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CREDIT RISK, LIQUIDITY RISK AND FEEDBACK EFFECTS ON MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN ECUADOR 信贷风险、流动性风险和对小额信贷机构的反馈效应:厄瓜多尔的经验证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s108494672250025x
Adriana Uquillas, Belen Simbaña
Ten years of data from an Ecuadorian microfinance entity together with data on macroeconomic variables was analyzed. Through a Vector Autoregressive Model, we established a one-way causal relationship between credit and liquidity risks. The model includes the feedback effects through successive deterioration of credit portfolio and illiquidity spreading and the effects of macroeconomics and financial variables on these risks. Our results corroborate the importance of incorporating new contagion channels in microfinance institutions’ risk management, which helps microfinance institutions become financially sustainable, generating a relatively stable level of profitability that can improve the entrepreneur’s economic situation.
分析了厄瓜多尔一家小额金融实体十年来的数据以及宏观经济变量的数据。通过向量自回归模型,我们建立了信贷和流动性风险之间的单向因果关系。该模型包括信贷组合连续恶化和非流动性扩散的反馈效应,以及宏观经济和金融变量对这些风险的影响。我们的研究结果证实了将新的传染渠道纳入小额信贷机构风险管理的重要性,这有助于小额信贷机构实现财务可持续性,产生相对稳定的盈利水平,从而改善企业家的经济状况。
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引用次数: 0
ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: A BOON TO INCOME EQUALITY 非洲的创业发展:收入平等的福音
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500297
F. Ajide
The interconnection between income inequality and entrepreneurship in African economies is examined. The study provides answers to two critical questions: (1) Does income inequality affect entrepreneurship? and (2) What is the implication of entrepreneurship for income disparity in Africa? With the Gini coefficient used as a proxy for income inequality, data from 23 selected African countries over the period 2006-2018 are analyzed. The analysis is based on panel data econometrics, and reveals that income inequality increases entrepreneurship in Africa. It is also discovered that entrepreneurship reduces income inequality. These findings persist after utilizing the Palma ratio as an alternative proxy for income disparity in African economies. In terms of policy implications, the study shows that income disparities serve as a push factor toward entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurship may serve as a veritable tool for policies aiming at reducing income inequality in Africa.
研究了非洲经济中收入不平等与企业家精神之间的相互联系。该研究提供了两个关键问题的答案:(1)收入不平等是否影响创业?(2)创业对非洲收入差距的影响是什么?本文使用基尼系数作为收入不平等的指标,分析了2006-2018年期间选定的23个非洲国家的数据。该分析基于面板数据计量经济学,揭示了收入不平等增加了非洲的创业精神。研究还发现,创业减少了收入不平等。在使用帕尔马比率作为非洲经济体收入差距的替代代理后,这些发现仍然存在。在政策影响方面,研究表明,收入差距是推动创业活动的因素。企业家精神可以作为旨在减少非洲收入不平等的政策的名副其实的工具。
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引用次数: 0
GENDER AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT OF EARLY-STAGE SOCIAL SERVICE ENTREPRENEURS: THE ROLES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EXIT EXPERIENCE AND INNOVATION 性别与早期社会服务企业家的国际参与:创业退出经验和创新的作用
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500285
Tianjiao Qiu
The paper empirically examines how gender affects international market engagement through its effects on entrepreneurial exit experience and innovation in early-stage social service ventures across different countries. Empirical findings from generalized linear mixed models with SAS GLIMMIX procedures support the direct effect of gender on international market engagement and the indirect effect of gender on international market engagement through entrepreneurial exit experience and innovation in early-stage social service ventures. The study shows significant gender gaps in the international market engagement of early-stage social service ventures owned by male and female entrepreneurs. The gaps appear to be rooted in gender differences in experiential learning resulting from entrepreneurial exit experience and innovation. The paper calls on governments to build gender-aware ecosystems that engage female entrepreneurs in experiential learning and innovation, thereby empowering them to grow through active international market engagement in early-stage social service ventures.
本文通过对不同国家早期社会服务企业退出经验和创新的影响,实证研究了性别如何影响国际市场参与。基于SAS GLIMMIX程序的广义线性混合模型的实证结果支持性别对国际市场参与的直接影响,以及性别对早期社会服务企业退出经验和创新的国际市场参与的间接影响。该研究显示,男性和女性企业家拥有的早期社会服务企业在国际市场参与方面存在显著的性别差异。这种差距似乎源于创业退出经验和创新带来的体验式学习的性别差异。该报告呼吁各国政府建立具有性别意识的生态系统,让女性企业家参与体验式学习和创新,从而使她们能够通过积极参与早期社会服务企业的国际市场来实现成长。
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引用次数: 0
IS ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION REDUCING POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES? EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA 创业教育是否能减少欠发达国家的贫困和收入不平等?来自尼日利亚的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500248
Nathaniel Adeyemi Adebayo
Enlisting entrepreneurship policies to address the twin issues of poverty and income inequality in particular, and development in general, has become a standard practice in low-income and less developed countries. Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, is quintessential in this respect. This study investigates the extent to which entrepreneurship education has reduced both poverty and income inequality among entrepreneurs in South Western Nigeria. The study sample consists of tertiary institution graduates who undertook mandatory entrepreneurship coursework and then operated as micro, small and medium enterprise owners post-graduation. Data analysis reveals weak relationships between entrepreneurship education and both poverty reduction and income inequality, and a marginal effect of entrepreneurship education on the incidence of poverty, depth of poverty and severity of poverty. The study explores factors responsible for these results and makes recommendations on how to enhance the effect of entrepreneurship education.
