Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11206
Thitikan Satchabut, D. Scott, G. Ellis
Effects of Outdoor Recreation Participation and InterpretationWe conducted a field experiment in Thailand to evaluate effects of appreciative and mechanized forms of recreation and interpretation on environmental concerns of park visitors. Research participants were randomly assigned to one of eight experimental conditions defined by recreation type (appreciative vs. mechanized), recreation activity (birdwatching, nature photography, motorcycling, and motor boating) nested within recreation type, and interpretation (interpretation provided vs. not provided). We measured three dimensions of environmental concern: specific environmental concern (SEC), worldwide environmental concern (WEC), and general environmental behavior (GEB). Appreciative activity participants and participants who received interpretation had significantly higher SEC scores than those who participated in mechanized activities and those who did not receive interpretation. Interpretation experiences elevated WEC and GEB, with the effect being more substantial among participants who participated in mechanized recreation activities. Appropriate cautions are advised against making management decisions based on results of individual studies, but within that context, we suggest the following: • Interpretation programs designed using Tilden’s (1957) classic principles of interpretation can be effective in elevating environmental concern. • Interpretation programs may be more effective if conducted as part of appreciative recreation experiences (e.g., hiking, birdwatching, nature photography). • For WEC and GEB, interpretation may mitigate detrimental effects of participation in mechanized forms of recreation (motor boating, motorcycling). • This study represents the first of its kind to document the proposed effects on environmental concern using experimental methods.
{"title":"Effects of Outdoor Recreation Participation and Interpretation","authors":"Thitikan Satchabut, D. Scott, G. Ellis","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11206","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of Outdoor Recreation Participation and InterpretationWe conducted a field experiment in Thailand to evaluate effects of appreciative and mechanized forms of recreation and interpretation on environmental concerns of park visitors. Research participants were randomly assigned to one of eight experimental conditions defined by recreation type (appreciative vs. mechanized), recreation activity (birdwatching, nature photography, motorcycling, and motor boating) nested within recreation type, and interpretation (interpretation provided vs. not provided). We measured three dimensions of environmental concern: specific environmental concern (SEC), worldwide environmental concern (WEC), and general environmental behavior (GEB). Appreciative activity participants and participants who received interpretation had significantly higher SEC scores than those who participated in mechanized activities and those who did not receive interpretation. Interpretation experiences elevated WEC and GEB, with the effect being more substantial among participants who participated in mechanized recreation activities. Appropriate cautions are advised against making management decisions based on results of individual studies, but within that context, we suggest the following: • Interpretation programs designed using Tilden’s (1957) classic principles of interpretation can be effective in elevating environmental concern. • Interpretation programs may be more effective if conducted as part of appreciative recreation experiences (e.g., hiking, birdwatching, nature photography). • For WEC and GEB, interpretation may mitigate detrimental effects of participation in mechanized forms of recreation (motor boating, motorcycling). • This study represents the first of its kind to document the proposed effects on environmental concern using experimental methods.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-10980
S. Slater, O. Pugach, Marina Ragonese-Barnes, Rachel Banner
In 2017 the National Recreation and Park Association launched an initiative entitled “Meet Me at the Park: Transforming Parks and Improving Access to Play Spaces.” The purpose of this grant opportunity was to fund innovative and scalable projects that transform parks and improve access to play spaces for kids of all abilities (aged 3-11) and their families in underserved communities. To date, there have been three funding cycles. Each cycle funded a total of 25 park projects (Sample N=75) that were tasked with providing access to renovated play spaces to increase physical activity in the most underserved communities using innovative and scalable solutions. A sample of 24 parks (8 per cycle) were selected for an in-depth evaluation using a pre-post study design. Two primary data collection activities were conducted: 1) collecting systematic observations of play and recreation in communities (SOPARC) pre- and post-renovation of play spaces; and 2) collecting intercept surveys from 32 adults pre- and post-renovation of play spaces. SOPARC results showed significant increases in daily park use (20 vs. 37 visitors on average per day at baseline compared to post-renovation), and a 31.5% increase (p<0.001) in the number of people engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Intercept survey results showed a 17.54 percentage point increase in the number of survey participants visiting the park for the first time. There was a 26.73 percentage point increase in the number of respondents stating that the park gave the kids a chance to experience something new and a 19.32 percentage point increase in respondents stating that the child they were with played more since using the park post-renovation. Results of the evaluation show that the investments in play space renovations were positively associated with increased park use, MVPA, and children’s park-based play. This information is important for park and recreation agencies, park and recreation advocates and elected officials to show that high quality, well-maintained parks are essential to improve public health outcomes and use of park spaces.
