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Performative Polarization: The Interactional and Cultural Drivers of Political Antagonism 表演极化:政治对抗的互动和文化驱动因素
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231188808
M. Revers
Political backlash against liberal democracy and ubiquitous clashes between different versions of identity politics in recent years evoked a heightened awareness of political polarization. Rather than examining the mechanics of this process, social science predominantly conceives political polarization in a rather static manner and measures its prevalence and causes within and between societies. This article views political polarization as taking shape in the experience of political conflict. It proposes a cultural performance framework suitable to examine the social drama of political conflict and its connections to interpersonal political dispute. Performative polarization is premised upon antagonizing one public in order to win over and energize another public. It views political antagonism as constituted by (1) powerful performers and performances that provide the preparatory symbolic work and scripts and (2) divided publics who arbitrate their dramatic acts in ensuing performances and who collectively generate political divisions. The anti-Critical Race Theory campaign in the USA serves as a case study to work through the elements of this theoretical framework.
近年来,反对自由民主的政治反弹,以及不同版本的身份政治之间无处不在的冲突,引发了人们对政治两极分化的高度关注。社会科学主要是以一种相当静态的方式来看待政治两极分化,并衡量其在社会内部和社会之间的普遍性和原因,而不是研究这一过程的机制。本文认为政治两极分化是在政治冲突的经验中形成的。它提出了一个文化表演框架,适合于研究政治冲突的社会戏剧及其与人际政治纠纷的联系。表演极化的前提是对抗一个公众,以赢得和激励另一个公众。它认为政治对抗是由(1)强大的表演者和表演构成的,他们提供了预备的象征性作品和剧本;(2)分裂的公众,他们在随后的表演中仲裁他们的戏剧行为,并共同产生政治分歧。美国的反批判种族理论运动可以作为一个案例来研究这一理论框架的要素。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Race, Taste, Class and Cars 书评:种族、品味、阶级与汽车
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231182541
Asma Shahin Khan
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引用次数: 0
Holocaust Memory as Cultural Code: The UK National Holocaust Memorial and Learning Centre as Case Study 大屠杀记忆作为文化密码:英国国家大屠杀纪念和学习中心案例研究
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231182764
Tracy Adams
This research focuses on the proposed UK National Holocaust Memorial and Learning Centre as a vibrant site of discursive contestation, investigating the heated public and political debate on this memory initiative that took place between 2019 and 2022 through a twofold analysis of elite intention and public reception. Findings demonstrate that Holocaust memory in the UK is infused with ambivalence and contradictory understandings of what the meanings of the past hold for the present. Bursting from the sphere-specific boundaries of memory, however, the debate soon turns into a social problem, one that illuminates broader societal issues that the contemporary British collective struggles with. Insofar as British Holocaust memory, in cultural terms, is bound within a sacralizing discourse, identified and characterized as linked to values such as freedom, democracy and equality, the proposed memory initiative breaks open a Pandora’s box that illuminates and underlines polluting qualities such as ambivalence, intolerance and inequality. The critical discussion currently going on in the UK around the memory initiative is so much more than merely a problem of commemoration or location; rather, it embodies the broader identity crisis that affects many in the British public nowadays. Contributing to memory studies and cultural sociology, this research demonstrates how a collective’s narrative of self is constantly negotiated, mediated through public discourse in ways that could potentially pave the way to civil repair.