利用企业政策来解决贫穷和收入不平等的双重问题,以及一般的发展问题,已成为低收入和欠发达国家的标准做法。尼日利亚是非洲人口最多的国家,在这方面是典型的。本研究调查了创业教育在多大程度上减少了尼日利亚西南部企业家的贫困和收入不平等。本研究样本由高等院校毕业生组成,他们参加了必修的创业课程,毕业后成为中小微企业主。数据分析表明,创业教育与减贫和收入不平等之间的关系较弱,创业教育对贫困发生率、贫困深度和贫困严重程度都有边际效应。本研究探讨了导致这些结果的因素,并就如何提高创业教育的效果提出了建议。
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引用次数: 1
ECONOMIC FREEDOM, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA 经济自由、企业家精神与经济增长:来自面板数据的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500273
M. M. Khyareh, M. Zamani
The existing literature is filled with mixed findings on the effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth. In particular, previous literature treats the effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth in isolation, while we emphasize the institutional environment, and especially, economic freedom. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we re-explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and growth and attempt to clarify the mixed findings. The systemic link between economic freedom, entrepreneurship and economic growth is investigated by examining a panel of 54 countries (2008-2018). The results validate that overall economic freedom and its subcomponents, such as the rule of law, limited government size, regulatory efficiency and market openness promote the positive effects of entrepreneurial activity on economic growth. The results suggest that economic freedom not only directs individual efforts to entrepreneurial activity, but also affects the extent to which entrepreneurial activity encourages higher growth rates. The findings contradict policy recommendations that some measures of economic freedom are not significantly associated with entrepreneurship.
关于创业对经济增长的影响,现有文献中的研究结果喜忧参半。特别是,以前的文献孤立地讨论了创业对经济增长的影响,而我们强调的是制度环境,尤其是经济自由。利用《全球创业监测》的数据,我们重新探讨了创业与成长之间的关系,并试图澄清混合的发现。经济自由、创业精神和经济增长之间的系统性联系是通过审查一个由54个国家组成的小组来调查的(2008-2018年)。研究结果证实,总体经济自由及其子组成部分,如法治、有限的政府规模、监管效率和市场开放,促进了创业活动对经济增长的积极影响。研究结果表明,经济自由不仅将个人的努力导向创业活动,而且还会影响创业活动在多大程度上鼓励更高的增长率。这些发现与政策建议相矛盾,即一些经济自由措施与创业没有显著联系。
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引用次数: 2
EDITOR'S NOTE: ECOSYSTEMS AND POVERTY 编者按:生态系统与贫困
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500236
Michael H. Morris
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引用次数: 0
CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SELECTED COUNTRIES 选定国家创业、失业和经济增长之间的因果关系
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500200
A. Davari, Leila Sefidbari, M. Khazaei, Kamal Sakhdari, Y. M. Jahromi
While the aggregate positive effects of entrepreneurship are assumed in many studies, there is a lack of empirical support for such assumptions. This study investigates the causal relationship between entrepreneurship, economic growth and unemployment. We also examine how a shock in one variable may influence other variables and the length of the effect. The findings of panel data from 39 countries collected between 2006 and 2016 using the Granger-causality test indicate a unidirectional causal effect of economic growth on entrepreneurship and unemployment. However, despite their correlation, no causal link was found between entrepreneurship and unemployment. The analysis of impulse-response functions also shows that only shocks from the entrepreneurship indicator are permanent in the model. Variance decomposition results reveal that the most important factor causing changes in entrepreneurship is the entrepreneurship indicator itself, implying that only specific entrepreneurial policies can affect the entrepreneurship indicator’s components and improve this indicator.
虽然许多研究都假设创业的总体积极影响,但缺乏对这些假设的实证支持。本研究调查了创业、经济增长和失业之间的因果关系。我们还研究了一个变量中的冲击如何影响其他变量以及影响的长度。2006年至2016年间,使用格兰杰因果检验从39个国家收集的面板数据表明,经济增长对创业和失业具有单向因果效应。然而,尽管两者之间存在相关性,但在创业和失业之间没有发现因果关系。对脉冲响应函数的分析还表明,只有来自创业指标的冲击在模型中是永久的。方差分解结果表明,导致创业变化的最重要因素是创业指标本身,这意味着只有特定的创业政策才能影响创业指标的组成部分并改善这一指标。
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引用次数: 2
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR: AN EXPLANATION FROM THE VALUES OF ECOCENTRISM AND CONFORMITY OF MEXICAN ARTISANS 创业取向与环境行为&从墨西哥工匠的生态中心主义与从众价值观解读
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500182
P. Sánchez-Medina
We studied individual psychological characteristics such as conformity and ecocentrism in Mexican artisans, and the effect these characteristics have on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and environmental behavior (EB) in artisan family businesses in Oaxaca and Guanajuato, Mexico. The research model is empirically validated by partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). We found that conformity is a value that positively affects EO and EB. In contrast, ecocentrism has a positive effect on EB, but not on EO. Our study highlights the importance of focusing on conformity as a characteristic of survival ventures. On the other hand, it is imperative to carry out research that incorporates the environmental dimension to characterize the sustainability aspect in survival ventures.
