Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500133
Aasheerwad Dwivedi, A. Dubey
For much of the twentieth century the predominant belief was that informal entrepreneurship would disappear with higher rates of economic growth. However, the informal sector has persisted in most countries and has grown in some, which calls for a re-evaluation of the existing notions of informal entrepreneurship. An important strand of literature in the form of structuralist and neo-liberal theory provides an alternative explanation. We use the coagglomeration framework to understand the relevance of these theories in the case of India. Using firm-level data, we use the Coagglomeration index to calculate the tendency of formal and informal firms to locate in the same region. We also calculate three types of linkages between formal and informal sectors: buyer-supplier, labor and technology. Further, we use panel data to estimate the relative importance of these linkages in explaining coagglomeration between formal and informal manufacturing firms. We find that coagglomeration in India is driven by buyer-supplier linkage. We then use count data models to determine the effect of coagglomeration and agglomeration measures on new firm birth in the formal and informal sector. We find that coagglomeration positively affects new firm birth in the formal sector but not in the informal sector. The evidence provided in the paper supports the structuralist theory.
{"title":"COAGGLOMERATION AND NEW ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM FORMAL AND INFORMAL MANUFACTURING FIRMS","authors":"Aasheerwad Dwivedi, A. Dubey","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500133","url":null,"abstract":"For much of the twentieth century the predominant belief was that informal entrepreneurship would disappear with higher rates of economic growth. However, the informal sector has persisted in most countries and has grown in some, which calls for a re-evaluation of the existing notions of informal entrepreneurship. An important strand of literature in the form of structuralist and neo-liberal theory provides an alternative explanation. We use the coagglomeration framework to understand the relevance of these theories in the case of India. Using firm-level data, we use the Coagglomeration index to calculate the tendency of formal and informal firms to locate in the same region. We also calculate three types of linkages between formal and informal sectors: buyer-supplier, labor and technology. Further, we use panel data to estimate the relative importance of these linkages in explaining coagglomeration between formal and informal manufacturing firms. We find that coagglomeration in India is driven by buyer-supplier linkage. We then use count data models to determine the effect of coagglomeration and agglomeration measures on new firm birth in the formal and informal sector. We find that coagglomeration positively affects new firm birth in the formal sector but not in the informal sector. The evidence provided in the paper supports the structuralist theory.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42042748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500108
Gloria L. Sweida, C. Sherman, C. W. Duranso, Robyn A. Berkley
Female entrepreneurs have moved into all industry sectors in recent years; yet most start businesses in only a few of these sectors, such as education and healthcare. We argue this is, at least in part, because gender role stereotypes permeate self-concepts and behaviors very early in life. Therefore, when children engage in entrepreneurial activities (which we term ‘childpreneurship’), they choose activities that match their gender role (much like adults), thereby reinforcing gender roles that later influence their adult entrepreneurial and occupational choices. We examine the mediating force of gendered childpreneur activities on the relationship between gender and adult entrepreneurial industry preference. We also examine the moderating effect of the quantity of childpreneur activities on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial intention. A cross-sectional survey study of over 900 U.S. college students and working adults reveals that men and women report a stronger preference to start a business in gender-congruent industries. For men, engagement in male-typed childpreneur activities partially mediates this relationship. In general, the number of childpreneur activities is positively related to adult entrepreneurial intentions. More specifically, gender-neutral childpreneur activities are positively associated with women’s adult entrepreneurial intentions. Our study expands knowledge of distal factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and industry preference.
