthen this new wave of entrepreneurship.

在 COVID-19 大流行期间实施的卫生措施对劳动力市场产生了重大影响，尤其是在创业方面。为了分析这种影响，我们使用了随机效应数据面板，包括墨西哥共和国 32 个州的观测数据，时间跨度为 2016 年第二季度至 2021 年第三季度。由于这种效应必然是有区别的，因此需要解释的变量是雇主和自营职业者数量的变化，因为可以说第一组近似于机会创业，第二组近似于必要创业。经济活动、获得金融产品的机会以及 COVID 是否对创业类型的变化产生影响等国家变量可解释这两类创业。主要结论是，大流行病引发的危机对 "出于需要 "的创业（NEC）有积极影响，但对 "出于机会 "的创业（OPP）影响不大。建议采取公共和私人干预措施，以利用和加强这股新的创业浪潮。

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引用次数: 0

BUILDING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY IN AN EMERGING ECONOMY: THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERIENCE 在新兴经济体中培养社会企业家的自我效能感：教育和创业经验的作用

IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500292

Risa Virgosita, Widya Paramita, Rokhima Rostiani

With the increasing number of social problems for which governments do not have solutions, especially in emerging economies, there have been ever louder calls for establishing social enterprises that will help address these problems. Social entrepreneurial intention increases when individuals have a high level of social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SESE). The literature suggests that SESE is domain-specific and can be enhanced only through education and experience related to social entrepreneurship. Building upon the social cognitive theory, this study argues that SESE can be improved through general factors such as education level and entrepreneurial experience. Through an online survey involving 241 general individuals, this study finds support for the social cognitive theory, which states that educational level increases SESE and subsequently increases social entrepreneurial intention. This relationship is substantiated for individuals who have prior entrepreneurial experience but not for individuals with no entrepreneurial experience. The results of this study highlight the importance of education in promoting social entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the curricula at all educational levels should encourage students to gain entrepreneurial experience such as by developing business projects or initiating a business.

随着政府无法解决的社会问题越来越多，特别是在新兴经济体，建立社会企业帮助解决这些问题的呼声越来越高。当个人具有较高的社会创业自我效能感（SESE）时，社会创业意向就会增强。文献表明，社会创业自我效能感是针对特定领域的，只有通过与社会创业相关的教育和经验才能提高。本研究在社会认知理论的基础上，认为 SESE 可以通过教育水平和创业经验等一般因素来提高。通过对 241 名普通人进行在线调查，本研究发现社会认知理论支持教育水平会提高 SESE，进而提高社会创业意向。这种关系在有过创业经验的人身上得到了证实，但在没有创业经验的人身上却没有得到证实。本研究的结果凸显了教育在促进社会创业意向方面的重要性。此外，各级教育的课程都应鼓励学生积累创业经验，如开发商业项目或创办企业。

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引用次数: 0

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUSIVE FINANCE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AFRICA: A GENDER-SPECIFIC PERSPECTIVE 非洲的信息和通信技术、普惠金融和创业：性别视角

IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500255

EMMANUEL UCHE, JOSEPH C. ODIONYE, NICHOLAS NGEPAH

The potential for information and communication technologies (ICT) and inclusive finance to drive entrepreneurial activity in an African context remain unclear. We specifically consider effects on male versus female entrepreneurs. This study unveils new insights based on an annual panel series for 52 African countries from 2005–2019. The system-generalized method-of-moments (sysGMM) and the novel method-of-moments quantile regression (MM-QR) aided the analysis. The estimates of both procedures demonstrate that entrepreneurship in Africa is self-promoting. The sysGMM estimator demonstrates that financial inclusion produced unsubstantial effects on entrepreneurial activity. However, the estimates of the MM-QR produced varying significant positive relationships mostly at the upper quantiles for all entrepreneurs. The sysGMM reveals that ICT produced marginal positive effects for entrepreneurs in general but not for female entrepreneurs. Additionally, the MM-QR unveiled a significant positive influence of ICT at the lower and middle quantiles for aggregate levels of entrepreneurship. ICT produced significant positive effects at the lower quantiles for men, and at the upper quantiles for women. Policy options to promote entrepreneurship in the continent are highlighted.

