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EMPOWERING RURAL LEBANESE FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS: A RESOURCE-BASED PERSPECTIVE 增强黎巴嫩农村女企业家的能力:基于资源的视角
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s108494672450002x
LARA KHABBAZ, OMAYA KURAN

This paper examines how rural female entrepreneurs in Lebanon navigate challenges and opportunities amidst economic crises. It aims to understand how they leverage resources to overcome barriers and enhance their entrepreneurial potential, offering insights for fostering sustainable entrepreneurship in crisis-affected regions. This study employs Integrative Qualitative Methods, combining participatory action research (PAR) and narrative inquiry, to explore the motivations, experiences and aspirations of rural female entrepreneurs in Lebanon. Amidst severe economic crises, 28 female entrepreneurs participated in a three-year program supporting their businesses. The findings indicate that rural female entrepreneurs in Lebanon are primarily motivated by family sustainability, social effect and personal fulfillment. They demonstrate significant adaptability to market changes and are able to leverage support networks to manage resources effectively. Strategic resource allocation, communication and collaboration are key to their success. Overall, these findings highlight the resilience and strategic acumen of rural female entrepreneurs, emphasizing the importance of ongoing support for economic growth and community development.

本文探讨了黎巴嫩农村女企业家如何在经济危机中把握挑战和机遇。本文旨在了解她们如何利用资源克服障碍并增强创业潜力,从而为在受危机影响的地区促进可持续创业提供启示。本研究采用综合定性方法,结合参与式行动研究 (PAR) 和叙事调查,探讨黎巴嫩农村女性创业者的动机、经历和愿望。在严重的经济危机中,28 名女企业家参加了一项为期三年的企业扶持计划。研究结果表明,黎巴嫩农村女企业家的主要动机是家庭的可持续发展、社会效应和个人成就感。她们对市场变化的适应能力很强,能够利用支持网络有效管理资源。战略性资源分配、沟通与合作是她们成功的关键。总之,这些研究结果凸显了农村女企业家的应变能力和战略敏锐性,强调了持续支持对经济增长和社区发展的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF A CROSS-CULTURAL ITEM BANK FOR MEASURING ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSONALITY TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH VENTURE SUCCESS 开发跨文化项目库,测量与创业成功相关的创业人格特质
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946724500067
RAUL ESTRADA-LAVILLA, MARÍA ALEJANDRA OVALLE-ZULETA, JOSÉ RUIZ-NAVARRO, MARÍA DEL CARMEN CAMELO-ORDAZ

This study aims to create a cross-cultural item bank that enables accurate, specific and comprehensive measurement of entrepreneurial personality traits associated with successful businesses. The traits were identified through a literature review, a panel of experts and entrepreneurs. Forty-four experts were used for the content analysis of the item bank and 35 entrepreneurs were interviewed to analyze and validate the item bank with considerable evidence. We identified sixteen entrepreneurial personality traits grounded in theory, each linked to entrepreneurial success, constructed a cross-cultural item bank customized to five Spanish-speaking countries to enable a more culturally sensitive measurement, and provided evidence of both content and response process validities. The item bank advances the measurement of entrepreneurial personality traits, transcending the constraints of conventional psychometric tests to offer a less intrusive, yet more accurate and efficient, alternative. A foundation is provided for a computerized adaptive test capable of assessing a range of entrepreneur-specific constructs for a better alignment between project stakeholders and a reduced risk of failure.

本研究旨在创建一个跨文化项目库,以准确、具体和全面地测量与成功企业相关的创业个性特征。这些特质是通过文献综述、专家小组和企业家确定的。44 位专家参与了项目库的内容分析,35 位企业家接受了访谈,以大量证据分析和验证项目库。我们确定了 16 种基于理论的创业人格特质,每种特质都与创业成功相关联。我们构建了一个跨文化项目库,专为五个西班牙语国家量身定制,使测量更具文化敏感性,并提供了内容有效性和反应过程有效性的证据。项目库推动了创业人格特质的测量,超越了传统心理测验的限制,提供了一种侵入性更低、更准确、更高效的替代方法。它为计算机化自适应测试奠定了基础,该测试能够评估一系列创业者特有的构造,从而更好地协调项目利益相关者之间的关系,降低失败的风险。
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引用次数: 0
CULTURAL NORMS AND THEIR EFFECT ON ENTREPRENEURIAL ENDEAVORS: PERSPECTIVES FROM BANGLADESH 文化规范及其对创业努力的影响:孟加拉国的观点
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946724500079
EMON KALYAN CHOWDHURY

This paper explores the effect of traditional practices and cultural norms on entrepreneurship and business success in Bangladesh. Using a constructive survey questionnaire, data was collected from 172 businesspersons. Factor analysis and regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The findings highlight that traditional family structures, gender roles, social hierarchies and traditional business networks significantly influence entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. These factors can either enable or hinder entrepreneurial activities, access to resources and funding, and decision-making processes. The study also identifies challenges faced by entrepreneurs because of traditional practices and cultural norms, such as limited resources for female entrepreneurs and barriers to fair competition. Based on the findings, implications are drawn for policy development, programming within educational institutions and entrepreneurial practice.

