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Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Perception of the Doctor-Patient Relationship (PREMEPA) Questionnaire in Chronic Multi-Pathological Patients. 慢性多病理患者对医患关系感知(PREMEPA)问卷的跨文化适应性和验证。
IF 3.6 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241241198
María Zarza-Arribas, Juan Francisco Menárguez Puche, Rosario Morales López, Josep Xavier Barber Valles, Domingo Luis Orozco Beltrán

Objective: To conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Primary Care of the PREMEPA doctor-patient relationship perception questionnaire.

Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, using self-administered questionnaires. Qualitative validation: an adapted version of the original questionnaire, was adapted to our culture. The process consisted of the evaluation, cross-cultural adaptation and consensus of a group of experts. The questionnaire was piloted on a sample of 32 patients diagnosed with at least 2 chronic pathologies.

Measures: Cognitive piloting, comprehensibility assessment, content validation and internal consistency analysis using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Quantitative validation: the internal consistency, construct validity and validity of the questionnaire were studied by means of a confirmatory factor analysis developed in a multicenter study, randomly selecting 202 patients with at least 2 chronic pathologies.

Results: Content validity of the new Spanish version was confirmed to be adequate. Comprehensibility and internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.78) were adequate. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good dimensionality, factor relationship and internal consistency, as well as acceptable construct validity. The final result was a 13-item questionnaire consisting of 2 dimensions, which explain 58.5% of the variance: participation in decision-making (accounting for 45.2% of the variance) and person-centered communication (encompassing courtesy, empathy, humanity, and trust).

Conclusions: This adapted version of the PREMEPA questionnaire can be considered valid for use in the Spanish population with a history of chronic pathology. This version of PREMEPA provides a new instrument to understand and improve chronic patient care, which can improve the doctor-patient relationship, encouraging adherence to treatment and enhancing health outcomes.

目的对 PREMEPA 医患关系感知问卷进行跨文化改编,并在基层医疗机构进行验证:描述性横断面研究,采用自填式问卷。定性验证:根据我国文化对原始问卷进行改编。这一过程包括专家组的评估、跨文化调整和共识。问卷在 32 名至少患有两种慢性病的患者中进行了试点:认知试点、可理解性评估、内容验证以及使用克朗巴赫α系数进行的内部一致性分析。定量验证:在一项多中心研究中,随机抽取了 202 名至少患有两种慢性病的患者,通过确认性因子分析对问卷的内部一致性、结构效度和有效性进行了研究:结果:新版西班牙文问卷的内容效度被证实是适当的。可理解性和内部一致性(Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.78)良好。确认性因子分析显示出良好的维度、因子关系和内部一致性,以及可接受的建构效度。最后得出的结果是由两个维度组成的 13 个项目的问卷,这两个维度解释了 58.5%的方差:参与决策(占方差的 45.2%)和以人为本的沟通(包括礼貌、同情、人性化和信任):这一改编版 PREMEPA 问卷可用于有慢性病史的西班牙人群。该版本的 PREMEPA 为了解和改善慢性病患者的护理提供了一种新的工具,可以改善医患关系,鼓励患者坚持治疗,提高健康水平。
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引用次数: 0
An Association Between State Laws Limiting Local Control and Community Smoke-Free Indoor Air in the United States. 美国限制地方控制的州法律与社区无烟室内空气之间的关联。
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241280905
Sunday Azagba, Todd Ebling, Alperen Korkmaz, Jessica King Jensen, Fares Qeadan, Mark Hall

This study examines the association between state laws limiting local control (preemption laws) and local smoke-free policies. We utilized policy data from the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. The primary outcome variable is the presence of a "100% smoke-free policy," across any of 4 indoor settings: workplaces, restaurants, bars, and gaming venues. We employed generalized structural equation modeling to investigate the relationship between state laws pre-empting smoke-free indoor air regulation and local adoption of policies requiring smoke-free air in any public venues, or for specific venues, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Our findings reveal a significant association between state preemption laws and the presence of a local 100% smoke-free indoor policy as of 2023. In states with preemption laws, cities were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy at any venue than cities in states without preemption laws (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.05-0.10). When considering specific smoke-free venues, cities in states with preemption laws were less likely to have a 100% smoke-free indoor policy covering workplaces (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.03-0.09), restaurants (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02-0.07), bars (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.08), and gaming venues (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.09) compared to cities in states without preemption laws. Our study suggests that state preemption laws limit local decision-making and the implementation of public health policies focused on tobacco harms.