{"title":"Transforming Parks into “Magical” Places for Play: Evaluating the “Meet Me at the Park” Play Spaces Grant Program","authors":"S. Slater, O. Pugach, Marina Ragonese-Barnes, Rachel Banner","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-10980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-10980","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017 the National Recreation and Park Association launched an initiative entitled “Meet Me at the Park: Transforming Parks and Improving Access to Play Spaces.” The purpose of this grant opportunity was to fund innovative and scalable projects that transform parks and improve access to play spaces for kids of all abilities (aged 3-11) and their families in underserved communities. To date, there have been three funding cycles. Each cycle funded a total of 25 park projects (Sample N=75) that were tasked with providing access to renovated play spaces to increase physical activity in the most underserved communities using innovative and scalable solutions. A sample of 24 parks (8 per cycle) were selected for an in-depth evaluation using a pre-post study design. Two primary data collection activities were conducted: 1) collecting systematic observations of play and recreation in communities (SOPARC) pre- and post-renovation of play spaces; and 2) collecting intercept surveys from 32 adults pre- and post-renovation of play spaces. SOPARC results showed significant increases in daily park use (20 vs. 37 visitors on average per day at baseline compared to post-renovation), and a 31.5% increase (p<0.001) in the number of people engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Intercept survey results showed a 17.54 percentage point increase in the number of survey participants visiting the park for the first time. There was a 26.73 percentage point increase in the number of respondents stating that the park gave the kids a chance to experience something new and a 19.32 percentage point increase in respondents stating that the child they were with played more since using the park post-renovation. Results of the evaluation show that the investments in play space renovations were positively associated with increased park use, MVPA, and children’s park-based play. This information is important for park and recreation agencies, park and recreation advocates and elected officials to show that high quality, well-maintained parks are essential to improve public health outcomes and use of park spaces.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11477
Caleb J. Scruggs, C. Zajchowski, Jennifer Huggins, A. Burns
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of parks as critical infrastructure for societal well-being; however, for much of the pandemic, the risk for disease exposure and transmission in these spaces was unclear. Public health messaging by parks continues to attempt to influence health-promoting behaviors, but the impact of advisories may vary due to the message source. In fall 2020, we surveyed park visitors in Virginia, U.S. across political affiliations to understand decision-making factors influencing visitation. Results indicate many similarities in decision-making factors across political affiliations, such as the perceived importance of health benefits derived from outdoor recreation. Significant differences in the perceived importance between message sources (i.e., Trump Administration) (ηp 2 = .104) and risk perceptions related to COVID-19 (ηp 2 = .228) across political affiliations were evident. These findings demonstrate the importance of attending to political affiliations when crafting messaging strategies, not limited to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Politics, Parks, and Pandemic: A Research Note","authors":"Caleb J. Scruggs, C. Zajchowski, Jennifer Huggins, A. Burns","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11477","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of parks as critical infrastructure for societal well-being; however, for much of the pandemic, the risk for disease exposure and transmission in these spaces was unclear. Public health messaging by parks continues to attempt to influence health-promoting behaviors, but the impact of advisories may vary due to the message source. In fall 2020, we surveyed park visitors in Virginia, U.S. across political affiliations to understand decision-making factors influencing visitation. Results indicate many similarities in decision-making factors across political affiliations, such as the perceived importance of health benefits derived from outdoor recreation. Significant differences in the perceived importance between message sources (i.e., Trump Administration) (ηp 2 = .104) and risk perceptions related to COVID-19 (ηp 2 = .228) across political affiliations were evident. These findings demonstrate the importance of attending to political affiliations when crafting messaging strategies, not limited to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48565752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11485