本文探讨了孟加拉国传统习俗和文化规范对创业和企业成功的影响。通过建设性的调查问卷,收集了 172 名商人的数据。数据分析采用了因子分析和回归分析。研究结果突出表明,传统家庭结构、性别角色、社会等级制度和传统商业网络对孟加拉国的创业精神有重大影响。这些因素既能促进也能阻碍创业活动、资源和资金的获取以及决策过程。研究还指出了创业者因传统习俗和文化规范而面临的挑战,如女性创业者的资源有限以及公平竞争的障碍。根据研究结果,得出了对政策制定、教育机构内的计划编制和创业实践的影响。
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引用次数: 0
SELF-REPORTED EMOTIONAL DISTRESS AND CREDIT DISCOURAGEMENT: RACIAL DIFFERENCES AMONG INDIVIDUAL MICROENTREPRENEURS IN BRAZIL 自我报告的情绪困扰和信贷挫折:巴西个体微型企业主的种族差异
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946724500031
MARCELO PAIXÃO, IRENE ROSSETTO

Research has shown that credit discouragement is one of the most significant barriers deterring small businesses from accessing credit. Although credit discouragement is often associated with diminished expectations for successfully obtaining credit, the underlying causes of this phenomenon have not been explored fully. Adapting Loury’s (2021) feedback effect theory to the credit market, this study provides insights into the effect of race and emotional distress on credit discouragement among individual microentrepreneurs (IMEs) in Brazil. Using survey data collected in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, the study confirms that Black and Brown IMEs who reported emotional distress in bank branches had a greater credit discouragement rate than those who did not. We also confirmed Brazil’s pigmentocratic pattern of inequality, with higher discouragement among Black IMEs compared to Brown and White IMEs.

研究表明,信贷障碍是阻碍小企业获得信贷的最主要障碍之一。虽然信贷受挫往往与成功获得信贷的期望值降低有关,但这一现象的根本原因尚未得到充分探讨。本研究将 Loury(2021 年)的反馈效应理论应用于信贷市场,深入探讨了种族和情绪困扰对巴西个体微型企业主(IMEs)信贷望而却步的影响。本研究利用在里约热内卢和萨尔瓦多收集的调查数据,证实了在银行网点报告情绪困扰的黑人和棕色人种个体微型企业主比没有报告情绪困扰的个体微型企业主有更高的信贷劝阻率。我们还证实了巴西的色素不平等模式,与棕色和白色的 IMEs 相比,黑人 IMEs 的沮丧率更高。
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引用次数: 0
PAVING THE PATH TO YOUTH GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ACTIVISM, EDUCATION OR BOTH? 为青年绿色创业铺平道路:行动主义、教育还是两者兼顾?
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946724500055
RINA HERANI, JOVITA ANGELA, TUR NASTITI

This study pioneers the application of the Civic Voluntarism Model to investigate youth green entrepreneurship. We conducted a survey among Indonesian students enrolled in higher education institutions. Our analysis of 441 responses using Hayes’ Process Model with 5000 bootstrapping iterations yields significant insights. We discovered that youth committed to the environment are more likely to pursue green entrepreneurship when actively engaging in offline environmental activism. Intriguingly, exposure to entrepreneurship education alone does not significantly strengthen the shift from environmental commitment to the green entrepreneurship unless youth also participate in offline environmental activism. This discovery propels the Civic Voluntarism Model forward, highlighting the critical roles of entrepreneurship education as a moderator and offline environmental activism as a mediator in facilitating the transition from environmental commitment to the pursuit of green entrepreneurship among youth. Despite recognizing the threat of climate change and their capacity to tackle it, youth face criticism for their lack of active participation in mitigation efforts. Our findings address this challenge by providing actionable recommendations for educators, policymakers and young individuals aspiring to become green entrepreneurs. These recommendations aim to empower young individuals to drive positive environmental change beyond the confines of the classroom.