本研究探讨了限制地方控制权的州法律(优先权法律)与地方无烟政策之间的关联。我们利用了美国非吸烟者权利基金会(American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation)提供的政策数据。主要结果变量是在工作场所、餐馆、酒吧和游戏场所这 4 种室内环境中是否存在 "100% 无烟政策"。我们采用了广义结构方程模型来研究州法律对室内无烟空气法规的优先权与地方采纳要求在任何公共场所或特定场所实行无烟空气政策之间的关系,并对社会人口特征进行了调整。我们的研究结果表明,各州的免责法律与地方在 2023 年之前实行 100% 室内无烟政策之间存在着重要的关联。在有法律豁免的州,与没有法律豁免的州相比,城市在任何场所实行100%室内无烟政策的可能性都较低(OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.05-0.10)。当考虑到具体的无烟场所时,与没有立法豁免州的城市相比,立法豁免州的城市在工作场所(OR = 0.05,95% CI = 0.03-0.09)、餐馆(OR = 0.04,95% CI = 0.02-0.07)、酒吧(OR = 0.04,95% CI = 0.03-0.08)和游戏场所(OR = 0.03,95% CI = 0.01-0.09)实行100%室内无烟政策的可能性较低。我们的研究表明,各州的豁免法限制了地方决策和以烟草危害为重点的公共卫生政策的实施。
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引用次数: 0
Motivation and Use of Telehealth Among People with Depression in the United States. 美国抑郁症患者使用远程医疗的动机和情况。
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241266515
Soumitra S Bhuyan, Saurabh Kalra, Asos Mahmood, Akasha Rai, Kahuwa Bordoloi, Urmi Basu, Elizabeth O'Callaghan, Marilyn Gardner

Introduction: The global mental health crisis, compounded by the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the urgent need for accessible mental health care solutions. Telehealth services have emerged as a promising technology to address barriers to access mental health services. However, population-based studies examining telehealth utilization among individuals with depression are limited.

Methods: Using data from the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) of 2022 (n = 4502), we investigated telehealth utilization among individuals diagnosed with depression in the United States. We employed multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the association, adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, health status, trust in the medical system, and access to transportation. We also studied the factors that motivated the use of telehealth among individuals diagnosed with depression.

Results: In the multivariable adjusted logistic regression models, individuals diagnosed with depression (AOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.96-3.42) were significantly more likely to use telehealth services relative to individuals with no depression diagnosis. Other factors associated with increased telehealth use included women (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07-1.72), Hispanic ethnicity (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.28-2.48), being married or living with a partner (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.62), frequent healthcare visits (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.71-3.11), health insurance coverage (AOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.04-3.34), confidence in self-care (AOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07-1.78), and lack of reliable transportation (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.01-2.42). Major motivation factors that influenced telehealth use among individuals with depression primarily included convenience, such as reduced travel times, as well as clinicians' recommendations.

Conclusion: Telehealth is a promising option for accessing mental health care, particularly for those with depression. Further research is needed to understand how well telehealth works and how it can be combined with traditional care, ensuring fair costs and keeping information safe.

导言:全球心理健康危机,再加上 COVID-19 大流行所带来的挑战,凸显了人们对无障碍心理保健解决方案的迫切需求。远程保健服务已成为一种很有前景的技术,可以解决获得心理健康服务的障碍。然而,针对抑郁症患者使用远程医疗服务的人群研究却十分有限:利用美国国家癌症研究所 2022 年健康信息全国趋势调查(HINTS)的数据(n = 4502),我们调查了美国被诊断为抑郁症患者的远程医疗使用情况。我们采用了多变量逻辑回归分析来评估这种关联,并对人口统计学、健康行为、健康状况、对医疗系统的信任度以及交通便利性进行了调整。我们还研究了促使抑郁症患者使用远程医疗的因素:在多变量调整逻辑回归模型中,与未诊断出抑郁症的患者相比,诊断出抑郁症的患者(AOR 2.59,95% CI 1.96-3.42)使用远程保健服务的可能性明显更高。与远程保健使用率增加相关的其他因素包括女性(AOR 1.36,95% CI 1.07-1.72)、西班牙裔(AOR 1.78,95% CI 1.28-2.48)、已婚或与伴侣同居(AOR 1.30,95% CI 1.05-1.62)、经常就医(AOR 1.36,95% CI 1.07-1.72)、与远程保健使用率增加相关的其他因素包括62)、频繁就医(AOR 2.31,95% CI 1.71-3.11)、医疗保险覆盖率(AOR 1.86,95% CI 1.04-3.34)、对自我护理的信心(AOR 1.38,95% CI 1.07-1.78)以及缺乏可靠的交通工具(AOR 1.57,95% CI 1.01-2.42)。影响抑郁症患者使用远程医疗的主要动机因素包括方便(如减少旅行时间)和临床医生的建议:结论:远程医疗是获得心理健康护理的一个很有前景的选择,尤其是对抑郁症患者而言。要了解远程保健的效果如何,以及如何将其与传统保健相结合,确保公平的成本和信息安全,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Primary Healthcare Providers' Activities in Linking Patients With Chronic Diseases to Community Organizations: A Scoping Review. 基层医疗机构将慢性病患者与社区组织联系起来的活动:范围审查。
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241257374
Nevena Grgurevic, Maud-Christine Chouinard, Édith Ellefsen, Émilie Hudon, Catherine Hudon