这项研究的重点是拟建的英国国家大屠杀纪念和学习中心,该中心是一个充满活力的话语辩论场所,通过对精英意图和公众接受度的双重分析,调查了2019年至2022年间发生的关于这一记忆倡议的激烈公众和政治辩论。研究结果表明,英国的大屠杀记忆充满了矛盾心理和对过去对现在意义的矛盾理解。然而,这场辩论打破了记忆的特定领域界限,很快就变成了一个社会问题,它揭示了当代英国集体正在努力解决的更广泛的社会问题。就文化而言,英国大屠杀记忆被束缚在一个神圣化的话语中,被认定和表征为与自由、民主和平等等价值观相关,拟议的记忆倡议打开了一个潘多拉的盒子,照亮并强调了矛盾心理、不容忍和不平等等污染性质。英国目前围绕记忆倡议进行的批判性讨论远不止是纪念或地点的问题;相反,它体现了影响当今英国公众的更广泛的身份危机。这项研究为记忆研究和文化社会学做出了贡献,展示了集体的自我叙事是如何通过公共话语不断协商和调解的,这些方式可能为民事修复铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
On The Making of White American Identity: Ron Eyerman and Eric Taylor Woods in Conversation 论美国白人身份的形成:罗恩·艾尔曼和埃里克·泰勒·伍兹的对话
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231175726
R. Eyerman, E. Woods
In this article, Eric Taylor Woods asks Ron Eyerman about the motivations, methods, and ideas that informed the writing of his recent book, The Making of White American Identity (2022). The conversation focuses particularly on the significance of racism, the Civil War, and popular culture in the founding and sustaining of white American identity as a mobilizing force in American politics. Along the way, Woods and Eyerman discuss the comparability of white American identity with other collective identities, including Northern Irish Unionism; Serbian Identity; and Afrikaner Identity. The aim of printing this conversation is to provoke further research and debate on the cultural sociology of white American identity.
在本文中,埃里克·泰勒·伍兹向罗恩·艾尔曼询问了他的新书《美国白人身份的形成》(2022)的写作动机、方法和思想。对话特别集中在种族主义,内战和流行文化在美国白人身份的建立和维持中作为美国政治中的动员力量的重要性。在此过程中,伍兹和艾尔曼讨论了美国白人身份与其他集体身份的可比性,包括北爱尔兰联合主义;塞尔维亚的身份;和阿非利卡人身份。印刷这段对话的目的是为了激起对美国白人身份的文化社会学的进一步研究和辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: The Cruel Optimism of Racial Justice 书评:种族正义的残酷乐观主义
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231170918
Erdem Dikici
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引用次数: 0
Music Worlds and Event Networks: An Exposition 音乐世界和事件网络:一个博览会
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231180182
N. Crossley
Musical activity in contemporary societies clusters in distinct ‘music worlds’, centred on such factors as style and/or locality. A number of studies have analysed these music worlds as networks of participants, linked in a variety of ways. This is useful but only captures some aspects of music worlds, neglecting others. In this article I introduce the concept of ‘event networks’ as a complement which allows us to capture much that ‘participant networks’ exclude. An event network is a sequence of events, such as gigs, certain pairs of which are linked by a flow of both participants (e.g. artists, audience members and support personnel) and the various resources and (evolving) conventions those participants carry with them. It forms an important part of the social structure of a music world and we can analyse it, empirically, using social network analysis (SNA). In the first part of the article I elaborate theoretically upon the concept of event networks and its significance in relation to music worlds. In the second part I develop this via an illustrative analysis of an empirical event network. The purpose of this analysis is to stimulate further discussion of event networks, of the interpretation of their properties and of possibilities for future analyses.