我们研究了墨西哥工匠的个体心理特征,如从众性和生态中心主义,以及这些特征对瓦哈卡州和瓜纳华托州工匠家庭企业的创业取向(EO)和环境行为(EB)的影响。通过偏最小二乘结构方程建模(PLS-SEM)对研究模型进行了实证验证。我们发现,一致性是一种对EO和EB产生积极影响的价值观。相反,生态中心主义对EB有积极影响,但对EO没有。我们的研究强调了关注一致性作为生存风险特征的重要性。另一方面,必须开展包含环境层面的研究,以表征生存企业的可持续性方面。
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引用次数: 1
SUCCESSFULLY PREPARING DAUGHTERS AS SUCCESSORS IN FAMILY FIRMS 成功培养女儿成为家族企业的接班人
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500170
J. Cater, M. Young
Drawing on insights from the family business succession and mentoring literature ,we examined the preparation process for daughters as successors in family firms in the United States. In-depth interviews were conducted with eighteen daughters and their parent mentors (nine mothers and nine fathers) using a qualitative case study approach. We identified a reciprocal social exchange process between parent mentors who provided resources and daughters who acquired the knowledge to become successors in their family firms. Significant elements in the preparation process included: positive childhood experiences, choosing and earning a relevant college degree, the daughter’s autonomous decision to enter the family firm, guided on-the-job training, and counsel and advice to overcome the crucial issues of male gender bias and the burden of childcare responsibility. The significance is highlighted of differences that exist between mothers and fathers as mentors regarding understanding the daughters’ position in the firm and communication.
根据家族企业继承和辅导文献的见解,我们研究了美国家族企业女儿作为继承人的准备过程。采用定性案例研究方法,对18名女儿及其父母导师(9名母亲和9名父亲)进行了深入访谈。我们确定了提供资源的父母导师和获得知识成为家族企业继任者的女儿之间的互惠社会交流过程。准备过程中的重要因素包括:积极的童年经历、选择并获得相关的大学学位、女儿进入家族企业的自主决定、指导性的在职培训,以及克服男性性别偏见和育儿责任负担等关键问题的咨询和建议。强调了作为导师的母亲和父亲在理解女儿在公司中的地位和沟通方面存在的差异的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF MICROCREDIT ON MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS USING THE SELF-REPORTED PERCEPTION METHOD AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS 使用自我报告感知方法和与他人关系分析小额信贷对微型企业家的社会经济影响
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500194
Ayi Ayayi, Hamitande Dout
Microcredit offers an innovative response to non-traditional financing and development needs for marginalized individuals. Here, impact assessment is very useful in that it helps to determine whether or not the objectives set at the onset are achieved and what can be done to correct the impediments to achieve better results. The paper analyzes the socio-economic effect of microcredit through the novel dual approach of self-reported perception and relationships with others. The data were gathered in collaboration with the Fonds Mauricie in November, 2019. Apart from the improvement in the financial indicators of micro-enterprises, the results show that microcredit has enhanced micro-entrepreneurs’ living conditions and family situation at rates of 88 and 91 percent, respectively. Regarding morale, 88 percent of micro-entrepreneurs report feeling better and optimistic about the future, and 92 percent report better relationships with others. In particular, the socio-economic effect of microcredit is determined by a better family situation, better living conditions and better financial situation and business income. These results imply that microfinance institutions must extend their financing to all segments of the population, especially the most vulnerable people such as immigrants and indigenous peoples.
小额信贷为边缘化个人的非传统融资和发展需求提供了创新对策。在这方面,影响评估非常有用,因为它有助于确定一开始设定的目标是否实现,以及如何纠正障碍以取得更好的结果。本文通过自我报告感知和与他人关系的双重方法分析了小额信贷的社会经济效应。这些数据是在2019年11月与Mauricie基金会合作收集的。结果显示,除了微型企业财务指标的改善外,小额信贷还分别以88%和91%的比率改善了微型企业家的生活条件和家庭状况。在士气方面,88%的微型企业家表示对未来感觉更好、乐观,92%的人表示与他人的关系更好。特别是,小额信贷的社会经济影响取决于更好的家庭状况、更好的生活条件以及更好的财务状况和商业收入。这些结果意味着小额金融机构必须将其融资范围扩大到人口的所有阶层,特别是移民和土著人民等最弱势群体。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship
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