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ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF MICROCREDIT ON MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS USING THE SELF-REPORTED PERCEPTION METHOD AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS 使用自我报告感知方法和与他人关系分析小额信贷对微型企业家的社会经济影响
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500194
Ayi Ayayi, Hamitande Dout
Microcredit offers an innovative response to non-traditional financing and development needs for marginalized individuals. Here, impact assessment is very useful in that it helps to determine whether or not the objectives set at the onset are achieved and what can be done to correct the impediments to achieve better results. The paper analyzes the socio-economic effect of microcredit through the novel dual approach of self-reported perception and relationships with others. The data were gathered in collaboration with the Fonds Mauricie in November, 2019. Apart from the improvement in the financial indicators of micro-enterprises, the results show that microcredit has enhanced micro-entrepreneurs’ living conditions and family situation at rates of 88 and 91 percent, respectively. Regarding morale, 88 percent of micro-entrepreneurs report feeling better and optimistic about the future, and 92 percent report better relationships with others. In particular, the socio-economic effect of microcredit is determined by a better family situation, better living conditions and better financial situation and business income. These results imply that microfinance institutions must extend their financing to all segments of the population, especially the most vulnerable people such as immigrants and indigenous peoples.
小额信贷为边缘化个人的非传统融资和发展需求提供了创新对策。在这方面,影响评估非常有用,因为它有助于确定一开始设定的目标是否实现,以及如何纠正障碍以取得更好的结果。本文通过自我报告感知和与他人关系的双重方法分析了小额信贷的社会经济效应。这些数据是在2019年11月与Mauricie基金会合作收集的。结果显示,除了微型企业财务指标的改善外,小额信贷还分别以88%和91%的比率改善了微型企业家的生活条件和家庭状况。在士气方面,88%的微型企业家表示对未来感觉更好、乐观,92%的人表示与他人的关系更好。特别是,小额信贷的社会经济影响取决于更好的家庭状况、更好的生活条件以及更好的财务状况和商业收入。这些结果意味着小额金融机构必须将其融资范围扩大到人口的所有阶层,特别是移民和土著人民等最弱势群体。
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引用次数: 0
RECOVERY PATHS AFTER CRISIS: RISK INTELLIGENCE AS ANTECEDENT OF ENTREPRENEURS’ RESILIENCE 危机后的复苏路径:企业家韧性的先行风险情报
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500169
P. Magnano, M. Platania, G. Santisi
In recent years, markets have been hit by various crises, both economically and naturally. These shocks have highlighted how important it is for companies to be able to adapt with resilient behaviors. Entrepreneurs and their resilience capacity will play a very important role in the recovery process. Resilience is closely linked to other abilities such as risk intelligence; that is, the ability to look at uncertainty as an opportunity rather than a disadvantage or danger. The study assesses the relationship between these two constructs using a sample of entrepreneurs in the tourism sector within Italy. Analysis confirmed a relationship between subjective risk intelligence and resilience. These relations are explained by taking into consideration four aspects (imaginative capacity, problem-solving self-efficacy, attitude toward uncertainty and emotional stress management) included in risk intelligence, highlighting which of them contributed to explaining the three dimensions of the resilience construct (hardiness, resourcefulness and optimism).
近年来,市场受到各种经济危机和自然危机的冲击。这些冲击突显出,对于企业来说,能够适应具有弹性的行为是多么重要。企业家及其恢复能力将在恢复过程中发挥非常重要的作用。弹性与风险智力等其他能力密切相关;也就是说,将不确定性视为机遇而不是劣势或危险的能力。该研究评估了这两个结构之间的关系,使用意大利旅游部门的企业家样本。分析证实了主观风险智力和恢复力之间的关系。通过考虑风险智力中包含的四个方面(想象能力、解决问题的自我效能、对不确定性的态度和情绪压力管理)来解释这些关系,并强调哪些方面有助于解释弹性结构的三个维度(坚韧、机智和乐观)。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT TO FORMALIZATION THROUGH ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM CROSS-COUNTRY DATA 金融发展通过经济增长对正规化的贡献:来自跨国数据的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500212
Aeggarchat Sirisankanan, P. Kananurak
The aim of the paper is to formulate empirical specification models to examine whether financial development stimulates economic growth and encourages formalization. Cross-country data analysis of 140 sample countries during the period from 2000 to 2018 were utilized, together with new indexes of financial development. The income decomposition method and the two-step estimation approach, together with the multiple linear regression with interactions effect, were employed as empirical methods. It was found that financial development can lower informal self-employment through economic growth. Financial development also contributes to economic growth. Therefore, development of financial markets and financial institutions should be an alternative policy to control informal employment.
