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Alcoholic herbal sex drinks and the construction of masculinities in Nigeria 酒精性草药饮料与尼日利亚男性气质的构建
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221132990
Daniel Oluwafemi Ajayi
Extant works on masculinities have focused on their differential patterns in Nigeria. However, none of these studies has examined how masculinities are constructed through the metaphorical representation of alcoholic herbal sex drinks and their functions. Drawing insights from Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, Forceville’s visual metaphor and van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach to ideology to analyze the names together with verbo-visual conceptualization of alcoholic herbal sex drinks, this paper discusses some of the subcultural ideologies that delineate masculinities among the manufacturers, sellers, and consumers of these drinks in southwestern Nigeria. Analysis of the data reveals the construction of masculinities by this group in terms of the territorial and subordinating sexual status of the male. Also, the male sex organ and muscular male body are conceptualized by this group as sexual weapons, controllers of the female sexual satisfaction, and the cleaning agents for vagina. The paper concludes that these drinks and the associated sexual beliefs reflect some of the trending subcultural ideologies that discursively shape the construction of masculinities in Nigeria.
现存的关于男子气概的研究主要集中在尼日利亚的不同模式上。然而,这些研究都没有考察过男性气概是如何通过含酒精的草药性饮料的隐喻表征及其功能来构建的。借鉴Lakoff和Johnson的概念隐喻理论、Forceville的视觉隐喻和van Dijk的社会认知方法来分析酒精性饮料的名称以及动词视觉概念化,本文讨论了尼日利亚西南部这些饮料的制造商、销售商和消费者之间的一些亚文化意识形态,这些亚文化意识形态描绘了男性气概。对数据的分析揭示了这一群体在男性的领土和从属性地位方面对男性气质的建构。此外,男性性器官和肌肉发达的男性身体被这一群体概念化为性武器,女性性满足的控制者和阴道的清洁剂。论文的结论是,这些饮料和相关的性信仰反映了一些流行的亚文化意识形态,这些亚文化意识形态在话语上塑造了尼日利亚的男子气概。
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引用次数: 0
How US judges manage a dilemma narrating their careers 美国法官如何应对讲述自己职业生涯的困境
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221133016
K. Tracy
In the United States the law espouses contrary principles about the relationship between identity categories, such as race and gender, and justice. On the one hand, a more representative judiciary is seen to be a way to ensure greater justice. On the other, the law is assumed to be “blind” to parties’ identities; race and gender of judges and litigants doesn’t matter. These contrary principles create a dilemma when judges narrate their career. This study examines interviews with 20 retired and senior judges, five judges of each of four racial-gender categories: Black and white men and women, culled from the city of Philadelphia’s Senior Judge Oral History Program. After providing specifics about the Senior Judge interviews, past research on gender and race influences on professional talk, and describing issues to consider in interviews, I analyze the interviews and show that judges deal with the dilemma of identities mattering AND identities not mattering by distinguishing two phases of life: how a person came to be a judge and what a person did as a judge. In explaining how one came to be a judge, the person’s race and gender were clear influences. In contrast, when judges narrated their work activities, what they did as a judge, there were few discursive tells revealing a judge’s race or gender. In concluding I consider the problems and advantages of managing this justice-identities dilemma in the fashion that these judges did and suggest a direction for future research.