V. Povilaitis, Jim Sibthorp
As the labor market has tightened, seasonal recreation employers have struggled to find and hire quality staff. Operating under tight budgetary constraints due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many seasonal employers are looking for alternatives to pay increases to attract staff. Emerging adults, defined as people between 18 and 29 years of age, are commonly seeking seasonal employment to complement their school schedules during the summer months. Therefore, adding non-monetary value to these seasonable employment experiences may encourage further interest from emerging adults. Emerging adults are generally focused on understanding who they are and what they want out of life. This type of learning is often facilitated through experiences that offer opportunities to be socially and emotionally supported (Yohalem et al., 2007), build meaningful relationships with others (Lerner & Lerner, 2013), try and experiment in new contexts and activities (Durlak et al., 2010), and contribute in significant ways (Eccles & Gootman, 2002). Collectively, such experiences are often termed developmental experiences (Nagaoka et al., 2015). Seasonal employment experiences that are developmental offer emerging adults non-monetary value that they may find attractive. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to understand developmental experiences reported by emerging adult summer camp employees as a way to inform seasonal staffing efforts. Participants were 254 individuals (Mage = 19.8 years), majority female (68.9%) and White (76%) who were recruited from a longitudinal study and were camp staff during summer 2018. A convergent design was used, including data from semi-structured interviews and quantitative surveys. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively and deductively, and within-subjects designs (RMANOVAs and paired t-tests) were used to analyze quantitative data. The reported employment experiences generally aligned with the existing literature on important characteristics of developmental experiences and were categorized as experiential and engaging activities, positive social and emotional climate, supportive relationships, and meaningful contributions. An additional characteristic, less consistent with the extant literature, separate time and space, was also present. Implications for practice are offered, highlighting ways to facilitate developmental experiences for camp staff and reduce characteristics that may hinder developmental experiences.
随着劳动力市场趋紧，季节性娱乐雇主一直在努力寻找和雇用高质量的员工。由于2019冠状病毒病大流行，在预算紧张的情况下，许多季节性雇主正在寻找增加工资的替代方案来吸引员工。“新成人”指的是年龄在18岁至29岁之间的人，他们通常在寻找季节性工作，以补充夏季的学业安排。因此，在这些季节性的就业经历中增加非货币价值可能会激发新兴成年人的进一步兴趣。初出茅庐的成年人通常专注于了解自己是谁，以及他们想从生活中得到什么。这种类型的学习通常是通过提供社会和情感支持的机会(Yohalem et al.， 2007)，与他人建立有意义的关系(Lerner & Lerner, 2013)，在新的环境和活动中尝试和实验(Durlak et al.， 2010)，并以重要的方式做出贡献(Eccles & Gootman, 2002)的经历来促进的。总的来说，这些经历通常被称为发展经历(Nagaoka et al.， 2015)。季节性的工作经历是发展性的，为初出期的成年人提供了他们可能会觉得有吸引力的非金钱价值。因此，本文的目的是了解新兴成人夏令营员工报告的发展经验，作为通知季节性人员配置工作的一种方式。参与者是254人(年龄为19.8岁)，大多数是女性(68.9%)和白人(76%)，她们是从纵向研究中招募的，并在2018年夏季担任营地工作人员。采用趋同设计，包括来自半结构化访谈和定量调查的数据。定性资料采用归纳和演绎分析，定量资料采用受试者内设计(rmanova和配对t检验)分析。报告的就业经历与现有文献中关于发展经历的重要特征基本一致，并被归类为体验和参与活动、积极的社会和情感氛围、支持关系和有意义的贡献。另一个与现存文献不太一致的特点是，时间和空间是分开的。为实践提供了启示，强调了促进营地工作人员发展经验的方法，并减少了可能阻碍发展经验的特征。