{"title":"LAWNS AND LEMONADE: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDERED CHILDPRENEUR ACTIVITIES, ADULT ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AND INDUSTRY PREFERENCE","authors":"Gloria L. Sweida, C. Sherman, C. W. Duranso, Robyn A. Berkley","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500108","url":null,"abstract":"Female entrepreneurs have moved into all industry sectors in recent years; yet most start businesses in only a few of these sectors, such as education and healthcare. We argue this is, at least in part, because gender role stereotypes permeate self-concepts and behaviors very early in life. Therefore, when children engage in entrepreneurial activities (which we term ‘childpreneurship’), they choose activities that match their gender role (much like adults), thereby reinforcing gender roles that later influence their adult entrepreneurial and occupational choices. We examine the mediating force of gendered childpreneur activities on the relationship between gender and adult entrepreneurial industry preference. We also examine the moderating effect of the quantity of childpreneur activities on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial intention. A cross-sectional survey study of over 900 U.S. college students and working adults reveals that men and women report a stronger preference to start a business in gender-congruent industries. For men, engagement in male-typed childpreneur activities partially mediates this relationship. In general, the number of childpreneur activities is positively related to adult entrepreneurial intentions. More specifically, gender-neutral childpreneur activities are positively associated with women’s adult entrepreneurial intentions. Our study expands knowledge of distal factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and industry preference.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48621333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500121
Antonio Baez‐Morales, A. Negrete
Efficiency is a crucial determinant of economic development, especially among microenterprises, which tend to be the prevalent economic units. This article estimates the efficiency of both formal and informal microenterprises in Mexico in the context of NAFTA (North American Free Trade). The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method is used to explain the factors behind the observed differences. Additionally, a detailed analysis with a decomposition by quantiles is provided. Formal microenterprises are found to be more efficient than their informal counterparts, with a narrow difference in 1994 widening by 2012. At the same time, the efficiency level declined for both groups of microenterprises over time. Two main conclusions are derived. First, microenterprise size distribution and the characteristics of the private sector influence the success of trade liberalization policies. Second, the overall decrease in efficiency, regardless of whether microenterprises are formal or informal, supports recent studies suggesting that economic, institutional and social constraints limit firm performance.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY DIVERGENCE BETWEEN FORMAL AND NFORMAL MICROENTERPRISES DURING THE TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF MEXICO","authors":"Antonio Baez‐Morales, A. Negrete","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500121","url":null,"abstract":"Efficiency is a crucial determinant of economic development, especially among microenterprises, which tend to be the prevalent economic units. This article estimates the efficiency of both formal and informal microenterprises in Mexico in the context of NAFTA (North American Free Trade). The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method is used to explain the factors behind the observed differences. Additionally, a detailed analysis with a decomposition by quantiles is provided. Formal microenterprises are found to be more efficient than their informal counterparts, with a narrow difference in 1994 widening by 2012. At the same time, the efficiency level declined for both groups of microenterprises over time. Two main conclusions are derived. First, microenterprise size distribution and the characteristics of the private sector influence the success of trade liberalization policies. Second, the overall decrease in efficiency, regardless of whether microenterprises are formal or informal, supports recent studies suggesting that economic, institutional and social constraints limit firm performance.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48901055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500017
Samsidine Aidara, A. Al mamun, Noorul Azwin Md Nasir, M. Mohiuddin
This study empirically investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and sustainability performance. It also explores the direct effects of financial capital, human capital, social capital, government support and business environment on sustainability performance of micro-enterprises operating in the informal sector. The study is conducted within the context of Senegal and through the lens of resource-based view theory. Employing a cross-sectional design, data is collected from randomly selected micro and small entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector. The outcomes include a positive effect of opportunity recognition competency, commitment competency and government support on the sustainability performance of micro-enterprises. An Importance Performance Matrix analysis indicates that these factors are the most important factors determining sustainability performance of micro-enterprises within the context of the informal sector. The findings extend the scope of RBV while simultaneously enhancing the knowledge and understanding pertaining to the interplay of entrepreneurial competencies and sustainability performance, particularly for small business operators in the informal sector. Implications are drawn to theory development, practice and public policy.
{"title":"SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE OF INFORMAL MICRO-ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF SENEGAL","authors":"Samsidine Aidara, A. Al mamun, Noorul Azwin Md Nasir, M. Mohiuddin","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500017","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and sustainability performance. It also explores the direct effects of financial capital, human capital, social capital, government support and business environment on sustainability performance of micro-enterprises operating in the informal sector. The study is conducted within the context of Senegal and through the lens of resource-based view theory. Employing a cross-sectional design, data is collected from randomly selected micro and small entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector. The outcomes include a positive effect of opportunity recognition competency, commitment competency and government support on the sustainability performance of micro-enterprises. An Importance Performance Matrix analysis indicates that these factors are the most important factors determining sustainability performance of micro-enterprises within the context of the informal sector. The findings extend the scope of RBV while simultaneously enhancing the knowledge and understanding pertaining to the interplay of entrepreneurial competencies and sustainability performance, particularly for small business operators in the informal sector. Implications are drawn to theory development, practice and public policy.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41575915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500054
Varuna Agarwala, Sudarshan Maity, T. N. Sahu
Improved access to credit influences socio-economic growth. Accordingly, financial support schemes have been used widely as a development tool to help underserved individuals grow and elevate themselves out of poverty. Uplifting women, who are subject to unfair treatment because of gender biases, have been a major target of these programs. Therefore, the present study examines one such government microcredit scheme, the Mudra Yojana, which supports individuals financially to start an enterprise or expand the existing one by providing collateral-free loans. Further, it encourages female participants by charging lower interest rates. The present study, based on 417 female beneficiaries from the tribal districts of West Bengal, India, investigates how financial support has benefitted women in their socio-economic growth. It evaluates the scheme’s effect based on women’s employability and empowerment level. To analyze the data, the study employs ordered logistic regression, Wilcoxon Sign test, effect size, etc. The results suggest micro-credit through Mudra Yojana encourages female entrepreneurship, raises earnings and employability, and thereby empowers them financially, socially, psychologically and in the political arena. The findings of these studies reinforce the fact women could be “active agents of change” and play an important role in both the family and society.