信息与通信技术（ICT）和普惠金融在非洲推动创业活动的潜力仍不明确。我们特别考虑了对男性创业者和女性创业者的影响。本研究基于 2005-2019 年 52 个非洲国家的年度面板序列，揭示了新的见解。系统广义常量法（sysGMM）和新颖的常量量子回归法（MM-QR）为分析提供了帮助。这两种方法的估计结果表明，非洲的创业是自我促进的。sysGMM 估计表明，金融包容性对创业活动的影响不大。然而，MM-QR 的估计值对所有创业者都产生了不同程度的显著正向关系，主要集中在较高的量级。sysGMM 显示，信息和通信技术对一般创业者产生了边际正效应，但对女性创业者则没有。此外，MM-QR 显示，信息和通信技术对总体创业水平的中低层创业者有显著的正向影响。对男性而言，信息和通信技术在较低数量级产生了重大积极影响，对女性而言，信息和通信技术在较高数量级产生了重大积极影响。重点介绍了促进非洲大陆创业的政策选择。

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引用次数: 0

CAREER MOTIVATORS AND DYNAMICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DEAF COMMUNITY 聋人社区的职业激励因素和创业动力

Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500188

RICHARD DEMARTINO, RAJENDRAN S. MURTHY, W. SCOT ATKINS

The entrepreneurship proclivities of the deaf and hard-of-hearing community are under-researched or often grouped together into the broad disability literature. This study represents the first effort in developing a framework for deaf entrepreneurship. It departs from prior work by employing a mixed method study to examine the drivers, career motivations and prevalence of entrepreneurial activity of the deaf community in the United States. Building on the nascent entrepreneurship disability literature, this research develops and tests a deaf entrepreneurship framework. Results indicate that entrepreneurship in the deaf community is limited, primarily driven by push-oriented motivations–tightly linked to unique contextual factors. It also finds that the dynamics of entrepreneurship in the deaf community differ substantially from the existing disability entrepreneurship literature revealing the need for different policies. Implications for theory and policy along with directions for future research are discussed.

聋人和听力障碍群体的创业倾向没有得到充分的研究，或者经常被归类到广泛的残疾文献中。这项研究代表了开发聋人创业框架的第一次努力。与以往的工作不同，本研究采用混合方法研究美国聋人社区创业活动的驱动因素、职业动机和流行程度。本研究以新兴的创业障碍文献为基础，开发并检验了一个聋人创业框架。结果表明，聋人社区的企业家精神是有限的，主要是由推动导向的动机驱动的，与独特的环境因素密切相关。研究还发现，聋人社区的创业动态与现有的残疾人创业文献存在很大差异，这表明需要不同的政策。讨论了理论和政策意义以及未来研究的方向。

引用次数: 0

INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS AND ALLOCATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL TALENTS TOWARD INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN NIGERIA 尼日利亚创新活动的制度维度和创业人才配置

Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500231

MUSA ABDU, FUAT OGUZ

This study explores how certain institutional dimensions influence entrepreneurial allocations in Nigeria and its sectorial heterogeneity. We apply unconditional fixed-effect Tobit regression estimators on a combined dataset extracted from various sources over the period 2011-2015. Our findings suggest that property rights and oil rents strongly encourage young entrepreneurs to be innovative, while a number of business procedures and the rule of law discourage them from being innovative. The findings suggest that some of the institutions are complementary to one another in improving entrepreneurial innovativeness. Interactions between them are positive and significant. Sectorial results reveal that property rights, government effectiveness and oil rents significantly enhance entrepreneurial innovativeness, whereas government size reduces innovativeness among young entrepreneurs in the manufacturing sector. In the IT sector, property rights, control of corruption, regulatory quality and government effectiveness increase entrepreneurial innovativeness. Government size, business procedures and the rule of law reduce innovativeness. Overall, the institutions appear to have stronger and bigger effects in the IT sector than they do in the manufacturing sector. Policy implications include the need for institutional reforms targeting productive entrepreneurship to focus more on making business regulation and procedures more competition-friendly and less cumbersome and strengthening the quality of anti-graft and property right institutions.

本研究探讨了某些制度维度如何影响尼日利亚的创业配置及其部门异质性。我们对2011-2015年期间从各种来源提取的组合数据集应用无条件固定效应Tobit回归估计。我们的研究结果表明，产权和石油租金强烈鼓励年轻企业家创新，而许多商业程序和法治阻碍了他们的创新。研究结果表明，一些制度在提高企业创新能力方面是相互补充的。他们之间的互动是积极而重要的。行业研究结果显示，产权、政府效率和石油租金显著提高了制造业青年企业家的创新能力，而政府规模则降低了制造业青年企业家的创新能力。在信息技术领域，产权、腐败控制、监管质量和政府效率提高了企业创新能力。政府规模、商业程序和法治会降低创新能力。总的来说，这些机构在IT行业的影响力似乎比在制造业更强、更大。所涉政策问题包括需要进行以生产性企业家精神为目标的体制改革，更加注重使商业规章和程序更加有利于竞争和减少繁琐，并加强反腐败和产权机构的质量。

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引用次数: 0

ENABLING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: AN INFORMAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE 促进撒哈拉以南非洲的经济和社会变革:非正式经济视角

Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/s108494672350022x

AMON SIMBA, MAHDI TAJEDDIN

Research presents the informal economy as a fading phenomenon mainly confined to the peripheries of mainstream economics. However, such views overlook its transformative effect on the social and economic spheres of many regions of the developing world through employment creation. Drawing from a new dataset combining World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Africa Index databases, this study examines the effect of country-level variables (informal economy size, economic and sustainable development) on economic and social change in twenty sub-Saharan African nations. Results reveal that informal work and informal business sustain livelihoods by providing income that helps tackle poverty, malnutrition and mortality rates. This has implications for academic research and policy making because it induces debate on the need to balance economic and social change with policy initiatives.