{"title":"Developmental Experiences in Seasonal Employment: A National Mixed-Methods Study of Camp Staff","authors":"V. Povilaitis, Jim Sibthorp","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11485","url":null,"abstract":"As the labor market has tightened, seasonal recreation employers have struggled to find and hire quality staff. Operating under tight budgetary constraints due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many seasonal employers are looking for alternatives to pay increases to attract staff. Emerging adults, defined as people between 18 and 29 years of age, are commonly seeking seasonal employment to complement their school schedules during the summer months. Therefore, adding non-monetary value to these seasonable employment experiences may encourage further interest from emerging adults. Emerging adults are generally focused on understanding who they are and what they want out of life. This type of learning is often facilitated through experiences that offer opportunities to be socially and emotionally supported (Yohalem et al., 2007), build meaningful relationships with others (Lerner & Lerner, 2013), try and experiment in new contexts and activities (Durlak et al., 2010), and contribute in significant ways (Eccles & Gootman, 2002). Collectively, such experiences are often termed developmental experiences (Nagaoka et al., 2015). Seasonal employment experiences that are developmental offer emerging adults non-monetary value that they may find attractive. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to understand developmental experiences reported by emerging adult summer camp employees as a way to inform seasonal staffing efforts. Participants were 254 individuals (Mage = 19.8 years), majority female (68.9%) and White (76%) who were recruited from a longitudinal study and were camp staff during summer 2018. A convergent design was used, including data from semi-structured interviews and quantitative surveys. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively and deductively, and within-subjects designs (RMANOVAs and paired t-tests) were used to analyze quantitative data. The reported employment experiences generally aligned with the existing literature on important characteristics of developmental experiences and were categorized as experiential and engaging activities, positive social and emotional climate, supportive relationships, and meaningful contributions. An additional characteristic, less consistent with the extant literature, separate time and space, was also present. Implications for practice are offered, highlighting ways to facilitate developmental experiences for camp staff and reduce characteristics that may hinder developmental experiences.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11228
Brooke N. Burk, I. Sharaievska
A challenge for park and recreation youth programming is adequate adult support for programming facilitation. Many recreation programs, whether municipal or private organizations, struggle to attract and retain volunteer coaches, particularly fathers. In recognition of this challenge, we aimed to learn more about this challenge by comparing fathers’ and practitioners’ experiences with youth programming. In particular, we wanted to learn more about the constraints and facilitators to fathers’ engagement in youth programming leadership. Working and fathering both require time that can be in conflict with one another when it comes to father involvement. However, McGill (2014) suggests that work does not have a negative relationship with time for leisure even though at times work may be seen as a barrier to leisure. While fathers do not report diminished time for leisure, they do report a negative relationship between work and physical care for children (McGill, 2014). Fathers, whether employed or not, who feel that they play a significant role in their children’s development, are likely to preserve time in their day for engagement with their children. Those that feel they play a key role and have a responsibility to be involved in child development are likely to reduce their personal leisure time to be more engaged in their children’s leisure time (McGill, 2014). The concepts of constraints (Jackson, 1991) and facilitators (Raymore, 2002) were employed in this project. As a result, the purpose of this study was to better understand what facilitators and constraints are experienced by fathers when it comes to their engagement in youth programs of their children. More specifically, the objectives of the study were to explore: a) what facilitates fathers' involvement in their children’s youth programs, as perceived by fathers and youth program professionals; b) what constrains fathers’ involvement in youth programs, as perceived by fathers and youth program professionals. Our results suggest that a more concerted effort to recruit, train, and support fathers as volunteer program leaders is needed to address the concern about limited participation among fathers in their children’s leisure and recreation programs.