Context: Aging and increasing comorbidities in the population are leading to more complex care for patients and primary healthcare providers. Community organizations (COs) may play a role in the services offered to support patients with chronic diseases (PCDs) but there are currently no clear guidelines to support primary healthcare providers in linking patients to COs.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the role of primary healthcare providers regarding linking PCDs to COs by: (1) describing linking activities; and (2) identifying the main facilitators and barriers associated with these activities.

Methods: This scoping review was based on the Arksey and O'Malley method, completed by Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien. Related keywords were used in 7 databases to search relevant studies. After the initial screening, 135 full texts were assessed for eligibility by 2 reviewers using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Empirical studies describing activities performed by primary healthcare providers in linking PCDs to COs or describing facilitators or barriers to linking activities were included. Studies describing activities linking to other services than COs or located in emergency departments were excluded.

Results: In total, 28 studies were included. Information reported in the studies was classified into 8 main linking activities: capacity development, patient identification, assessment, information, planning, referral, follow-up, and collaboration. Facilitators and barriers to these activities were related to intrapersonal characteristics of providers and patients, professional practice, work environment, relationships, and external influences. Healthcare providers' involvement was often adapted according to their field of practice.

Conclusion: This scoping review details the role of primary healthcare providers when linking PCDs to COs in a collaborative and interdisciplinary context, which can be adapted to clinical practice by providers, experts, or stakeholders to support improvement in chronic care management.

背景:人口老龄化和并发症的增加导致患者和初级医疗服务提供者的护理工作更加复杂。社区组织(COs)可在为慢性病患者(PCDs)提供的服务中发挥作用,但目前还没有明确的指导方针来支持初级医疗服务提供者将患者与社区组织联系起来:本研究的目的是通过以下方式描述基层医疗服务提供者在将 PCD 与 COs 联系起来方面所扮演的角色:(1) 描述链接活动;(2) 确定与这些活动相关的主要促进因素和障碍:本范围界定综述基于 Arksey 和 O'Malley 方法,由 Levac、Colquhoun 和 O'Brien 完成。在 7 个数据库中使用相关关键词搜索相关研究。经过初步筛选后,由两名审查员使用纳入/排除标准对 135 篇全文进行了资格评估。其中包括描述初级医疗保健提供者在将 PCD 与 COs 联系起来方面所开展的活动或描述联系活动的促进因素或障碍的实证研究。结果:共纳入 28 项研究:结果:共纳入 28 项研究。研究中报告的信息分为 8 项主要联系活动:能力发展、患者识别、评估、信息、规划、转诊、跟进和合作。这些活动的促进因素和障碍与医疗服务提供者和患者的个人特征、专业实践、工作环境、人际关系和外部影响有关。医疗服务提供者的参与通常根据其执业领域进行调整:本范围界定综述详细介绍了初级医疗服务提供者在跨学科合作背景下将 PCD 与 COs 联系起来时所扮演的角色,医疗服务提供者、专家或利益相关者可将其应用于临床实践,以支持慢性病护理管理的改善。
{"title":"Primary Healthcare Providers' Activities in Linking Patients With Chronic Diseases to Community Organizations: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Nevena Grgurevic, Maud-Christine Chouinard, Édith Ellefsen, Émilie Hudon, Catherine Hudon","doi":"10.1177/21501319241257374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241257374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Aging and increasing comorbidities in the population are leading to more complex care for patients and primary healthcare providers. Community organizations (COs) may play a role in the services offered to support patients with chronic diseases (PCDs) but there are currently no clear guidelines to support primary healthcare providers in linking patients to COs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe the role of primary healthcare providers regarding linking PCDs to COs by: (1) describing linking activities; and (2) identifying the main facilitators and barriers associated with these activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review was based on the Arksey and O'Malley method, completed by Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien. Related keywords were used in 7 databases to search relevant studies. After the initial screening, 135 full texts were assessed for eligibility by 2 reviewers using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Empirical studies describing activities performed by primary healthcare providers in linking PCDs to COs or describing facilitators or barriers to linking activities were included. Studies describing activities linking to other services than COs or located in emergency departments were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 28 studies were included. Information reported in the studies was classified into 8 main linking activities: capacity development, patient identification, assessment, information, planning, referral, follow-up, and collaboration. Facilitators and barriers to these activities were related to intrapersonal characteristics of providers and patients, professional practice, work environment, relationships, and external influences. Healthcare providers' involvement was often adapted according to their field of practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This scoping review details the role of primary healthcare providers when linking PCDs to COs in a collaborative and interdisciplinary context, which can be adapted to clinical practice by providers, experts, or stakeholders to support improvement in chronic care management.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241257374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Challenges Faced by Primary Care Physicians in Providing Optimal Care for Patients With Hypertension: A Qualitative Study. 探索初级保健医生在为高血压患者提供最佳护理时所面临的挑战:定性研究。
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241291466
Prawira Oka, Aminath Shiwaza Moosa, Chirk Jenn Ng