当代社会的音乐活动聚集在不同的“音乐世界”中,以风格和/或地方等因素为中心。许多研究分析了这些音乐世界作为参与者的网络,以各种方式联系在一起。这是有用的,但只捕获了音乐世界的某些方面,而忽略了其他方面。在本文中,我将引入“事件网络”的概念作为补充,使我们能够捕获“参与者网络”所排除的许多内容。事件网络是一系列事件,例如演出,其中某些事件由参与者(例如艺术家,观众成员和支持人员)以及参与者携带的各种资源和(不断发展的)惯例的流动联系在一起。它构成了音乐世界社会结构的重要组成部分,我们可以使用社会网络分析(SNA)对其进行实证分析。文章的第一部分从理论上阐述了事件网络的概念及其在音乐世界中的意义。在第二部分中,我通过实证事件网络的说明性分析来发展这一理论。本分析的目的是激发对事件网络的进一步讨论,对其性质的解释以及未来分析的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
From Ethnic to High-End Cuisine: Recategorization and Status Change Among Restaurants in Global Cities 从民族美食到高端美食:全球城市餐厅的重新分类与地位变化
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231172825
C. Lane, M. P. Opazo
This article examines the strategies used by individuals within cultural fields to make a transition from previously low-status categories to high-status categories, in order to rise in the status hierarchy. Using the case of gastronomy in the global cities of London and New York, we investigate how the once strict boundary between high-end and ethnic restaurants is being breached, leading to field transformations. An analysis of the process of recategorization undertaken by chefs and restaurateurs reveals how strategies of category detachment and emulation are employed simultaneously: on the one side, to achieve a distancing from those held to be lower in the culinary hierarchy (ethnic restaurants/chefs) and, on the other side, to emulate those perceived to be above them in status (high-end restaurants). A third strategy identified is horizontal differentiation within the category – initiated by newcomers to ensure distinction and further secure their membership to the higher status category. Our analysis reveals the agency of producers in enacting status change by a focus on mainly material practices, while showing that recategorization is made possible by external societal and cultural transformations.
本文研究了文化领域中个体从先前的低地位类别过渡到高地位类别的策略,以便在地位等级中上升。以伦敦和纽约等全球城市的美食为例,我们研究了高端餐厅和民族餐厅之间曾经严格的界限是如何被打破的,从而导致了行业的变革。对厨师和餐馆老板进行的重新分类过程的分析揭示了类别分离和模仿的策略是如何同时使用的:一方面,与那些在烹饪等级中被认为较低的人(民族餐馆/厨师)保持距离,另一方面,模仿那些在地位上被认为高于他们的人(高端餐馆)。第三种策略是类别内的横向差异化——由新来者发起,以确保区别并进一步确保他们成为更高地位类别的成员。我们的分析揭示了生产者通过主要关注物质实践来实现地位变化的代理,同时表明外部社会和文化转型使重新分类成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Appraisal and Masculine Authority: The Boys Clubs' Derogatory Method of Reading Canadian Feminist Speculative Fiction. 批判评价与男性权威:男孩俱乐部对加拿大女性主义思辨小说的贬损式阅读。
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/17499755211062654
Marie-Lise Drapeau-Bisson

Culture scholars have shown that cultural intermediaries play a crucial role in the reproduction of inequalities in consecration (Corse and Westervelt, 2002; Maguire Smith and Matthews, 2012; Miller, 2014; Ridgeway, 2011; Steinberg, 1990 cited in Bourdieu, 2010). However, the analysis of gender inequalities in reception and canonization has focused on individual bias, neglecting the contribution of scholars of hegemonic masculinity about the importance of patterned practices in the reproduction of men's dominance over women (Connell and Messerschmidt, 2005). Given that art worlds are not settings where typical markers of hegemonic masculinity are valued, such as money and physical prowess, what are the tools of hegemonic masculinity in art worlds? I answer this question through a comparative analysis of the reception of two iconic Canadian feminist novels: L'Euguélionne (2012 [1976]) by Louky Bersianik and The Handmaid's Tale (1985) by Margaret Atwood. Building on feminist scholarship, I find that the discursive apparatus of hegemonic masculinity in art worlds consists of a derogatory method of reading employed by critics in newspapers. This method of reading is founded on three discursive components: (i) a reductive reading of feminist politics; (ii) a man-centred assessment of feminism and (iii) a questioning of women's creative credibility which belittles the contribution of feminist authors. By translating the concept of boys' club (Delvaux, 2019) and identifying its derogatory method of reading, I propose a framework that illuminates how critical appraisal shapes discursive resources available for both professional and non-professional readers to draw upon for evaluation and classification of women's cultural productions and feminist engagements.