本研究开创性地将公民志愿模式应用于调查青年绿色创业。我们对在高等教育机构就读的印度尼西亚学生进行了调查。我们使用 Hayes 的过程模型对 441 份答复进行了分析,并进行了 5000 次引导迭代,从而得出了重要的见解。我们发现,致力于环保的青年在积极参与线下环保活动时,更有可能追求绿色创业。耐人寻味的是,除非青年同时参与线下环保活动,否则仅仅接受创业教育并不能显著加强从环保承诺到绿色创业的转变。这一发现推动了 "公民志愿主义模型 "的发展,突出了创业教育作为调节器和线下环境活动作为中介在促进青年从环境承诺向追求绿色创业转变过程中的关键作用。尽管青年认识到了气候变化的威胁以及他们应对气候变化的能力,但他们因缺乏积极参与减缓气候变化的努力而受到批评。为了应对这一挑战,我们的研究结果为教育工作者、政策制定者和有志成为绿色企业家的年轻人提供了可行的建议。这些建议旨在增强年轻人的能力,使他们能够在课堂之外推动积极的环境变化。
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引用次数: 0
DYNAMICS AND CONSTRAINTS OF THE START-UP LEGITIMATION PROCESS: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION 新创企业合法化进程的动力和制约因素:组织认同的作用
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946724500018
EMILIA KARPINSKAIA, GALINA SHIROKOVA, TATIANA S. MANOLOVA

From inception, start-ups are torn between two opposing legitimacy pressures: the need to differentiate from competitors and the need to conform to stakeholders’ expectations. In this study, we adopt an organizational identification perspective, coupled with a legitimacy-seeking lens, to explore the start-up legitimation progress for entrepreneurs who identify with their ventures either intrinsically or instrumentally. Applying a longitudinal multi-case study design and using rich interview data, we track the decisions and actions of ten Russian high-tech start-ups over a twenty-month period. Our findings reveal that start-up legitimation is a dynamic process guided by the organizational identification of the founders and bounded by identity tensions. The study extends the literature on new venture legitimation and its constraints. Theoretical and practitioner implications are discussed.

新创企业从一开始就在两种对立的合法性压力之间徘徊:既要从竞争对手中脱颖而出,又要符合利益相关者的期望。在本研究中,我们采用组织认同的视角,结合合法性追求的视角,来探讨创业者在内在或工具上认同其企业时的初创企业合法性进展。我们采用纵向多案例研究设计,利用丰富的访谈数据,追踪了十家俄罗斯高科技初创企业在二十个月内的决策和行动。我们的研究结果表明,初创企业的合法化是一个动态过程,由创始人的组织认同所引导,并受到身份紧张关系的约束。这项研究扩展了有关新创企业合法性及其制约因素的文献。我们还讨论了理论和实践方面的影响。
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引用次数: 0
EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF MOROCCAN INFORMAL MICROENTERPRISES’ ATTRIBUTES ON THE DECISION TO TRANSITION INTO A FORMAL STATUS 研究摩洛哥非正规微型企业的属性对决定过渡到正规地位的影响
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946724500043
EL HASSANIA RAHOU, MOUNA HAJJAJ, AHMED TAQI, CHAMA JARIDE, YASSIN ALLAMMARI

Microenterprises have long been neglected in theoretical debates on the informal sector, receiving limited attention and superficial analysis. The aim of this article is to study the influence of the characteristics of informal microenterprises in Morocco on the decision to move to the formal sector. The article adopts a quantitative approach, focusing on 500 informal microentrepreneurs in northern Morocco. Through descriptive statistics and the use of a binomial logistic regression model, the study focuses on the effects of multiple aspects of these businesses. Data is collected and analyzed using the open-source tool R. The survey results reveal that engagement in a service-providing activity, the availability of business premises, and hiring more than four workers positively affect the propensity to formalize Moroccan informal microenterprises. Similarly, the use of simplified accounting systems, a longer period of existence and recourse to subcontracting are factors that encourage these ventures to opt for formalization. These findings are of key theoretical importance, exploiting the singularity of the Moroccan context and challenging the adoption of the neoliberal approach to explaining informality in Morocco. The conclusions are accompanied by recommendations designed to stimulate the transition to a formal sector. Implications of these findings for policy-makers, practitioners and entrepreneurs are discussed.