Background: Globally, most patients with hypertension have suboptimal blood pressure (BP) control. Multiple barriers prevent primary care physicians (PCPs) from effectively caring for these patients. This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by PCPs in providing optimal care for patients with hypertension, with a specific focus on identifying new barriers.

Methods: This qualitative study involved 17 PCPs across 5 primary care clinics in Singapore. A trained researcher conducted individual in-depth interviews using a topic guide. Purposive sampling was employed to ensure adequate representation of seniority until data saturation was achieved. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and independently checked. The data were managed using NVivo and thematic analysis was conducted.

Results: New barriers were divided into patient, physician, drug, and systemrelated factors. Patient factors included a preference for natural health remedies and the inconvenience of blood tests. Meanwhile, physicians faced challenges diagnosing and treating patients with various BP phenotypes and BP variability. The initiation of dual therapy was a drugrelated barrier. Finally, system factors included the suboptimal layout of the electronic medical records (EMR) that impeded effective hypertension management.

Conclusion: A multi-pronged approach is required to address the significant barriers to providing optimal hypertension care. Patients should be empowered through education and minimizing the inconvenience of medication titrations. Additionally, physicians should be better equipped to diagnose and treat patients with more challenging BP phenotypes. Finally, improved access to combination pills and an optimized EMR would contribute to improved care for patients with hypertension.

背景:在全球范围内,大多数高血压患者的血压(BP)控制都不理想。多重障碍阻碍了初级保健医生(PCPs)对这些患者进行有效护理。本研究旨在探讨初级保健医生在为高血压患者提供最佳护理时所面临的挑战,重点是找出新的障碍:这项定性研究涉及新加坡 5 家初级保健诊所的 17 名初级保健医生。一名训练有素的研究人员使用主题指南进行了个人深度访谈。研究人员采用了有目的的抽样方法,以确保在达到数据饱和之前有足够的资历代表。访谈录音被逐字转录,并经过独立检查。使用 NVivo 对数据进行管理,并进行主题分析:新障碍分为患者、医生、药物和系统相关因素。患者因素包括偏好自然健康疗法和血液化验的不便。同时,医生在诊断和治疗各种血压表型和血压变化的患者时面临挑战。启动双重疗法是一个与药物有关的障碍。最后,系统因素包括电子病历(EMR)的布局不够理想,阻碍了有效的高血压管理:结论:需要采取多管齐下的方法来解决提供最佳高血压治疗的重大障碍。应通过教育增强患者的能力,尽量减少药物滴定带来的不便。此外,医生应更好地诊断和治疗血压表型更具挑战性的患者。最后,改善复方药片的使用和优化 EMR 将有助于改善对高血压患者的护理。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Role of Nurses in Travel Medicine to Improve Service Performance in Travelers: A Systematic Review. 探索护士在旅行医疗中的作用,提高旅行者的服务绩效:系统回顾。
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241287454
Komang Matalia Gandari, Luh Seri Ani, I Made Adi Wirawan