{"title":"Facilitators and Constraints: Toward an Understanding of Fathers’ Involvement in Their Children’s Youth Programs","authors":"Brooke N. Burk, I. Sharaievska","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11228","url":null,"abstract":"A challenge for park and recreation youth programming is adequate adult support for programming facilitation. Many recreation programs, whether municipal or private organizations, struggle to attract and retain volunteer coaches, particularly fathers. In recognition of this challenge, we aimed to learn more about this challenge by comparing fathers’ and practitioners’ experiences with youth programming. In particular, we wanted to learn more about the constraints and facilitators to fathers’ engagement in youth programming leadership. Working and fathering both require time that can be in conflict with one another when it comes to father involvement. However, McGill (2014) suggests that work does not have a negative relationship with time for leisure even though at times work may be seen as a barrier to leisure. While fathers do not report diminished time for leisure, they do report a negative relationship between work and physical care for children (McGill, 2014). Fathers, whether employed or not, who feel that they play a significant role in their children’s development, are likely to preserve time in their day for engagement with their children. Those that feel they play a key role and have a responsibility to be involved in child development are likely to reduce their personal leisure time to be more engaged in their children’s leisure time (McGill, 2014). The concepts of constraints (Jackson, 1991) and facilitators (Raymore, 2002) were employed in this project. As a result, the purpose of this study was to better understand what facilitators and constraints are experienced by fathers when it comes to their engagement in youth programs of their children. More specifically, the objectives of the study were to explore: a) what facilitates fathers' involvement in their children’s youth programs, as perceived by fathers and youth program professionals; b) what constrains fathers’ involvement in youth programs, as perceived by fathers and youth program professionals. Our results suggest that a more concerted effort to recruit, train, and support fathers as volunteer program leaders is needed to address the concern about limited participation among fathers in their children’s leisure and recreation programs.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48469385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11346
Lina Xiong, J. Vaske, Jennifer Almstead, Zac Wiebe
This article examined visitors’ attitudes toward electric motorized bikes (ebikes) on natural surface trails and the reasons for support or opposition to ebikes. On-site survey data (n = 536) were obtained from visitors to Devil’s Backbone Open Space (DBOS) in Larimer County, Colorado in 2020. Findings suggested that visitors’ ebike attitudes differed by demographics (i.e., age, gender, residence), and trip characteristics (i.e., survey location, visits per year, primary activity). We also observed a positive correlation between perceived ebike familiarity and support. A content analysis of responses to an open-ended question revealed that concerns over safety, crowding, and beliefs that ebikes do not belong in natural environment were major reasons for opposing ebikes. The potential to expand trail access to people with mobility difficulties was the main reason for a supportive attitude. Visitors’ attitudes were also based on misperceptions about ebikes (e.g., ebikes are noisy), suggesting the need effective public communication. We suggested several practical recommendations managing ebikes in natural areas. First, correct information regarding ebikes (e.g., ebikes are generally quiet) needs to be disseminated. Ebike demonstration sites at popular trailheads would allow visitors to personally experience ebikes and better understand the technology. Information boards could describe ebikes’ mechanisms and environmental impact to clarify some misperceptions. Second, concerns with safety and speed could be addressed by developing comprehensive bike regulations (e.g., speed limits, trail etiquette education) for all bikers. Setting up speed limit signs and monitoring devices on trails might minimize some visitor concerns. Third, exceptions could be made for users with mobility disabilities; these exceptions should be advertised widely so all visitors were aware of and understand the exceptions.
