Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500169
P. Magnano, M. Platania, G. Santisi
In recent years, markets have been hit by various crises, both economically and naturally. These shocks have highlighted how important it is for companies to be able to adapt with resilient behaviors. Entrepreneurs and their resilience capacity will play a very important role in the recovery process. Resilience is closely linked to other abilities such as risk intelligence; that is, the ability to look at uncertainty as an opportunity rather than a disadvantage or danger. The study assesses the relationship between these two constructs using a sample of entrepreneurs in the tourism sector within Italy. Analysis confirmed a relationship between subjective risk intelligence and resilience. These relations are explained by taking into consideration four aspects (imaginative capacity, problem-solving self-efficacy, attitude toward uncertainty and emotional stress management) included in risk intelligence, highlighting which of them contributed to explaining the three dimensions of the resilience construct (hardiness, resourcefulness and optimism).
{"title":"RECOVERY PATHS AFTER CRISIS: RISK INTELLIGENCE AS ANTECEDENT OF ENTREPRENEURS’ RESILIENCE","authors":"P. Magnano, M. Platania, G. Santisi","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500169","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, markets have been hit by various crises, both economically and naturally. These shocks have highlighted how important it is for companies to be able to adapt with resilient behaviors. Entrepreneurs and their resilience capacity will play a very important role in the recovery process. Resilience is closely linked to other abilities such as risk intelligence; that is, the ability to look at uncertainty as an opportunity rather than a disadvantage or danger. The study assesses the relationship between these two constructs using a sample of entrepreneurs in the tourism sector within Italy. Analysis confirmed a relationship between subjective risk intelligence and resilience. These relations are explained by taking into consideration four aspects (imaginative capacity, problem-solving self-efficacy, attitude toward uncertainty and emotional stress management) included in risk intelligence, highlighting which of them contributed to explaining the three dimensions of the resilience construct (hardiness, resourcefulness and optimism).","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63959832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500212
Aeggarchat Sirisankanan, P. Kananurak
The aim of the paper is to formulate empirical specification models to examine whether financial development stimulates economic growth and encourages formalization. Cross-country data analysis of 140 sample countries during the period from 2000 to 2018 were utilized, together with new indexes of financial development. The income decomposition method and the two-step estimation approach, together with the multiple linear regression with interactions effect, were employed as empirical methods. It was found that financial development can lower informal self-employment through economic growth. Financial development also contributes to economic growth. Therefore, development of financial markets and financial institutions should be an alternative policy to control informal employment.
{"title":"THE CONTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT TO FORMALIZATION THROUGH ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM CROSS-COUNTRY DATA","authors":"Aeggarchat Sirisankanan, P. Kananurak","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500212","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to formulate empirical specification models to examine whether financial development stimulates economic growth and encourages formalization. Cross-country data analysis of 140 sample countries during the period from 2000 to 2018 were utilized, together with new indexes of financial development. The income decomposition method and the two-step estimation approach, together with the multiple linear regression with interactions effect, were employed as empirical methods. It was found that financial development can lower informal self-employment through economic growth. Financial development also contributes to economic growth. Therefore, development of financial markets and financial institutions should be an alternative policy to control informal employment.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44108804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722010038
Michael H. Morris
{"title":"NECESSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IS NOT SURVIVAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP","authors":"Michael H. Morris","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722010038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722010038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44538093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500224
F. Pacho
This study aims to explore the direct effect of effectual means (who I am, who I know, what I have) on the successful exploitation of opportunity by new ventures. Resource acquisition and strategy implementation ability are employed as indicators of opportunity exploitation. We also examine the mediating role of particular, effectual principles on the relationship between effectual means and opportunity exploitation. A total of 462 owners of early-stage small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania were surveyed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression were used to test a set of hypotheses. The results demonstrate that effectual means positively affected both resource acquisition ability and strategy implementation ability. Mediation effects differed based on the type of effectual means and different elements comprising opportunity exploitation. Implications are drawn from the results for theory and practice.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF EFFECTUATION PRINCIPLES ON OPPORTUNITY EXPLOITATION BY ENTREPRENEURS IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY","authors":"F. Pacho","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500224","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the direct effect of effectual means (who I am, who I know, what I have) on the successful exploitation of opportunity by new ventures. Resource acquisition and strategy implementation ability are employed as indicators of opportunity exploitation. We also examine the mediating role of particular, effectual principles on the relationship between effectual means and opportunity exploitation. A total of 462 owners of early-stage small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania were surveyed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression were used to test a set of hypotheses. The results demonstrate that effectual means positively affected both resource acquisition ability and strategy implementation ability. Mediation effects differed based on the type of effectual means and different elements comprising opportunity exploitation. Implications are drawn from the results for theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500091
Christian Kabengele, Jakob Roessling
We explore the relationship between firms’ mobile money use and their productivity using a sample of 994 formal and 1,499 informal, predominantly micro-, small- and medium firms from Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Our findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between mobile money use and labor productivity for informal firms. The effect also appears to be stronger for female-led than for male-led informal firms, suggesting that mobile money could be a valuable tool to promote gender equity in Africa’s informal sector. In contrast, for formal firms, the effect vanishes once all relevant controls are accounted for. Thus, for formal firms, mobile money may be insufficient to overcome the impediments of their business environments in Africa. Further, a complementary fsQCA reveals configurations of conditions that appear important for informal firms to truly benefit from the productivity enhancing potential of mobile money. The combination of founders’ education, firms’ location, their sector and their use of traditional bank accounts appear particularly crucial. The fsQCA findings give additional nuance to our regression results. Overall, our findings suggest that firms more exposed to transaction costs benefit more from mobile money.