Nurses play an important role in travel medicine. However, information about the role of nurses in travel medicine is still limited. This systematic literature review is aimed to exploring the role of nurses in travel medicine to improve service performance in travelers. This study was systematically compiled this review based on a literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The inclusion criteria are articles about travel health nursing, complete original articles, articles written in English and non-review articles. The quality of the studies was also assessed based on the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies. About 5 out of 257 articles were selected from 3 electronic databases, namely PubMed, Ebsco Host, and Scopus. Analysis of the 5 articles found that the role of travel health caregivers differs from country to country. The primary role of nurses in travel health in the U.S. is to conduct are-travel counseling. Nurses in the Netherlands have the authority to prescribe medicines needed for tourists. In Iris nurses play a role in providing support to the mental health of individual tourists, while in Spain, nurses play a role in emergency care for tourists. Nurses play an important role in the health of travel, including health services for travelers before and during the trip. The results of this review add to the understanding of the role of nurses in travel medicine that contributes to improving nurse performance and tourist welfare.

护士在旅行医疗中发挥着重要作用。然而,有关护士在旅行医疗中的作用的信息仍然有限。本系统性文献综述旨在探讨护士在旅行医疗中的作用,以提高旅行者的服务绩效。本研究采用系统综述和元分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)方法,在文献检索的基础上系统地编撰了本综述。纳入标准是有关旅行健康护理的文章、完整的原创文章、英文文章和非综述文章。研究质量还根据纽卡斯尔-渥太华观察性研究量表(Newcastle Ottawa Scale)进行评估。研究人员从 PubMed、Ebsco Host 和 Scopus 三个电子数据库中选取了 257 篇文章中的约 5 篇。对这 5 篇文章进行分析后发现,旅行保健护理人员的角色因国家而异。在美国,护士在旅行保健中的主要职责是提供旅行咨询。荷兰的护士有权为游客开具所需药品。在爱尔兰,护士的作用是为游客个人的心理健康提供支持,而在西班牙,护士的作用是为游客提供紧急护理。护士在旅行健康方面发挥着重要作用,包括在旅行前和旅行期间为游客提供健康服务。本综述的结果加深了人们对护士在旅行医疗中的作用的了解,有助于提高护士的绩效和游客的福利。
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引用次数: 0
Needs and Opportunities for Anal Cancer Prevention in Patients Engaged With PrEP Care: Development of Conceptual Model. 参与 PrEP 护理的患者预防肛门癌的需求和机遇:概念模型的开发。
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241295914
Christopher W Wheldon, Cristian L Flores, Imani Wilson-Shabazz, Caseem C Luck, Katie Singley, Sarah B Bass

Introduction: Populations at risk for HIV infection-including gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) and transgender/gender diverse people (TGD)-are at disproportionate risk for anal cancer. Most anal cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and are preventable with HPV vaccination and screening. Engaging at-risk populations who are already receiving HIV preventive care (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]) may be an effective implementation strategy. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the information, motivation, and behavioral skills that influence decisions about anal cancer prevention and to (2) describe the healthcare utilization patterns among PrEP users that impact their engagement in anal cancer prevention.

Methods: Using purposive sampling in the United States, we ensured diverse representation among PrEP users aged 18 to 45 across gender and ethnoracial identities. Recruitment sources included primary healthcare clinics, social media, and community venues. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using structural, pattern, and theoretical approaches.

Results: Participants (N = 36) were mostly cisgender gay ethnoracial minority men. We identified 29 unique codes that were nested within 3 categories: individual decision-making, healthcare utilization patterns, and healthcare system influences. Participants commonly lacked essential information about HPV and anal cancer, often holding misconceptions about risks and prevention. Motivation for anal cancer prevention was driven by healthcare interactions and perceived risks, while fragmented healthcare and reliance on telemedicine were potential barriers. Many participants used telehealth services to access PrEP, described it as convenience, cost-effective, and liked the lack of provider interaction. Some participants used telehealth for PrEP and did not have a primary care provider. The importance of access to LGBTQ+-affirmative healthcare services was highlighted.

Conclusions: Integrating patient education and prevention services into ongoing PrEP management can enhance the reach and equity of anal cancer prevention. Our model underscores critical areas of misinformation, necessary systems-level changes, and unmet needs.