文化学者已经表明,文化中介在奉献不平等的再生产中起着至关重要的作用(Corse和Westervelt, 2002;马奎尔·史密斯和马修斯,2012;米勒,2014;山脊路,2011;Steinberg, 1990,引自Bourdieu, 2010)。然而,对性别不平等的接受和崇拜的分析主要集中在个人偏见上,忽视了霸权男性主义学者的贡献,即模式实践在男性对女性统治的再生产中的重要性(Connell和Messerschmidt, 2005)。考虑到艺术世界并不是看重典型的男性霸权标志的地方,比如金钱和身体能力,那么在艺术世界中,男性霸权的工具是什么?我通过对比分析两部标志性的加拿大女权主义小说的接受度来回答这个问题:劳基·贝尔西亚尼克的《尤格·萨蒙恩》(2012[1976])和玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《使女的故事》(1985)。在女权主义学术研究的基础上,我发现艺术世界中男性霸权的话语机器是由报纸上评论家使用的贬损的阅读方法组成的。这种阅读方法建立在三个话语成分的基础上:(i)对女权主义政治的还原阅读;(2)以男性为中心的女权主义评价;(3)质疑女性创作的可信度,贬低女权主义作家的贡献。通过翻译男孩俱乐部的概念(Delvaux, 2019)并确定其贬损的阅读方法,我提出了一个框架,该框架阐明了批判性评价如何塑造专业和非专业读者可用的话语资源,以评估和分类女性文化产品和女权主义参与。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Materializing Difference: Consumer Culture, Politics, and Ethnicity among Romanian Roma 书评:物质化差异:罗马尼亚罗姆人的消费文化、政治和种族
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/17499755221092888
Anastasia Loukianov
Materializing Difference: Consumer Culture, Politics, and Ethnicity among Romanian Roma is a fascinating foray into the role of silver beakers and roofed tankards in the prestige economies, politics and in the ethnic and patrilineal identities of the Gabor Roma and, to a lesser extent, of the Cǎrhar Roma. To someone with no previous knowledge of Gabor Roma culture, it has proved both engaging and accessible. The monograph is primarily based on 33 months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in Transylvania conducted over 20 years. Highlighting the lack of research on the ideologies and practices which organize inequalities among Roma people, the book sets out to understand the workings of the politics of difference. The book is organized in three parts, the first of which focuses on the importance of beakers and tankards in Gabor Roma intra-ethnic relationships and politics. Berta begins with an exposé of the strategies used by Gabors to establish hierarchies of prestige, namely, the consumption of patina-based (beakers and tankards) as well as of novelty-based (modern western consumer goods) prestige objects, marriage politics, and participation in the ethics of sociability (Chapter 1). Beakers and tankards must have particular characteristics to be considered prestige objects, which differ from those valued on antique markets. When acquired on antique markets, they must follow a process of deastheticization and dehistoricization before being reaestheticized and ethnicized to become proper prestige objects (Chapters 3 and 4). Along with aesthetic characteristics relating to decorations, size, age and material, the Gabor Roma value the ethnicized ownership history of beakers and tankards (Chapters 2 and 4). Ideally passed down from father to son for eternity, these objects are not only prestige markers but also symbols of ethnic and patrilineal identity (Chapter 4). Yet, as financial circumstances change, this state of inalienability is rarely achieved for extended periods of time and owners must part with a tankard or beaker. Among the Gabors, these retail for considerable sums (Chapter 2) and Berta covers sale management (Chapter 5). As the renown and prestige hierarchies are both fluid and only recognized by the Gabor Roma, the Gabors have to ensure a balance between politics of difference and ethics of sociability (Chapter 6). 1092888 CUS0010.1177/17499755221092888Cultural SociologyBook Reviews book-review2022