{"title":"EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF MOBILE MONEY ON FIRM PRODUCTIVITY IN AFRICA: A COMPARISON OF THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS","authors":"Christian Kabengele, Jakob Roessling","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500091","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the relationship between firms’ mobile money use and their productivity using a sample of 994 formal and 1,499 informal, predominantly micro-, small- and medium firms from Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Our findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between mobile money use and labor productivity for informal firms. The effect also appears to be stronger for female-led than for male-led informal firms, suggesting that mobile money could be a valuable tool to promote gender equity in Africa’s informal sector. In contrast, for formal firms, the effect vanishes once all relevant controls are accounted for. Thus, for formal firms, mobile money may be insufficient to overcome the impediments of their business environments in Africa. Further, a complementary fsQCA reveals configurations of conditions that appear important for informal firms to truly benefit from the productivity enhancing potential of mobile money. The combination of founders’ education, firms’ location, their sector and their use of traditional bank accounts appear particularly crucial. The fsQCA findings give additional nuance to our regression results. Overall, our findings suggest that firms more exposed to transaction costs benefit more from mobile money.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500145
S. Trivedi, Monica M. Sharif
This paper seeks to use social capital theory to explain how impoverished women may find success and lift themselves out of poverty. The research addresses three unique, significant areas of study. First, by reviewing relevant theory and research on livelihood creation and social networks, a new lens for examining social capital in the context of poverty is provided. Second, a model is tested examining the role of an entrepreneur’s social capital resources on the development of their own livelihood creation and the consequential changes in the entrepreneur’s lifestyle. The research finds that weak social network ties are positively related to livelihood creation, with counter-intuitive results regarding lifestyle changes in response to the changes in livelihood creation. Third, the above model is applied to female entrepreneurs, utilizing a sample of women associated with SEWA (Self-Employed Women’s Association), a network broker and business incubator trade union working in impoverished communities in and around Ahmedabad, Gujarat, in India.
{"title":"OVERCOMING THE LIABILITY OF POORNESS: SOCIAL CAPITAL RESOURCES OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA","authors":"S. Trivedi, Monica M. Sharif","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500145","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to use social capital theory to explain how impoverished women may find success and lift themselves out of poverty. The research addresses three unique, significant areas of study. First, by reviewing relevant theory and research on livelihood creation and social networks, a new lens for examining social capital in the context of poverty is provided. Second, a model is tested examining the role of an entrepreneur’s social capital resources on the development of their own livelihood creation and the consequential changes in the entrepreneur’s lifestyle. The research finds that weak social network ties are positively related to livelihood creation, with counter-intuitive results regarding lifestyle changes in response to the changes in livelihood creation. Third, the above model is applied to female entrepreneurs, utilizing a sample of women associated with SEWA (Self-Employed Women’s Association), a network broker and business incubator trade union working in impoverished communities in and around Ahmedabad, Gujarat, in India.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42619453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500157
Marcelo Calle, Adam Watson, John Lai, W. Porter
In many developed economies, the struggle to survive finds many small farms disappearing. Diversification is recognized as an important strategy for sustaining farms of this scale, addressing food security issues and creating a more resilient food system. This study aims to analyze farmers’ intentions to diversify into new business opportunities and how opportunity alertness and risk-taking propensity affect their intentions. These relationships are examined using data collected from 166 small and medium-sized farmers in five regions within Florida. The results indicate that for small and medium-sized farmers, opportunity alertness and risk-taking propensity have a positive effect on diversification intentions across seven different types of activities. Implications are drawn for theory and practice.