研究表明，非正规经济是一种衰落现象，主要局限于主流经济学的边缘。然而，这种观点忽视了它通过创造就业机会对发展中世界许多区域的社会和经济领域产生的变革性影响。本研究利用世界银行、国际货币基金组织(IMF)和非洲指数数据库的新数据集，考察了20个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的国家层面变量(非正规经济规模、经济和可持续发展)对经济和社会变革的影响。结果显示，非正规工作和非正规商业通过提供有助于解决贫困、营养不良和死亡率问题的收入来维持生计。这对学术研究和政策制定有影响，因为它引发了关于平衡经济和社会变革与政策举措的必要性的辩论。

引用次数: 0

THE ROLES OF PRODUCT INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN MARKETING PERFORMANCE 产品创新能力在营销绩效中的作用

Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500218

IMROATUL KHASANAH, I. MADE SUKRESNA

This study examines the role of product innovation capability in mediating the effect of market sensing capability on marketing performance. The sample data consist of 338 SMEs in the food product industry in Central Java, Indonesia. A model consisting of five hypotheses was proposed and tested. The statistical tests cover the following variables: market sensing capability, product innovation capability, competitive advantage and marketing performance. Structural Equation Modeling was used in the model and hypotheses testing. The results show that the five hypotheses have a positive and significant effect. Product innovation capability has the greatest influence on marketing performance, suggesting its important role in improving marketing performance. The results suggest that in increasing product innovation capability, SMEs must perpetually create and offer new ideas by considering market trends. Second, SMEs must be innovative in creating new food products in terms of both taste and packaging. Third, SMEs need to be the first to offer new products. Finally, SMEs must utilize the advancement of technology to develop food products and their variations.

本研究考察了产品创新能力在市场感知能力对营销绩效的中介作用。样本数据包括印度尼西亚中爪哇食品行业的338家中小企业。提出了一个由五个假设组成的模型并进行了检验。统计检验包括以下变量:市场感知能力、产品创新能力、竞争优势和营销绩效。采用结构方程模型进行模型和假设检验。结果表明，这五个假设都具有显著的正向效应。产品创新能力对营销绩效的影响最大，说明其对提高营销绩效具有重要作用。研究结果表明，中小企业在提高产品创新能力的过程中，必须结合市场发展趋势，不断创新，不断创新。第二，中小企业必须创新，在口味和包装上创造新的食品。第三，中小企业要率先推出新产品。最后，中小企业必须利用技术的进步来开发食品产品及其变体。

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引用次数: 0

THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM AND THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES (MSES) IN AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA: THE POLITICAL-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE 埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区的创业生态系统与微型和小型企业(mses)的绩效:政治-法律视角

Q3 BUSINESS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500206

MULUGETA CHANE, HEENA ATWAL

All other parts of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in any country are governed by the political and legal aspects of the system. This study examines the integrated effect of the entrepreneurial ecosystem’s political-legal subsystem on the performance of MSEs based on system theory and the mediating role of entrepreneurial competence, based on a resource-based view. There has been no detailed examination of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of MSEs in Africa in general, and Ethiopia in particular. Although the political-legal aspects of the entrepreneurial ecosystem have a major effect on both entrepreneurial competency and MSE’s performance, the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and MSE performance was found to be insignificant. The role of entrepreneurial competency in mediating the relationships between policy and business performance and other business environments and business performance was shown to be insignificant. The study suggests that the policies designed by the government for MSEs should be flexible enough to affect other aspects of the entrepreneurial environment, such as the economic and social dimensions. Finally, additional studies in the field are encouraged to clarify the discrepancies in the findings concerning the relationships between entrepreneurial competencies and the performance of SMEs.

在任何国家，创业生态系统的所有其他部分都受到该系统的政治和法律方面的支配。本研究基于系统论考察了创业生态系统政法子系统对中小微企业绩效的综合影响，基于资源基础视角考察了创业能力的中介作用。在非洲，特别是埃塞俄比亚，还没有对中小企业的创业生态系统进行详细的研究。虽然创业生态系统的政治和法律方面对创业能力和中小企业绩效都有重要影响，但创业能力和中小企业绩效之间的关系并不显著。企业家胜任力在政策与企业绩效、其他商业环境与企业绩效之间的中介作用不显著。研究表明，政府为中小微企业设计的政策应该足够灵活，以影响创业环境的其他方面，如经济和社会层面。最后，鼓励在该领域进行更多的研究，以澄清关于创业能力与中小企业绩效之间关系的研究结果中的差异。

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引用次数: 0

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