{"title":"FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP, EMPLOYABILITY AND EMPOWERMENT: IMPACT OF THE MUDRA LOAN SCHEME","authors":"Varuna Agarwala, Sudarshan Maity, T. N. Sahu","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500054","url":null,"abstract":"Improved access to credit influences socio-economic growth. Accordingly, financial support schemes have been used widely as a development tool to help underserved individuals grow and elevate themselves out of poverty. Uplifting women, who are subject to unfair treatment because of gender biases, have been a major target of these programs. Therefore, the present study examines one such government microcredit scheme, the Mudra Yojana, which supports individuals financially to start an enterprise or expand the existing one by providing collateral-free loans. Further, it encourages female participants by charging lower interest rates. The present study, based on 417 female beneficiaries from the tribal districts of West Bengal, India, investigates how financial support has benefitted women in their socio-economic growth. It evaluates the scheme’s effect based on women’s employability and empowerment level. To analyze the data, the study employs ordered logistic regression, Wilcoxon Sign test, effect size, etc. The results suggest micro-credit through Mudra Yojana encourages female entrepreneurship, raises earnings and employability, and thereby empowers them financially, socially, psychologically and in the political arena. The findings of these studies reinforce the fact women could be “active agents of change” and play an important role in both the family and society.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44432783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722010014
Michael H. Morris
{"title":"WHY IT IS NOT ABOUT INTENTIONS","authors":"Michael H. Morris","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722010014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44606226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500078
Junmin Wang, C. Reilly, K. Fatema
The benefits of female leaders in economic organizations increasingly are being reported. A large body of empirical studies focuses on the differences between female and male leaders regarding their personality characteristics, social skills and leadership styles. The existing literature pays insufficient attention to the institutional, cultural and organizational contexts that predetermine the mechanisms of shaping the leadership-performance linkage. By analyzing a national sample of Chinese private companies, we offer evidence for female CEOs’ heightened innovativeness compared to male CEOs. We suggest that organizational bias in selecting leadership and discrimination practices compel female CEOs to develop and utilize innovative capacities. A firm’s institutional environment moderates the positive role of female CEOs on firm innovativeness. The positive effects of female CEOs in promoting firm innovativeness are more potent in regions with lower GDP levels and less government support, where discriminations against women are more pervasive and deep-seated.
{"title":"GENDER BIAS, INSTITUTIONAL PREDICAMENTS AND INNOVATIVENESS OF FEMALE CEOS IN CHINA","authors":"Junmin Wang, C. Reilly, K. Fatema","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500078","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of female leaders in economic organizations increasingly are being reported. A large body of empirical studies focuses on the differences between female and male leaders regarding their personality characteristics, social skills and leadership styles. The existing literature pays insufficient attention to the institutional, cultural and organizational contexts that predetermine the mechanisms of shaping the leadership-performance linkage. By analyzing a national sample of Chinese private companies, we offer evidence for female CEOs’ heightened innovativeness compared to male CEOs. We suggest that organizational bias in selecting leadership and discrimination practices compel female CEOs to develop and utilize innovative capacities. A firm’s institutional environment moderates the positive role of female CEOs on firm innovativeness. The positive effects of female CEOs in promoting firm innovativeness are more potent in regions with lower GDP levels and less government support, where discriminations against women are more pervasive and deep-seated.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46665682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500066
Arthur Sserwanga, Rebecca I. Kiconco, Ester Agasha, Brenda Kyomuhendo
It often has been argued that entrepreneurs in developing countries can be classified as either “survival” or “growth-oriented.” However, there is little systematic knowledge about the classification of entrepreneurs and their predictors in developing countries. Recently, scholars have distinguished high potential entrepreneurs from low potential entrepreneurs, given that high potential entrepreneurs recognize and effectively exploit opportunities. In Uganda, high potential entrepreneurs have access to more resources than low potential entrepreneurs. However, the literature does not clarify whether access to resources influences entrepreneurship classifications, especially in a developing country context. We surveyed more than 700 entrepreneurs in Uganda to establish how resources influence entrepreneurship classification. In this paper, we attempt to investigate how psychology and other human and social resources influence forms of entrepreneurship.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF NON-FINANCIAL RESOURCES ON HIGH POTENTIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UGANDA","authors":"Arthur Sserwanga, Rebecca I. Kiconco, Ester Agasha, Brenda Kyomuhendo","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500066","url":null,"abstract":"It often has been argued that entrepreneurs in developing countries can be classified as either “survival” or “growth-oriented.” However, there is little systematic knowledge about the classification of entrepreneurs and their predictors in developing countries. Recently, scholars have distinguished high potential entrepreneurs from low potential entrepreneurs, given that high potential entrepreneurs recognize and effectively exploit opportunities. In Uganda, high potential entrepreneurs have access to more resources than low potential entrepreneurs. However, the literature does not clarify whether access to resources influences entrepreneurship classifications, especially in a developing country context. We surveyed more than 700 entrepreneurs in Uganda to establish how resources influence entrepreneurship classification. In this paper, we attempt to investigate how psychology and other human and social resources influence forms of entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47668837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500029