导言:艾滋病病毒感染高危人群--包括男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者(GBM)以及变性人/跨性别者(TGD)--罹患肛门癌的风险更高。大多数肛门癌是由人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 引起的,通过接种 HPV 疫苗和筛查是可以预防的。让已经接受艾滋病预防护理(如暴露前预防 [PrEP])的高危人群参与进来可能是一种有效的实施策略。本研究的目的是:(1) 确定影响肛门癌预防决策的信息、动机和行为技能;(2) 描述影响 PrEP 使用者参与肛门癌预防的医疗保健利用模式:方法:我们在美国采用目的性抽样,确保 18 至 45 岁的 PrEP 使用者在性别和种族身份方面具有不同的代表性。招募来源包括初级保健诊所、社交媒体和社区场所。采用结构、模式和理论方法对半结构式访谈进行记录、转录和编码:结果:参与者(N = 36)大多为少数族裔男性同性恋者。我们确定了 29 个独特的编码,这些编码被嵌套在 3 个类别中:个人决策、医疗保健利用模式和医疗保健系统影响。参与者普遍缺乏有关人乳头瘤病毒和肛门癌的基本信息,往往对风险和预防存在误解。预防肛门癌的动机来自于医疗保健互动和感知到的风险,而分散的医疗保健和对远程医疗的依赖则是潜在的障碍。许多参与者使用远程医疗服务来获得 PrEP,他们认为这样做既方便又具有成本效益,并且喜欢没有医护人员的互动。一些参与者使用远程保健服务进行 PrEP 治疗,但没有初级保健提供者。他们强调了获得 LGBTQ+ 医疗保健服务的重要性:结论:将患者教育和预防服务整合到持续的 PrEP 管理中可以提高肛门癌预防的覆盖面和公平性。我们的模型强调了错误信息的关键领域、必要的系统变革以及未满足的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting Social Participation in the Primary Care Field: An Ecological Study on the Potential Reduction of Multimorbidity Prevalence. 促进初级保健领域的社会参与:关于降低多病流行可能性的生态学研究》。
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241293717
Ryota Takahashi, Tadao Okada, Kazushige Ide, Taishi Tsuji, Katsunori Kondo

Background: No municipal-level study has elucidated the social determinants associated with multimorbidity prevalence (MP).

Objective: This article aimed to determine the differences in MP among municipalities and investigate factors associated with such differences through an ecological study of data obtained from a nationwide survey. This article focused on social participation and household income, which are associated with single chronic diseases, such as hypertension.

Methods: Study design was a cross sectional study, which used the data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based gerontological study among functionally independent older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan. Overall, 152 212 participants from 2016 to 2017 across 91 municipalities were included in the final analysis. Multiple regression analysis was performed with MP as objective variable; social participation or household income were explanatory variables, and education, population density, and health check-ups were adjustment variables.

Results: Intermunicipal differences in MP were 28.4% to 43.1% and 23.2% to 38.8% among men and women, respectively. Significant negative correlation was observed between MP and proportion of social participation (non-standardized coefficient [B] = -.18 for men and women). A significant positive correlation was noted between MP and equivalent household income of ≤2 million yen in women (B = .21).

Conclusion: Considerable differences in MP existed among municipalities. Areas with high proportion of social participation showed significantly lower MP. Considering the difficulty in managing multimorbidity within the primary care field and limited evidence on effective interventions, community-level interventions encouraging social participation among older individuals might reduce MP. Primary care physicians should consider a community health approach for multimorbidity.