{"title":"Open Space Visitors’ Attitudes toward Ebikes on Natural surface Trails","authors":"Lina Xiong, J. Vaske, Jennifer Almstead, Zac Wiebe","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11346","url":null,"abstract":"This article examined visitors’ attitudes toward electric motorized bikes (ebikes) on natural surface trails and the reasons for support or opposition to ebikes. On-site survey data (n = 536) were obtained from visitors to Devil’s Backbone Open Space (DBOS) in Larimer County, Colorado in 2020. Findings suggested that visitors’ ebike attitudes differed by demographics (i.e., age, gender, residence), and trip characteristics (i.e., survey location, visits per year, primary activity). We also observed a positive correlation between perceived ebike familiarity and support. A content analysis of responses to an open-ended question revealed that concerns over safety, crowding, and beliefs that ebikes do not belong in natural environment were major reasons for opposing ebikes. The potential to expand trail access to people with mobility difficulties was the main reason for a supportive attitude. Visitors’ attitudes were also based on misperceptions about ebikes (e.g., ebikes are noisy), suggesting the need effective public communication. We suggested several practical recommendations managing ebikes in natural areas. First, correct information regarding ebikes (e.g., ebikes are generally quiet) needs to be disseminated. Ebike demonstration sites at popular trailheads would allow visitors to personally experience ebikes and better understand the technology. Information boards could describe ebikes’ mechanisms and environmental impact to clarify some misperceptions. Second, concerns with safety and speed could be addressed by developing comprehensive bike regulations (e.g., speed limits, trail etiquette education) for all bikers. Setting up speed limit signs and monitoring devices on trails might minimize some visitor concerns. Third, exceptions could be made for users with mobility disabilities; these exceptions should be advertised widely so all visitors were aware of and understand the exceptions.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47472055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11309
Louise O'Flynn, Stephen Schweinsberg, S. Wearing
The sustainable financing of protected areas (PA) is a worldwide challenge and a barrier to the effective management of over 15% of global land area (Protected Planet, 2021). The purpose of the paper is to outline one approach that has been used to address the challenge of the sustainable financing of the publicly managed terrestrial PA estate in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Also, PA practitioners internationally may find the case study useful in addressing the challenge of insufficient funding for PAs under their care and control. The paper provides the Theory of Change (ToC) as a mechanism for the sustainable financing of the PA estate in NSW, identifying six pathways to change: government support, institutional effectiveness, appropriate business model, strategic planning and innovation, communication and advocacy, and collaboration and partnerships. It demonstrates how the success of each pathway depends on a suite of enabling conditions which help to dismantle the impediments to the sustainable financing of the PA estate. The ToC is intended to guide actions to address the sustainable financing of the PA estate and to achieve the overall impact of the effective management of PAs with respect to conservation and other aligned objectives. The ToC presented in the paper is focused on NSW, however it considers policy and management implications and lessons from the case study that can be applied to PAs in an international context.
{"title":"Applying Theory of Change to the Sustainable Financing of Protected Areas","authors":"Louise O'Flynn, Stephen Schweinsberg, S. Wearing","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11309","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable financing of protected areas (PA) is a worldwide challenge and a barrier to the effective management of over 15% of global land area (Protected Planet, 2021). The purpose of the paper is to outline one approach that has been used to address the challenge of the sustainable financing of the publicly managed terrestrial PA estate in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Also, PA practitioners internationally may find the case study useful in addressing the challenge of insufficient funding for PAs under their care and control. The paper provides the Theory of Change (ToC) as a mechanism for the sustainable financing of the PA estate in NSW, identifying six pathways to change: government support, institutional effectiveness, appropriate business model, strategic planning and innovation, communication and advocacy, and collaboration and partnerships. It demonstrates how the success of each pathway depends on a suite of enabling conditions which help to dismantle the impediments to the sustainable financing of the PA estate. The ToC is intended to guide actions to address the sustainable financing of the PA estate and to achieve the overall impact of the effective management of PAs with respect to conservation and other aligned objectives. The ToC presented in the paper is focused on NSW, however it considers policy and management implications and lessons from the case study that can be applied to PAs in an international context.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11050
Katie Megan Cookes, A. Russo
This study used qualitative research methods and GIS to explore the potential social and economic benefits of creating a regional park in the Severn Vale, Gloucestershire, UK. We first explored where the park boundary could potentially lie by a series of stages of suitability mapping in GIS. Subsequently, a mini focus group and three semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in relevant fields in order to obtain perceptions on what the socio-economic benefits could be of establishing a regional park. Perceptions and suggestions obtained from the data recommended how the regional park should incorporate addressing issues such as health inequalities, inclusivity of all segments of society, options for active and sustainable travel, community engagement, and the creation of a positive regional brand, into the managerial practices and design elements of the proposed Severn Vale Regional Park.