在关于非正规部门的理论辩论中,微型企业长期以来一直被忽视,受到的关注有限,分析肤浅。本文旨在研究摩洛哥非正规微型企业的特点对决定转入正规部门的影响。文章采用定量方法,重点关注摩洛哥北部的 500 名非正规微型企业主。通过描述性统计和使用二项式逻辑回归模型,研究重点关注这些企业的多个方面的影响。调查结果显示,从事提供服务的活动、拥有经营场所和雇用四名以上工人会对摩洛哥非正规微型企业正规化的倾向产生积极影响。同样,使用简化的会计制度、存在时间较长以及采用分包方式也是鼓励这些企业选择正规化的因素。这些发现具有重要的理论意义,利用了摩洛哥国情的特殊性,并对采用新自由主义方法解释摩洛哥非正规性的做法提出了质疑。在得出结论的同时,还提出了旨在促进向正规部门过渡的建议。还讨论了这些结论对决策者、从业者和企业家的影响。
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引用次数: 0
CATALYZING URBAN AND RURAL FEMALE ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS THROUGH HRM PRACTICES AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY USE: INSIGHTS FROM LEBANON 通过人力资源管理实践和数字技术应用促进城市和农村妇女创业成功:黎巴嫩的启示
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500267
Gloria Ghantous Haddad, Amal Dabbous Soubra, Nada Mallah Boustany
This study investigates the influence of human resource management (HRM) practices and digital technology use (DTU) on women’s perceived venture growth. Further, it explores the mediating role of perceived venture growth and whether this factor contributes to the improvement of female entrepreneurs’ economic conditions. The analysis also assesses differences between urban and rural areas. Using a sample of 100 female entrepreneurs in Lebanon, the results indicate that HRM practices and DTU exert a positive, significant effect on female entrepreneurs’ perceived venture growth. The latter also has a positive influence on the economic conditions of these women and acts as a mediator in these relationships. The findings differ between urban and rural areas. For female entrepreneurs in urban areas, perceived venture growth is shown to mediate the relationship between DTU and women’s economic conditions while it mediates the relationship between HRM practices and women’s economic conditions for female entrepreneurs in rural areas. The findings emphasize the collectivistic nature of rural female entrepreneurs, underscoring their reliance on strategic people management for business growth. It also advocates for promoting digital literacy among rural female entrepreneurs to help them grow and expand their businesses.
本研究探讨了人力资源管理(HRM)实践和数字技术使用(DTU)对女性感知风险增长的影响。此外,研究还探讨了感知风险增长的中介作用,以及这一因素是否有助于改善女性创业者的经济状况。分析还评估了城市和农村地区之间的差异。研究以黎巴嫩的 100 名女企业家为样本,结果表明,人力资源管理实践和 DTU 对女企业家的感知风险增长产生了积极、显著的影响。后者还对这些妇女的经济状况产生积极影响,并在这些关系中起到中介作用。城市和农村地区的研究结果有所不同。对于城市地区的女企业家来说,感知到的企业成长是 DTU 与妇女经济状况之间关系的中介,而对于农村地区的女企业家来说,感知到的企业成长则是人力资源管理实践与妇女经济状况之间关系的中介。研究结果强调了农村女性创业者的集体主义性质,突出了她们对战略性人员管理对企业发展的依赖。研究还提倡促进农村女企业家的数字扫盲,以帮助她们发展和扩大业务。
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引用次数: 0
FAITH AND THE POVERTY ENTREPRENEUR: Editor’s Note 信仰与贫困企业家:编者按
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723010033
Michael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos
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引用次数: 0
ONLINE CROWDFUNDING PROJECTS AFTER THE PANDEMIC: ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS 大流行后的在线众筹项目:创业能力与制度动力
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946723500243
Andrew Guo, Linghui Tang
This study examines what institutional conditions, entrepreneurial abilities and industry-specific factors contributed to the survival of online crowdfunding projects after the Covid pandemic. Based on the dynamic capability theory, we argue that government financial support alone cannot close the gap between market supply and demand after an exogenous shock. An institutional environment that promotes a transparent and efficient information sharing and resources allocation system is equally important for the survival of startups. Using a sample of 924 Kickstarter projects between 2017 and 2018, we found that startups in countries with high market dynamics and low entry barriers had a higher probability to survive the exogenous shock after controlling for entrepreneurial experience, social capital, and industry-specific factors. The findings support a free market approach to promote early-stage entrepreneurship.
本研究探讨了在科威德大流行后,哪些制度条件、创业能力和行业特定因素促成了在线众筹项目的生存。基于动态能力理论,我们认为在外来冲击发生后,仅靠政府的财政支持无法弥合市场供需之间的差距。促进透明、高效的信息共享和资源分配体系的制度环境对初创企业的生存同样重要。通过对2017年至2018年的924个Kickstarter项目进行抽样调查,我们发现,在控制了创业经验、社会资本和行业特定因素后,市场活力强、进入壁垒低的国家的初创企业在外生性冲击下存活的概率更高。研究结果支持以自由市场的方式促进早期创业。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship
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