在美国,法律在种族和性别等身份类别与正义之间的关系上支持相反的原则。一方面,更具代表性的司法机构被视为确保更大正义的一种方式。另一方面,法律被认为对当事人的身份“视而不见”;法官和诉讼当事人的种族和性别并不重要。当法官讲述他们的职业生涯时,这些相反的原则造成了一个困境。本研究对20名退休和高级法官进行了采访,其中五名法官分别来自四个种族性别类别:黑人和白人男性和女性,这些法官都是从费城高级法官口述历史项目中挑选出来的。在提供高级法官访谈的细节,过去关于性别和种族对专业谈话影响的研究,以及描述访谈中需要考虑的问题之后,我分析了访谈,并表明法官通过区分人生的两个阶段来处理身份重要和身份不重要的困境:一个人如何成为一名法官和一个人作为一名法官做了什么。在解释一个人如何成为一名法官时,这个人的种族和性别是明显的影响因素。相比之下,当法官讲述他们的工作活动时,他们作为法官所做的事情,很少有话语性的讲述揭示了法官的种族或性别。最后,我考虑了以这些法官的方式处理这种司法身份困境的问题和优势,并提出了未来研究的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Counter-discourse production in social media: A feminist CDA of a Weibo post 社交媒体中的反话语生产:一篇微博帖子的女权主义CDA
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221150187
Qiongzi Wang, Huhua Ouyang
This article looks at the mechanism of counter-discourse production as a form of feminist digital activism in China. Taking the case of a Weibo post as an illustrative example, it explores how the counter-discourses against gender asymmetry are created, what accounts for the maintenance and dissemination of the counter-discourses, how the counter-discourses become part of the online discursive activism with online and offline effects, and what inspirations the ecology of such counter-discourse formation has for future feminist digital activism. Applying feminist critical discourse analysis (CDA) with linguistic and textual analysis, it seeks to reveal that, with linguistic device of satire, a Weibo post generated a counterpublic that challenges the dominant patriarchal discourse by exposing the hidden nature of its rhetoric and making visible what used to be taken for granted. It further demonstrates that, by utilizing the digital tool of screenshot and media mechanism of hashtag, the counterpublic produced and disseminated counter-discourses that generated, on top of conscious-raising, the will and agency to spread feminist thinking to compete with the dominant gender discourse and promote activism aimed at changing the status quo.
本文着眼于反话语生产的机制,作为中国女权主义数字行动主义的一种形式。以一条微博为例,探讨了反对性别不对称的反话语是如何产生的,反话语的维持和传播的原因是什么,反话语是如何成为具有线上和线下影响的网络话语行动主义的一部分,以及这种反话语形成的生态对未来女权主义数字行动主义的启示。本文将女性主义批评话语分析(CDA)与语言和文本分析相结合,试图揭示,通过讽刺的语言手段,微博帖子通过揭露其修辞的隐藏性,并将过去被视为理所当然的东西呈现出来,从而产生了挑战占主导地位的父权话语的反公众。进一步表明,反公众利用截图这一数字工具和标签这一媒介机制,生产和传播反话语,在提高意识的基础上,产生传播女权主义思想的意志和能动性,与主流性别话语竞争,推动旨在改变现状的行动主义。
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引用次数: 0
‘Repetition without change?’: A critical discourse analysis of selected ZANU-PF advertisements for the July 2013 and July 2018 elections '重复而不更改?':2013年7月和2018年7月选举中ZANU-PF广告的批判性话语分析
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221132977
Albert Chibuwe, Allen Munoriyarwa
Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and anchored on CDA theory, we argue that as the ruling party’s governance record increasingly came under scrutiny in two election cycles researched, the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), largely maintained its old strategies of power legitimation. However, it altered the message in order to reflect the changing intensity of political contestation, an increasingly bellicose political opposition and growing dissent within its own ranks, as well as the shifting economic fortunes of the country. Forced to campaign under these circumstances, ZANU-PF trusted, with notable variations, its old discourse strategies to produce election advertisements that legitimised its hold on power, hegemony and spread its ideology. The findings show that whereas in July, 2018, the message changed to reflect the leadership change, ZANU-PF’s legitimation strategies remained unchanged. Similarly, we note that whereas the ‘them’ that had to be de-legitimised in 2013 was unequivocally Tsvangirai and the Movement for Democratic Change Tsvangirai (MDC-T), in 2018 ‘them’ not only referred to Nelson Chamisa and MDC Alliance, but it also referred to Mugabe and curiously not ZANU-PF under Mugabe. Including ZANU-PF under Mugabe, we argue, would have also inadvertently de-legitimised both Mnangagwa and ZANU-PF.
