Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology最新文献

To date, breast cancer is the most common oncological pathology among the female population both in Russia and worldwide. Previously, our laboratory team identified a significant prognostic marker for breast cancer, namely the ELOVL5 gene, the expression level of which coupled with the IGFBP6 gene allowed one to predict with high sensitivity (82%) and specificity (62.5%) the risk of breast cancer recurrence during the first five years of observation. At the same time, low expression of these genes in tumor tissue corresponded to an unfavorable prognosis. ELOVL5 is a human elongase of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), the use of which is often associated with antitumor effects due to the induction of ferroptotic cell death associated with accelerated peroxidation of intracellular lipids. Thus, activation of ferroptosis, an alternative pathway of programmed cell death, in tumor cells is considered a promising approach to overcome drug resistance. Here, changes in the dynamics of ferroptotic cell death, as well as the transcriptome profile of breast cancer cells with decreased ELOVL5 gene expression were investigated.

Preserving the quality, improving safety, and extending the shelf life of food products are priority directions of healthy nutrition development. To prolong the shelf life of products, the technology of refrigerated processing and maintenance at reduced temperature is used, which allows us to increase the shelf life of products and reduce their weight loss. However, chilled meat has a limited shelf life. One of the effective ways to preserve quality and reduce weight loss during chilled storage is the treatment of the product surface with protective food film–forming compositions (FFC) based on surface-active and antimicrobial substances. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of lactic acid of different concentrations (0.5–2.0%) and bacteriocin nisin (0.025%) in the composition of FFC-10 on the reduction of total contamination and pathogen contamination of broiler chicken half-carcasses during chilled storage. The values of active acidity and redox potential in solutions of different composition of FFC-10 on the growth and development of potential contaminants of food raw materials were determined. By means of microscopy changes in the integrity of the structure of FFC-10 during storage were studied. The obtained data will allow us to optimize the use of protective film–forming compositions for creation of biotechnology of poultry processing in order to preserve the quality and increase the shelf life of poultry meat during chilled storage.

The traditional quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard among molecular diagnostic methods and is used both for the identification of pathogens of various diseases, and for genotyping and standardization of the NGS library. The digital polymerase chain reaction technology is an upgraded version of the polymerase chain reaction, and over the past five years has proven to be more sensitive, specific, and accurate. This article provides an overview of the modern digital polymerase chain reaction platform and their comparative analysis. Special features, uses, and possible applications are selected.

The design and development of a placenta-on-a-chip model is of great importance for various fields of cell biology, especially in studies of the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and the action of potential drugs. Currently, milling technique is most commonly used to fabricate microfluidic devices from thermoplastics. However, this technology leads to the formation of undesirable surface roughness, which promotes the formation of air bubbles and reduces the optical transparency of the polymer. In this regard, the problem of improving the technology of chip manufacturing and operation seems to be very important. We have analyzed various methods of surface modification of polycarbonate and further optimizing the circuit. It was shown that vapor polishing treatment with JINHF solution (JINHF, China) effectively removed roughness from the surface of the polycarbonate chip. The selected surface treatment method significantly reduced the roughness of the internal channels, which facilitated the filling of the chip without forming areas with stubborn air bubbles. During the optimization process, two “passive” methods for eliminating bubbles from the microfluidic system were explored, namely vertical positioning of the chip and creating air bubble traps inside the chip. These methods were compared with the “active” bubble removal by connecting an Elveflow trap (Elveflow Elvesys, France) with a vacuum pump to the chip. The method of vertical positioning of the organ-on-a-chip during cultivation proved to be more effective in removing air bubbles than built-in and external traps. The developed variant of the microfluidic device with the contour configuration that showed the best result was tested on the process of long-term cultivation of BeWo b30 and EA.hy926 cells as models of placenta-on-chip in dynamics.

The phytotoxicity and antiviral activity of three strains of actinobacteria, Streptomyces carpaticus RCAM04697 (SCPM-O-B-9993), Nocardiopsis umidischolae RCAM04882, and Nocardiopsis umidischolae RCAM04883, were studied. For seven days, the bacterial cells were cultivated on starch–casein, potato–glucose, or Gause’s medium. Using immune-chromatography assay, we showed all three Actinobacteria strains exhibiting antiviral activity against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on tomato plants. The maximum efficiency (100%) against CMV was found for a three-day suspension of the S. carpaticus strain RCAM04697 (SCPM-O-B-9993) on all nutrient media. Suspensions of all three strains obtained by cultivating for 1, 2, 6, and 7 days did not inhibit replication of the phytovirus.

A comparative assessment of the water absorption and hemostatic activity of chitosan lactate gel in vitro was carried out. IR spectrophotometry and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the production of chitosan salt. The hemostatic activity of chitosan lactate gel was confirmed by in vitro experiments. The results obtained in vitro were correlated with previously published preliminary results on stopping intracavitary bleeding in vivo.

A component analysis of the gene pool composition of the indigenous ethnic groups of Dagestan, as well as other ethnic groups of the North Caucasus and Central Asia, was carried out based on wide-genome genotyping of SNP markers on the high-density DNA microarrays Infinium Multi-Ethnic Global-8. The analysis of the genotypic data array of ethnic populations of the above-mentioned regions was implemented in the Admixture algorithm (K = 12). Despite the fact that in ethno-linguistic terms, the Mingrelians belong to the people of the Kartvelian language family, the Abkhazians, Adyghe, and Circassians belong to the group of ethnic groups of the Abkhaz–Adyghe languages. The Ossetians are an Iranian-speaking ethnic group, and the Karachais and Balkars represent the Turkic group of peoples of the North Caucasus. All of the ethnic groups listed have a spectrum of the same ancestral components, moreover, in comparable proportions. The Ingush and Chechens, being representatives of the Nakh group of the Nakh–Dagestani language family, demonstrate one common ancestral component with a high degree of representation, emphasizing the isolated genetic history of the formation of their gene pool. The Karanogais of Dagestan and the Nogais of Karachai-Cherkessia, in terms of the spectrum and frequency of representation of ancestral components, indicate a commonality with Central Asian ethnic groups, such as the Kazakhs and Uzbeks. The ethnic groups of Dagestan demonstrate a unique picture of diversity in both the composition and frequency of occurrence of ancestral components in the structure of their autosomal gene pool. This emphasizes not only the history of their formation, isolated from other peoples of the North Caucasus, but also the long-isolated genetic history of each indigenous ethnic group. This study is conducted within the framework of fundamental areas of human population and evolutionary genetics, identifying ethnospecific features of the structure of genomes and population gene pools of modern human populations and reconstructing ancient migrations and population expansion, as well as the evolution of gene pools and mechanisms of genetic adaptation.