{"title":"An Exploration of the Socioeconomic Benefits of Designating a Regional Park in the Severn Vale, UK","authors":"Katie Megan Cookes, A. Russo","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11050","url":null,"abstract":"This study used qualitative research methods and GIS to explore the potential social and economic benefits of creating a regional park in the Severn Vale, Gloucestershire, UK. We first explored where the park boundary could potentially lie by a series of stages of suitability mapping in GIS. Subsequently, a mini focus group and three semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in relevant fields in order to obtain perceptions on what the socio-economic benefits could be of establishing a regional park. Perceptions and suggestions obtained from the data recommended how the regional park should incorporate addressing issues such as health inequalities, inclusivity of all segments of society, options for active and sustainable travel, community engagement, and the creation of a positive regional brand, into the managerial practices and design elements of the proposed Severn Vale Regional Park.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45967350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-14DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2022-11223
Samantha L. Powers, Nicholas A. D. Pitas, A. Mowen
Local residents are the primary stakeholder for municipal parks and recreation who have the potential to influence funding and policy through their participation, voting, and advocacy. Research has suggested that individuals are more likely to support parks and recreation and view them as essential when they perceive they provide benefits that address their own as well as broader community needs. This panel study investigated Pennsylvania residents and the extent they considered parks and recreation an essential community service during the COVID-19 pandemic. It further assessed the rationale for why parks and recreation were considered either essential or non-essential during this time period. A majority of respondents (54%) felt local parks and recreation were an essential service in their community during the pandemic based primarily on their perceived contributions to physical health, mental health and wellbeing, and the safe provision of recreation opportunities. Conversely, parks and recreation were considered non-essential when they had been closed, when individuals were unsure of what services were actually provided during the pandemic, or they were perceived as unsafe or unsanitary given the presence of COVID-19. Findings provide evidence of the contributions provided by local parks and recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest influenceable factors associated with perceptions of whether parks and recreation are an essential community service.
{"title":"Public Perceptions of Local Parks and Recreation as an Essential Community Service During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Samantha L. Powers, Nicholas A. D. Pitas, A. Mowen","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11223","url":null,"abstract":"Local residents are the primary stakeholder for municipal parks and recreation who have the potential to influence funding and policy through their participation, voting, and advocacy. Research has suggested that individuals are more likely to support parks and recreation and view them as essential when they perceive they provide benefits that address their own as well as broader community needs. This panel study investigated Pennsylvania residents and the extent they considered parks and recreation an essential community service during the COVID-19 pandemic. It further assessed the rationale for why parks and recreation were considered either essential or non-essential during this time period. A majority of respondents (54%) felt local parks and recreation were an essential service in their community during the pandemic based primarily on their perceived contributions to physical health, mental health and wellbeing, and the safe provision of recreation opportunities. Conversely, parks and recreation were considered non-essential when they had been closed, when individuals were unsure of what services were actually provided during the pandemic, or they were perceived as unsafe or unsanitary given the presence of COVID-19. Findings provide evidence of the contributions provided by local parks and recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest influenceable factors associated with perceptions of whether parks and recreation are an essential community service.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.18666/jpra-2021-11007
Teresa Penbrooke, Michael Edwards, J. Bocarro, K. Henderson, J. Hipp