根据批判性话语分析(CDA),并以批判性话语分析理论为基础,我们认为,在所研究的两个选举周期中,随着执政党的执政记录越来越受到审查,津巴布韦非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线(ZANU-PF)在很大程度上保持了其权力合法化的旧策略。然而,它改变了信息,以反映政治竞争强度的变化、日益好战的政治反对派和内部日益增长的异议,以及国家经济命运的变化。在这种情况下被迫竞选,非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线信任其古老的话语策略,并进行了显著的变化,以制作选举广告,使其对权力、霸权的控制合法化,并传播其意识形态。调查结果显示,2018年7月,信息发生了变化,以反映领导层的变化,而非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线的合法化策略保持不变。同样,我们注意到,尽管2013年不得不取消合法化的“他们”明确是茨万吉拉伊和民主变革运动茨万吉拉,但在2018年,“他们”不仅指纳尔逊·查米萨和争取民主变革运动联盟,而且还指穆加贝,奇怪的是,不是穆加贝领导下的非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线。我们认为,包括穆加贝领导下的非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线,也会无意中使姆南加瓜和非洲民族联盟/爱国阵线失去合法性。
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引用次数: 0
The development of a multidimensional meaning of tax: From unfair tax to fair 税收发展的多维意义:从不公平税收到公平税收
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221131219
Axel Hilling, Niklas Sandell, Amanda Sonnerfeldt, Anders Vilhelmsson
Historically, companies have communicated taxes as a burden, as the benefits provided by governments are not perceived to be in proportion to their payments. With sustainable development becoming central in many policy areas, new discourses including ‘fair’ or ‘sustainable’ tax have become omnipresent in public talk on taxes. This paper analyzes tax discourses in corporate annual reports within this changing context to examine the use of language in the construction of the meaning of tax. By analyzing tax reporting by a state-owned multinational company over two decades, we observe that the communication of taxes increased in both number and types of discourses. Importantly, this highlights the shift in tax discourses from one dominated by codified accounting discourse reinforcing the monolithic representation of tax as an unfair expense, to one where tax is given a multidimensional meaning within a broader discursive context, where tax is a meaningful corporate responsibility to society.
从历史上看,企业一直将税收视为一种负担,因为政府提供的福利被认为与它们的纳税不成比例。随着可持续发展成为许多政策领域的核心,包括“公平”或“可持续”税收在内的新话语在公共税收讨论中无处不在。本文分析了在这种变化的背景下公司年报中的税收话语,以考察语言在税收意义构建中的使用。通过分析一家国有跨国公司近二十年的税务报告,我们观察到,税收的沟通在话语数量和类型上都有所增加。重要的是,这凸显了税收话语的转变,从一个由编纂会计话语主导的话语,强化了税收作为不公平费用的单一代表,到一个在更广泛的话语背景下赋予税收多维意义的话语,税收是对社会有意义的企业责任。
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引用次数: 0
‘I’m actually shocked of how rude you are!’ Communication challenges in webchat-based customer service “事实上,我对你如此粗鲁感到震惊!”基于网络聊天的客户服务中的沟通挑战
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221123843
Erika Darics, Jane Lockwood
Computer-mediated webchat is fast replacing voice support in customer service. Whilst previous studies have explored how communication breaks down in customer service voice exchange in off-shored/outsourced multinational companies; studies into webchat exchange in the same industries are scarce. Given the high stakes of customer service interactions – for example customer satisfaction, return intention and loyalty to the company – there is an urgent need to understand how conversations unfold, in a linguistic sense, in successful and unsuccessful service. This study, using interactional linguistics, has used a close interpretative process to analyse instances of problematic exchange showing two key causes of communicative disruption. This first relates to disrupted turn adjacency where the sequence and flow of the exchange becomes confusing. The second relates to conceptual misunderstandings of terms in the exchange that may have multiple meanings. As workplaces invest millions of dollar in recruiting, training and appraising global webchat agents to serve their customers, the findings of this study can fruitfully inform webchat training and coaching that impact performance at work and provide high satisfaction to customers.