本文的目的是建立实证规范模型来检验金融发展是否刺激经济增长并鼓励正规化。利用2000年至2018年140个样本国家的跨国数据分析,并采用新的金融发展指标。实证方法采用收入分解法、两步估计法以及具有交互效应的多元线性回归。研究发现,金融发展可以通过经济增长降低非正规个体就业。金融发展也有助于经济增长。因此,发展金融市场和金融机构应成为控制非正规就业的备选政策。
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引用次数: 0
NECESSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IS NOT SURVIVAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 必需品创业不是生存创业
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722010038
Michael H. Morris
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF EFFECTUATION PRINCIPLES ON OPPORTUNITY EXPLOITATION BY ENTREPRENEURS IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY 发展中经济体中执行原则对企业家机会利用的影响
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500224
F. Pacho
This study aims to explore the direct effect of effectual means (who I am, who I know, what I have) on the successful exploitation of opportunity by new ventures. Resource acquisition and strategy implementation ability are employed as indicators of opportunity exploitation. We also examine the mediating role of particular, effectual principles on the relationship between effectual means and opportunity exploitation. A total of 462 owners of early-stage small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania were surveyed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression were used to test a set of hypotheses. The results demonstrate that effectual means positively affected both resource acquisition ability and strategy implementation ability. Mediation effects differed based on the type of effectual means and different elements comprising opportunity exploitation. Implications are drawn from the results for theory and practice.
本研究旨在探讨有效手段(我是谁,我知道谁,我拥有什么)对新企业成功利用机会的直接影响。资源获取和战略执行能力被用作机会开发的指标。我们还考察了特定的、有效的原则在有效手段和机会利用之间的关系中的中介作用。坦桑尼亚共有462家早期中小企业的所有者接受了调查。结构方程建模(SEM)和层次回归用于检验一组假设。结果表明,有效手段对资源获取能力和战略实施能力都有正向影响。调解效果因有效手段的类型和包括机会利用在内的不同要素而异。研究结果对理论和实践都有启示。
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF MOBILE MONEY ON FIRM PRODUCTIVITY IN AFRICA: A COMPARISON OF THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS 评估流动货币对非洲企业生产率的影响:正规和非正规部门的比较
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500091
Christian Kabengele, Jakob Roessling
We explore the relationship between firms’ mobile money use and their productivity using a sample of 994 formal and 1,499 informal, predominantly micro-, small- and medium firms from Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Our findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between mobile money use and labor productivity for informal firms. The effect also appears to be stronger for female-led than for male-led informal firms, suggesting that mobile money could be a valuable tool to promote gender equity in Africa’s informal sector. In contrast, for formal firms, the effect vanishes once all relevant controls are accounted for. Thus, for formal firms, mobile money may be insufficient to overcome the impediments of their business environments in Africa. Further, a complementary fsQCA reveals configurations of conditions that appear important for informal firms to truly benefit from the productivity enhancing potential of mobile money. The combination of founders’ education, firms’ location, their sector and their use of traditional bank accounts appear particularly crucial. The fsQCA findings give additional nuance to our regression results. Overall, our findings suggest that firms more exposed to transaction costs benefit more from mobile money.
我们使用来自赞比亚、莫桑比克和津巴布韦的994家正规和1499家非正规企业(主要是微型、小型和中型企业)的样本,探讨了企业的移动资金使用与其生产力之间的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了非正规企业的移动货币使用与劳动生产率之间存在积极且具有统计学意义的关系。女性主导的非正规企业的影响似乎也比男性主导的非官方企业更强,这表明移动货币可能是促进非洲非正规部门性别平等的宝贵工具。相比之下,对于正规企业来说,一旦考虑到所有相关控制,这种影响就会消失。因此,对于正规公司来说,移动货币可能不足以克服其在非洲商业环境的障碍。此外,补充的fsQCA揭示了非正规企业真正受益于移动货币提高生产力潜力的重要条件配置。创始人的教育程度、公司的位置、所属行业以及他们对传统银行账户的使用似乎尤为重要。fsQCA的发现为我们的回归结果提供了额外的细微差别。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,更容易受到交易成本影响的公司从移动货币中受益更多。
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引用次数: 1
OVERCOMING THE LIABILITY OF POORNESS: SOCIAL CAPITAL RESOURCES OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA 克服贫穷的责任:印度女企业家的社会资本资源
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500145
S. Trivedi, Monica M. Sharif
This paper seeks to use social capital theory to explain how impoverished women may find success and lift themselves out of poverty. The research addresses three unique, significant areas of study. First, by reviewing relevant theory and research on livelihood creation and social networks, a new lens for examining social capital in the context of poverty is provided. Second, a model is tested examining the role of an entrepreneur’s social capital resources on the development of their own livelihood creation and the consequential changes in the entrepreneur’s lifestyle. The research finds that weak social network ties are positively related to livelihood creation, with counter-intuitive results regarding lifestyle changes in response to the changes in livelihood creation. Third, the above model is applied to female entrepreneurs, utilizing a sample of women associated with SEWA (Self-Employed Women’s Association), a network broker and business incubator trade union working in impoverished communities in and around Ahmedabad, Gujarat, in India.