背景:没有一项市级研究阐明了与多病症患病率(MP)相关的社会决定因素:还没有一项市级研究阐明了与多病症患病率(MP)相关的社会决定因素:本文旨在通过对全国范围内的调查数据进行生态学研究,确定各市多病患病率的差异,并调查与这些差异相关的因素。本文重点关注与高血压等单一慢性病相关的社会参与和家庭收入:研究设计为横断面研究,使用了日本老年学评估研究的数据,该研究是一项基于人口的老年学研究,对象是日本年龄≥65 岁、功能独立的老年人。最终分析共纳入了 2016 年至 2017 年 91 个市镇的 152 212 名参与者。以MP为客观变量,社会参与或家庭收入为解释变量,教育、人口密度和健康检查为调整变量,进行多元回归分析:结果:男性和女性的 MP 在城市间的差异分别为 28.4% 至 43.1%,23.2% 至 38.8%。MP 与社会参与比例之间存在显著的负相关(男性和女性的非标准化系数 [B] = -.18)。女性的 MP 与等值家庭收入低于 200 万日元之间存在明显的正相关(B = .21):结论:不同城市的 MP 存在很大差异。社会参与比例高的地区的 MP 明显较低。考虑到在初级保健领域管理多病症的困难以及有效干预措施的证据有限,鼓励老年人参与社会活动的社区干预措施可能会降低 MP。初级保健医生应考虑采用社区保健方法来治疗多病症。
{"title":"Promoting Social Participation in the Primary Care Field: An Ecological Study on the Potential Reduction of Multimorbidity Prevalence.","authors":"Ryota Takahashi, Tadao Okada, Kazushige Ide, Taishi Tsuji, Katsunori Kondo","doi":"10.1177/21501319241293717","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241293717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No municipal-level study has elucidated the social determinants associated with multimorbidity prevalence (MP).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aimed to determine the differences in MP among municipalities and investigate factors associated with such differences through an ecological study of data obtained from a nationwide survey. This article focused on social participation and household income, which are associated with single chronic diseases, such as hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study design was a cross sectional study, which used the data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based gerontological study among functionally independent older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan. Overall, 152 212 participants from 2016 to 2017 across 91 municipalities were included in the final analysis. Multiple regression analysis was performed with MP as objective variable; social participation or household income were explanatory variables, and education, population density, and health check-ups were adjustment variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intermunicipal differences in MP were 28.4% to 43.1% and 23.2% to 38.8% among men and women, respectively. Significant negative correlation was observed between MP and proportion of social participation (non-standardized coefficient [<i>B</i>] = -.18 for men and women). A significant positive correlation was noted between MP and equivalent household income of ≤2 million yen in women (<i>B</i> = .21).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considerable differences in MP existed among municipalities. Areas with high proportion of social participation showed significantly lower MP. Considering the difficulty in managing multimorbidity within the primary care field and limited evidence on effective interventions, community-level interventions encouraging social participation among older individuals might reduce MP. Primary care physicians should consider a community health approach for multimorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241293717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of Neighborhood Trust and Support on Parenting Stress of Mothers With Young Children in Japan. 邻里信任和支持对日本幼儿母亲育儿压力的影响》(The Effects of Neighborhood Trust and Support on Parenting Stress of Mothers With Young Children in Japan)。
IF 3.6 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241237056
Noriko Kaneko, Muneko Nishijo, Keiko Agawa, Kazuko Ishigaki, Yoshikazu Nishino

Introduction: While childrearing can enhance mothers' psychological well-being, parenting can also increase mental stress for mothers with young children, which is considered a risk factor for child maltreatment. A lack of social capital reportedly influences mothers' parenting, but few studies have investigated the effects of social capital on the perception of mental stress and well-being associated with childrearing among mothers with young children. Therefore, we investigated the effects of lower perceived neighborhood trust and support on higher mental stress and/or lower well-being associated with childrearing among Japanese mothers with children aged 2 to 3 years.

Methods: A total of 570 mothers with children (aged 2-3 years) in nursery school were invited to join the survey. The childrearing perspective scale for mothers (CPS-M97) was used to evaluate mothers' perceptions of mental stress and well-being associated with childrearing. Odds ratios (ORs) reflecting lower satisfaction/fulfillment scores (ie, well-being) and/or higher burdened/anxious scores (ie, mental stress) associated with perceived social capital levels were analyzed, after adjusting for confounding factors.

Results: The OR for lower satisfaction/fulfillment scores was significantly higher (OR = 1.77) for mothers with lower neighborhood trust. Significantly increased ORs for higher burdened/anxious scores were found in mothers with lower neighborhood trust (OR = 1.50) and support (OR = 1.49). The ORs for poor mental status, with lower satisfaction/fulfillment scores and higher burdened/anxious scores, were significantly increased in mothers with lower neighborhood trust (OR = 1.96) and lower neighborhood support (OR = 2.10).

Conclusions: Higher social capital was associated with higher psychological well-being and/or lower mental stress in Japanese childrearing mothers. These results suggest that enhancing social capital is necessary to facilitate successful parenting that contributes to the prevention of child maltreatment.