以计算机为媒介的网络聊天正在迅速取代客户服务中的语音支持。虽然之前的研究已经探讨了在离岸/外包跨国公司的客户服务语音交换中沟通是如何中断的;对同一行业的网络聊天交流的研究很少。考虑到客户服务互动的高风险——例如客户满意度、回报意愿和对公司的忠诚度——我们迫切需要从语言学的角度理解,在成功和不成功的服务中,对话是如何展开的。本研究使用互动语言学,使用了一个密切的解释过程来分析有问题的交流实例,显示了交际中断的两个关键原因。这首先涉及到中断的回合邻接,其中交换的顺序和流程变得混乱。第二个问题涉及交换中可能有多种含义的术语的概念性误解。随着工作场所投入数百万美元用于招聘、培训和评估全球网络聊天代理来为客户服务,本研究的结果可以有效地为网络聊天培训和指导提供信息,从而影响工作绩效并为客户提供高满意度。
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引用次数: 0
‘Smash this sissy boy’s mouth, Cuiguo!’: Framing and humor in gay Taiwanese YouTubers’ self-disclosures about being bullied “快把这个娘娘腔的嘴砸碎,翠果!”:台湾同性恋YouTuber自我揭露被欺负事件的框架与幽默
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221132978
L. Chen
Sharing one’s past experience of being bullied is expected to be painful, but gay Taiwanese YouTubers’ self-disclosures about how they became victims of homophobic bullying are frequently accompanied by humor and shared laughter. Their interactions are also presented multimodally with other visual and audible semiotic resources. Adopting a multimodal social semiotic approach and a framing approach, this study analyzes three YouTube videos about homophobic bullying. Findings suggest that the gay Taiwanese YouTubers frequently shifted between the sociable frame and the audience-targeted frame when interacting with their interactants and audience. They also assumed different narrative roles, serving as the story-teller, the commentator, and the fictionist. How these gay influencers articulate their opinions on behalf of the LGBTQ community also helps them to assert themselves as eloquent, knowledgeable, and humorous sexual moderns.
分享自己过去被欺负的经历预计会很痛苦,但台湾同性恋YouTuber自我披露自己是如何成为恐同欺凌的受害者的,往往伴随着幽默和共同的笑声。它们的互动也与其他视觉和听觉符号资源以多种方式呈现。本研究采用多模态社会符号学方法和框架法,分析了YouTube上三段关于恐同欺凌的视频。研究结果表明,台湾同性恋YouTuber在与互动者和观众互动时,经常在社交框架和观众目标框架之间转换。他们还扮演了不同的叙事角色,分别是故事讲述者、评论家和小说家。这些同性恋影响者如何代表LGBTQ群体表达自己的观点,也有助于他们将自己标榜为能说会道、知识渊博、幽默的性现代人。
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引用次数: 0
Journalistic evaluation in financial news 财经新闻中的新闻评价
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221133015
L. Hansen, Irene Pollach, Margit Malmmose
The business and financial press plays an important role for capital markets, as it routinely reports on the financial results of large companies, thereby influencing how investors perceive the economic prospects of these companies. Despite the numerical and factualized nature of such news, financial journalists have considerable power in interpreting corporate results and evaluating them as positive or negative. We examine these journalistic evaluations as metadiscourse, focusing on the variety of evaluative language resources financial journalists draw on to convey positive or negative evaluations of companies and their financial results in their news stories. Our findings illustrate how financial journalists problematize the financial results of companies, distance themselves from corporate claims or endorse them, and downtone or reinforce evaluations by means of contrast. Our analysis suggests that financial journalists convey evaluations in a manner seemingly conformant with the genre ideals of neutrality and objectivity, despite exercising considerable power over the evaluation of financial news.