Draško Veselinovič, Jasna Auer Antoncic, B. Antoncic, Dalma Lorena Grbec
In most developing countries, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an essential segment of the economic composition and crucial players for fostering innovation, growth and prosperity. Despite wide agreement among researchers in entrepreneurship and SME management that entrepreneurial and general self-efficacy can positively impact business formation and growth, one aspect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, i.e., financial self-efficacy, has not been linked to SME performance in terms of SME profitability and growth, or satisfaction of the entrepreneur with their company. This study fills this research gap by uncovering new knowledge about the relationship between the financial self-efficacy of the entrepreneur and elements of SME performance. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire in one European country. Hypotheses were conceptually developed and checked using regression analysis. The results of this research reveal new knowledge about the relationship between financial self-efficacy and performance. The entrepreneur’s financial self-efficacy can matter for the profitability of SMEs, as well as for the growth and satisfaction of micro-SMEs and certain differently defined groups of entrepreneurs or companies.
{"title":"FINANCIAL SELF-EFFICACY OF ENTREPRENEURS AND PERFORMANCE","authors":"Draško Veselinovič, Jasna Auer Antoncic, B. Antoncic, Dalma Lorena Grbec","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500029","url":null,"abstract":"In most developing countries, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an essential segment of the economic composition and crucial players for fostering innovation, growth and prosperity. Despite wide agreement among researchers in entrepreneurship and SME management that entrepreneurial and general self-efficacy can positively impact business formation and growth, one aspect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, i.e., financial self-efficacy, has not been linked to SME performance in terms of SME profitability and growth, or satisfaction of the entrepreneur with their company. This study fills this research gap by uncovering new knowledge about the relationship between the financial self-efficacy of the entrepreneur and elements of SME performance. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire in one European country. Hypotheses were conceptually developed and checked using regression analysis. The results of this research reveal new knowledge about the relationship between financial self-efficacy and performance. The entrepreneur’s financial self-efficacy can matter for the profitability of SMEs, as well as for the growth and satisfaction of micro-SMEs and certain differently defined groups of entrepreneurs or companies.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42032777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1142/s1084946722500030
C. Eresia-Eke, Chijioke Okerue
This study explores the relationships that human, economic and social capital may have with the creation of employment in small businesses that belong to African immigrants. Based on a cross-country approach, the study utilized self-administered questionnaires to collect data in a cross-sectional manner from 829 respondents in some states of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Results obtained from the analysis of the data revealed that certain variables in the triumvirate of human, economic and social capitals displayed statistically significant relationships with employment creation. Specifically, among the studied variables, only management skills, educational achievement, business support services and language proficiency correlated positively with employment creation. Consequently, Governments, African-immigrant entrepreneurs and other interested stakeholders may need to invest in the improvement of these specific components of human, economic and social capital bases of entrepreneurs for the touted benefit of employment creation to materialize.
{"title":"FORMS OF CAPITAL AND THE CREATION OF JOBS BY IMMIGRANT-OWNED BUSINESSES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA","authors":"C. Eresia-Eke, Chijioke Okerue","doi":"10.1142/s1084946722500030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1084946722500030","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relationships that human, economic and social capital may have with the creation of employment in small businesses that belong to African immigrants. Based on a cross-country approach, the study utilized self-administered questionnaires to collect data in a cross-sectional manner from 829 respondents in some states of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Results obtained from the analysis of the data revealed that certain variables in the triumvirate of human, economic and social capitals displayed statistically significant relationships with employment creation. Specifically, among the studied variables, only management skills, educational achievement, business support services and language proficiency correlated positively with employment creation. Consequently, Governments, African-immigrant entrepreneurs and other interested stakeholders may need to invest in the improvement of these specific components of human, economic and social capital bases of entrepreneurs for the touted benefit of employment creation to materialize.","PeriodicalId":46653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41364931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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