物质化差异:罗马尼亚罗姆人的消费文化、政治和种族是对银喙和带顶水罐在加博尔罗姆人(Gabor Roma)的声望经济、政治以及种族和父系身份中的作用的一次引人入胜的尝试,在较小程度上,在Cārhar罗姆人中也是如此。对于一个以前不了解加博尔罗姆文化的人来说,事实证明,它既吸引人,又易于理解。该专著主要基于20多年来在特兰西瓦尼亚进行的33个月的多地点民族志实地调查。这本书强调了对罗姆人中组织不平等的意识形态和做法缺乏研究,并着手了解差异政治的运作方式。这本书分为三个部分,第一部分重点介绍烧杯和酒杯在Gabor Roma种族内部关系和政治中的重要性。Berta首先介绍了Gabors用来建立声望等级制度的策略,即基于铜绿(烧杯和酒杯)和基于新奇(现代西方消费品)的声望对象的消费、婚姻政治和参与社交道德(第1章)。烧杯和酒杯必须具有特定的特征才能被视为有声望的物品,这与古董市场上的估价不同。当在古董市场上被收购时,它们必须经过去麻醉和去历史化的过程,然后才能被重新审美和种族化,成为合适的声望对象(第3章和第4章)。除了与装饰、尺寸、年龄和材料相关的美学特征外,Gabor Roma还重视烧杯和酒杯的种族化所有权历史(第2章和第4章)。理想情况下,这些物品将从父亲传给儿子,不仅是声望的标志,也是种族和父系身份的象征(第4章)。然而,随着财务状况的变化,这种不可出租的状态很少会在很长一段时间内实现,业主必须放弃一个水罐或烧杯。在Gabor中,这些零售金额可观(第2章),Berta涵盖销售管理(第5章)。由于声望和声望等级制度都是不稳定的,只有加博尔罗姆人才能承认,加博尔人必须确保差异政治和社交道德之间的平衡(第6章)。1092888 CUS0010.1177/77499755221092888文化社会学书评2022
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引用次数: 0
Rampant Abstraction as a Strategy of Singularization: Genre on Spotify 猖獗的抽象化策略:Spotify上的流派
IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/17499755231172828
Mads Krogh
If processes of categorization are central to cultural sociology, then current developments as regards genre formation in the realm of music-streaming services call for attention. A double process of computerized genre analysis (producing a potentially infinite array of categories) and increasingly context-specific music recommendation (accommodating a vision of limitless personalization) challenges established, scene- and identity-based ideas about genre, as developed in popular-music studies. Drawing on Reckwitz’s (2020) theory of the society of singularities, this article argues for considering this double process as the intersection of the logics of, respectively, the general and the particular. These logics are mediated by a dynamic sense of abstraction, involved in processes of labelling, enabling levels of generality while manifesting a potential for concretion. The increased scope, acceleration, and dynamicity of such abstraction mark genre formation in digital times. The article makes this argument looking particularly at the case of Spotify – market leader and front runner in the noted developments – as a basis for engaging broader questions about musical genre theory in the context of digitized culture and current conditions of musical life.
如果分类过程是文化社会学的核心,那么音乐流媒体服务领域流派形成的当前发展就值得关注。计算机化的流派分析(产生潜在的无限系列的类别)和越来越针对特定背景的音乐推荐(容纳无限个性化的视觉)的双重过程挑战了流行音乐研究中建立的基于场景和身份的流派思想。本文借鉴Reckwitz(2020)关于奇点社会的理论,主张将这一双重过程分别视为一般逻辑和特殊逻辑的交叉点。这些逻辑是由一种动态的抽象感介导的,涉及到标签的过程中,在表现出具体化潜力的同时,实现了普遍性水平。这种抽象的范围、速度和动态性的增加标志着数字时代流派的形成。这篇文章特别着眼于Spotify的案例——市场领导者和著名发展的领跑者——作为在数字化文化和音乐生活现状的背景下对音乐流派理论提出更广泛问题的基础。
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引用次数: 1
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