简介养育子女可以提高母亲的心理健康水平,但养育子女也会增加幼儿母亲的心理压力,这被认为是虐待儿童的一个风险因素。据报道,社会资本的缺乏会影响母亲的养育子女行为,但很少有研究调查社会资本对有幼儿的母亲的心理压力感知和与养育子女相关的幸福感的影响。因此,我们调查了有 2-3 岁孩子的日本母亲在育儿过程中,较低的邻里信任和支持感对较高的精神压力和/或较低的幸福感的影响:我们共邀请了 570 位有 2-3 岁幼儿的母亲参加调查。母亲育儿观点量表(CPS-M97)用于评估母亲对育儿相关的精神压力和幸福感的看法。在对混杂因素进行调整后,分析了反映与感知的社会资本水平相关的较低满意度/充实感得分(即幸福感)和/或较高负担/焦虑得分(即精神压力)的比值比(ORs):邻里信任度较低的母亲满意度/幸福感得分较低的 OR 值明显较高(OR = 1.77)。邻里信任度(OR = 1.50)和支持度(OR = 1.49)较低的母亲,其负担/焦虑得分较高的 OR 值显著增加。在邻里信任度较低(OR = 1.96)和邻里支持度较低(OR = 2.10)的母亲中,精神状态不佳(满意/充实得分较低、负担/焦虑得分较高)的ORs显著增加:结论:较高的社会资本与日本育儿母亲较高的心理健康和/或较低的精神压力有关。这些结果表明,提高社会资本是促进成功养育子女的必要条件,有助于预防虐待儿童。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using CogEvo: A Computerized Cognitive Function Assessment Tool. 使用 CogEvo 评估轻度认知功能障碍:计算机化认知功能评估工具
IF 3 Q1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241239228
Toru Satoh, Yoichi Sawada, Hideaki Saba, Hiroshi Kitamoto, Yoshiki Kato, Yoshiko Shiozuka, Tomoko Kuwada, Sayoko Shima, Kana Murakami, Megumi Sasaki, Yudai Abe, Kaori Harano

Introduction/objectives: To assess the utility of the computerized cognitive function assessment tool, CogEvo, as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in primary care, we explored the relationship between CogEvo performance, age, and the severity of cognitive dysfunction evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Methods: The observational cross-sectional study included 209 individuals' data (mean age 79.4 ± 8.9 years). We conducted a correlation analysis between CogEvo and MMSE scores, compared the performance among the 3 cognitive function groups (MMSE ≥ 28 group; MMSE24-27 group; MMSE ≤ 23 group) using the MMSE cut-off, and evaluated CogEvo's predictive accuracy for cognitive dysfunction through ROC analysis.

Results: Both total CogEvo and MMSE scores significantly decreased with age. A significant positive correlation was observed between total CogEvo and MMSE scores, but a ceiling effect was detected in MMSE performance. Significant differences were observed in the total CogEvo score, including orientation and spatial cognitive function scores, among the 3 groups. CogEvo showed no educational bias. ROC analyses indicated moderate discrimination between the MMSE ≥ 28 group and the MMSE24-27 and MMSE ≤ 23 groups.

Conclusions: The computer-administered CogEvo has the advantage of not exhibiting ceiling effects or educational bias like the MMSE, and was found to be able to detect age-related cognitive decline and impairment.

简介/目的为了评估计算机化认知功能评估工具 CogEvo 作为初级保健中轻度认知功能障碍筛查工具的实用性,我们探讨了 CogEvo 性能、年龄和通过迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)评估的认知功能障碍严重程度之间的关系:观察性横断面研究包括 209 人的数据(平均年龄为 79.4 ± 8.9 岁)。我们对 CogEvo 和 MMSE 分数进行了相关性分析,使用 MMSE 临界值比较了 3 个认知功能组(MMSE ≥ 28 组;MMSE24-27 组;MMSE ≤ 23 组)的表现,并通过 ROC 分析评估了 CogEvo 对认知功能障碍的预测准确性:结果:随着年龄的增长,CogEvo和MMSE总分均明显下降。CogEvo 总分和 MMSE 分数之间存在明显的正相关,但在 MMSE 表现中发现了天花板效应。在 CogEvo 总分(包括定向和空间认知功能得分)方面,3 组之间存在明显差异。CogEvo 没有显示出教育偏差。ROC分析表明,MMSE≥28组与MMSE24-27组和MMSE≤23组之间存在中等程度的差异:结论:计算机管理的 CogEvo 具有不像 MMSE 那样表现出天花板效应或教育偏差的优点,并且能够检测出与年龄相关的认知能力下降和损伤。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Primary Care and Community Health
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