本文试图用社会资本理论来解释贫困妇女如何获得成功并摆脱贫困。这项研究涉及三个独特而重要的研究领域。首先,通过回顾生计创造和社会网络的相关理论和研究,为在贫困背景下审视社会资本提供了一个新的视角。其次,对一个模型进行了检验,考察了企业家的社会资本资源在他们自己创造生计的发展中的作用,以及企业家生活方式的相应变化。研究发现,薄弱的社会网络联系与生计创造呈正相关,而生活方式的改变则与生计创造的变化相反。第三,将上述模式应用于女性企业家,利用了与SEWA(自营职业妇女协会)相关的女性样本,SEWA是一个在印度古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德及其周边贫困社区工作的网络经纪人和企业孵化器工会。
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引用次数: 0
OPPORTUNITY ALERTNESS, RISK-TAKING AND DIVERSIFICATION BY SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED FARMERS 中小农户的机会警觉性、冒险精神和多样化
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500157
Marcelo Calle, Adam Watson, John Lai, W. Porter
In many developed economies, the struggle to survive finds many small farms disappearing. Diversification is recognized as an important strategy for sustaining farms of this scale, addressing food security issues and creating a more resilient food system. This study aims to analyze farmers’ intentions to diversify into new business opportunities and how opportunity alertness and risk-taking propensity affect their intentions. These relationships are examined using data collected from 166 small and medium-sized farmers in five regions within Florida. The results indicate that for small and medium-sized farmers, opportunity alertness and risk-taking propensity have a positive effect on diversification intentions across seven different types of activities. Implications are drawn for theory and practice.
在许多发达经济体,生存之争导致许多小农场消失。多样化被认为是维持这种规模农场、解决粮食安全问题和建立更具弹性的粮食系统的重要战略。本研究旨在分析农民多样化获得新商机的意图,以及机会警觉性和冒险倾向如何影响他们的意图。这些关系是利用从佛罗里达州五个地区的166名中小型农民那里收集的数据进行研究的。结果表明,对于中小型农民来说,机会警觉性和冒险倾向对七种不同类型活动的多样化意图有积极影响。对理论和实践都有启示。
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引用次数: 1
A POTENTIAL FLAW IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH FINDINGS 创业研究发现的一个潜在缺陷
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722010026
Michael H. Morris
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引用次数: 0
CONSTRAINED POTENTIAL: A CHARACTERIZATION OF MEXICAN MICROENTERPRISES 潜力受限:墨西哥微型企业的特征
IF 0.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1142/s108494672250011x
A. Negrete
Firm-level data spanning from 1994 to 2012 is used to investigate the apparent stagnation of Mexican microenterprises. The existence and nature of constraints are studied by estimating the empirical probability of a business’s success. A performance index is defined based on firm levels of capital stock and monthly profits. The predicted values are used to classify all microenterprises into one of three categories: upper, middle, or lower segment. Overall, the study identifies evidence of constrained productivity and capital misallocation, as well as the plausibility of cost-effective interventions. Specifically, microenterprises from the middle segment face substantial external constraints and their total share increased from 16 to 22 percent over time. The monthly marginal returns average 30 percent across lower-segment firms and 1 percent across those in the upper segment. Finally, the differences in monthly profits among segments are explored using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method.
1994年至2012年的公司层面数据用于调查墨西哥微型企业的明显停滞。通过估计企业成功的经验概率来研究约束的存在性和性质。绩效指数是根据公司的股本水平和月度利润来定义的。预测值用于将所有微型企业分为三类:上段、中段或下段。总体而言,该研究确定了生产力受限和资本错配的证据,以及成本效益高的干预措施的合理性。具体而言,来自中间阶层的微型企业面临着巨大的外部制约,其总份额随着时间的推移从16%增加到22%。较低细分市场公司的月边际回报率平均为30%,较高细分市场公司为1%。最后,使用瓦哈卡-布林德分解方法探讨了各细分市场月度利润的差异。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship
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