商业和金融媒体在资本市场中发挥着重要作用,因为它经常报道大公司的财务业绩,从而影响投资者对这些公司经济前景的看法。尽管这类新闻具有数字性和事实性,但财经记者在解读公司业绩并将其评价为正面或负面方面拥有相当大的权力。我们将这些新闻评价作为元话语进行研究,重点关注金融记者在新闻报道中用来传达对公司及其财务业绩的正面或负面评价的各种评价语言资源。我们的研究结果表明,财经记者如何质疑公司的财务业绩,与公司的声明保持距离或认可这些声明,并通过对比来降低或加强评估。我们的分析表明,财经记者传达评价的方式似乎符合中立和客观的类型理想,尽管他们对财经新闻的评价行使了相当大的权力。
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引用次数: 2
A study on the discourse strategy of telecommunication fraud based on proximization theory 基于代理理论的电信诈骗话语策略研究
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221129517
Hongwei Ye, Kexin Chen
Drawing on the proximization theory, this study investigated the characteristics and expected effects of proximization strategies in the discourse of telecommunication fraud through the textual analysis of samples selected among 2738 fraudulent texts. The results demonstrated a dominant use of spatial proximization strategy, which imitated the main features of institutional discourse to establish a community of interest with the recipients. Moreover, the use of various verb phrases made the recipients feel the imminence of threats or benefits. Additionally, the urgency and importance of the event created by the temporal proximization strategy also served to establish a cooperative relationship between the fraudsters and the recipients. The axiological proximization strategy served as a complementary tool to facilitate the realization of the above two strategies. This study could help with the identification of fraudulent content in texts and the creative production of the anti-fraud materials.
本研究借鉴近似理论,通过对2738篇欺诈文本样本的文本分析,探讨了电信欺诈语篇中近似策略的特点和预期效果。研究结果表明,空间近似策略的使用占主导地位,该策略模仿制度话语的主要特征,与接受者建立利益共同体。此外,各种动词短语的使用使接受者感到威胁或利益的紧迫性。此外,时间代理策略所产生的事件的紧迫性和重要性也有助于在欺诈者和接受者之间建立合作关系。价值论的近似化策略是促进上述两种策略实现的补充工具。这项研究有助于识别文本中的欺诈内容,并创造性地制作反欺诈材料。
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引用次数: 1
Book Review: Philip Seargeant, The Art of Political Storytelling: Why Stories Win Votes in Post-Truth Politics 书评:Philip Seargeant,《政治故事的艺术:为什么故事在后真相政治中赢得选票》
IF 1.9 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1177/17504813221129122
Marion Nao
Leach M, Parker M, MacGregor H, et al. (2020) COVID-19: A social phenomenon requiring diverse expertise. Available at: https://www.ids.ac.uk/opinions/covid-19-a-social-phenomenon-requiring-diverse-expertise/ (accessed 25 July 2022). UNESCO (2020) Covid-19 impact on education. Available at: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse (accessed 25 July 2022). WHO (2020) COVID-19 strategy update. WHO, April 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/ publications/m/item/covid-19-strategy-update (accessed 25 July 2022).
(2020) COVID-19:一种需要多种专业知识的社会现象。可在:https://www.ids.ac.uk/opinions/covid-19-a-social-phenomenon-requiring-diverse-expertise/(2022年7月25日访问)。教科文组织(2020)2019冠状病毒病对教育的影响。可在:https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse(2022年7月25日访问)。世卫组织(2020年)COVID-19战略更新。世卫组织,2020年4月。可通过https://www.who.int/ publications/m/item/covid-19-strategy-update获取(2022年7月25日访问)。
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引用次数: 0
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