{"title":"OPPORTUNITY ALERTNESS, RISK-TAKING AND DIVERSIFICATION BY SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED FARMERS","authors":"Marcelo Calle, Adam Watson, John Lai, W. Porter","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500157","url":null,"abstract":"In many developed economies, the struggle to survive finds many small farms disappearing. Diversification is recognized as an important strategy for sustaining farms of this scale, addressing food security issues and creating a more resilient food system. This study aims to analyze farmers’ intentions to diversify into new business opportunities and how opportunity alertness and risk-taking propensity affect their intentions. These relationships are examined using data collected from 166 small and medium-sized farmers in five regions within Florida. The results indicate that for small and medium-sized farmers, opportunity alertness and risk-taking propensity have a positive effect on diversification intentions across seven different types of activities. Implications are drawn for theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44078175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722010026
Michael H. Morris
{"title":"A POTENTIAL FLAW IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH FINDINGS","authors":"Michael H. Morris","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722010026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s108494672250011x
A. Negrete
Firm-level data spanning from 1994 to 2012 is used to investigate the apparent stagnation of Mexican microenterprises. The existence and nature of constraints are studied by estimating the empirical probability of a business’s success. A performance index is defined based on firm levels of capital stock and monthly profits. The predicted values are used to classify all microenterprises into one of three categories: upper, middle, or lower segment. Overall, the study identifies evidence of constrained productivity and capital misallocation, as well as the plausibility of cost-effective interventions. Specifically, microenterprises from the middle segment face substantial external constraints and their total share increased from 16 to 22 percent over time. The monthly marginal returns average 30 percent across lower-segment firms and 1 percent across those in the upper segment. Finally, the differences in monthly profits among segments are explored using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method.
{"title":"CONSTRAINED POTENTIAL: A CHARACTERIZATION OF MEXICAN MICROENTERPRISES","authors":"A. Negrete","doi":"10.1142/s108494672250011x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s108494672250011x","url":null,"abstract":"Firm-level data spanning from 1994 to 2012 is used to investigate the apparent stagnation of Mexican microenterprises. The existence and nature of constraints are studied by estimating the empirical probability of a business’s success. A performance index is defined based on firm levels of capital stock and monthly profits. The predicted values are used to classify all microenterprises into one of three categories: upper, middle, or lower segment. Overall, the study identifies evidence of constrained productivity and capital misallocation, as well as the plausibility of cost-effective interventions. Specifically, microenterprises from the middle segment face substantial external constraints and their total share increased from 16 to 22 percent over time. The monthly marginal returns average 30 percent across lower-segment firms and 1 percent across those in the upper segment. Finally, the differences in monthly profits among segments are explored using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500133
Aasheerwad Dwivedi, A. Dubey
For much of the twentieth century the predominant belief was that informal entrepreneurship would disappear with higher rates of economic growth. However, the informal sector has persisted in most countries and has grown in some, which calls for a re-evaluation of the existing notions of informal entrepreneurship. An important strand of literature in the form of structuralist and neo-liberal theory provides an alternative explanation. We use the coagglomeration framework to understand the relevance of these theories in the case of India. Using firm-level data, we use the Coagglomeration index to calculate the tendency of formal and informal firms to locate in the same region. We also calculate three types of linkages between formal and informal sectors: buyer-supplier, labor and technology. Further, we use panel data to estimate the relative importance of these linkages in explaining coagglomeration between formal and informal manufacturing firms. We find that coagglomeration in India is driven by buyer-supplier linkage. We then use count data models to determine the effect of coagglomeration and agglomeration measures on new firm birth in the formal and informal sector. We find that coagglomeration positively affects new firm birth in the formal sector but not in the informal sector. The evidence provided in the paper supports the structuralist theory.
{"title":"COAGGLOMERATION AND NEW ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM FORMAL AND INFORMAL MANUFACTURING FIRMS","authors":"Aasheerwad Dwivedi, A. Dubey","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500133","url":null,"abstract":"For much of the twentieth century the predominant belief was that informal entrepreneurship would disappear with higher rates of economic growth. However, the informal sector has persisted in most countries and has grown in some, which calls for a re-evaluation of the existing notions of informal entrepreneurship. An important strand of literature in the form of structuralist and neo-liberal theory provides an alternative explanation. We use the coagglomeration framework to understand the relevance of these theories in the case of India. Using firm-level data, we use the Coagglomeration index to calculate the tendency of formal and informal firms to locate in the same region. We also calculate three types of linkages between formal and informal sectors: buyer-supplier, labor and technology. Further, we use panel data to estimate the relative importance of these linkages in explaining coagglomeration between formal and informal manufacturing firms. We find that coagglomeration in India is driven by buyer-supplier linkage. We then use count data models to determine the effect of coagglomeration and agglomeration measures on new firm birth in the formal and informal sector. We find that coagglomeration positively affects new firm birth in the formal sector but not in the informal sector. The evidence provided in the paper supports the structuralist theory.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42042748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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