Within the United States parks and recreation agencies (P&R) manage public facilities, spaces, lands, and recreation programs. Public health (PH) evidence has increasingly pointed to local public P&R agencies as critical for promoting preventive health. Programs and strategies are available, but most P&R agencies have limited resources and lack local knowledge on which to base actions. However, the research base is growing. The global research question has shifted from asking IF P&R agencies can positively affect PH factors, to HOW they can best do so with limited resources.This research adapted a systems theory approach to how local public P&R agencies are addressing health factors. Methods included a literature review along with iterative exploration through a three-stage Delphi panel study with 17 P&R agency Expert Panelists in the U.S and Canada. Panelists were identified through a waterfall selection process. Each had at least three years of senior administration experience with interest in addressing PH factors.The study explored which preventive factors appear to be most modifiable by P&R. Results indicated increased physical activity, improved nutrition, enhanced safety or perception of safety, increased social and parental engagement, improved transportation and access to locations (especially nature), and cessation or reduced overconsumption of tobacco and alcohol. However, the priority of factors varies by community, and the continuing challenge is determining the priority of the factors for agencies and their partners to address. Community-specific data are not typically readily available to P&R agencies. Programs, strategies, internal methods, policies, and documents utilized by agencies were collected. Thirty-one related national initiatives (programs) were identified and ranked by the panelists.Key common strategies for P&R were identified. Results indicated a need to focus strategies on leadership and adequate funding to create a strong organizational culture of systematic assessment for addressing PH through allocation of P&R staff and financial resources. Systems thinking analysis and strategies can improve outcomes for cultural ethics of inclusion and equity, equitable access to assets and programs, collaboration with other partners, utilization of crime prevention and environmental design strategies, increased health promotions and education, and centralized tracking and evaluation of feasible measures.Implications for research include needs for additional validation and dissemination of research, evidence-based tools, and proven methods. There continues to be a strong need to help address gaps in knowledge transfer between research and practice realms. Management implications suggest methods for practice to enhance systems-thinking approaches for better preventive health outcomes through P&R in communities.
{"title":"Applying Systems Thinking Approaches to Address Preventive Health Factors through Public Parks and Recreation Agencies","authors":"Teresa Penbrooke, Michael Edwards, J. Bocarro, K. Henderson, J. Hipp","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2021-11007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2021-11007","url":null,"abstract":"Within the United States parks and recreation agencies (P&R) manage public facilities, spaces, lands, and recreation programs. Public health (PH) evidence has increasingly pointed to local public P&R agencies as critical for promoting preventive health. Programs and strategies are available, but most P&R agencies have limited resources and lack local knowledge on which to base actions. However, the research base is growing. The global research question has shifted from asking IF P&R agencies can positively affect PH factors, to HOW they can best do so with limited resources.This research adapted a systems theory approach to how local public P&R agencies are addressing health factors. Methods included a literature review along with iterative exploration through a three-stage Delphi panel study with 17 P&R agency Expert Panelists in the U.S and Canada. Panelists were identified through a waterfall selection process. Each had at least three years of senior administration experience with interest in addressing PH factors.The study explored which preventive factors appear to be most modifiable by P&R. Results indicated increased physical activity, improved nutrition, enhanced safety or perception of safety, increased social and parental engagement, improved transportation and access to locations (especially nature), and cessation or reduced overconsumption of tobacco and alcohol. However, the priority of factors varies by community, and the continuing challenge is determining the priority of the factors for agencies and their partners to address. Community-specific data are not typically readily available to P&R agencies. Programs, strategies, internal methods, policies, and documents utilized by agencies were collected. Thirty-one related national initiatives (programs) were identified and ranked by the panelists.Key common strategies for P&R were identified. Results indicated a need to focus strategies on leadership and adequate funding to create a strong organizational culture of systematic assessment for addressing PH through allocation of P&R staff and financial resources. Systems thinking analysis and strategies can improve outcomes for cultural ethics of inclusion and equity, equitable access to assets and programs, collaboration with other partners, utilization of crime prevention and environmental design strategies, increased health promotions and education, and centralized tracking and evaluation of feasible measures.Implications for research include needs for additional validation and dissemination of research, evidence-based tools, and proven methods. There continues to be a strong need to help address gaps in knowledge transfer between research and practice realms. Management implications suggest methods for practice to enhance systems-thinking approaches for better preventive health outcomes through P&R in communities.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47604563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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