Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2021.1920722
Daniel Rueda
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to analyse critically the idea of ethnopluralism (also known as ethno-differentialism and droit à la difference) as formulated by Alain de Benoist, one of the founding fathers of the Nouvelle Droite and one of the most important far-right intellectuals of the last decades. Rueda locates this ideal as part of what will be called ‘the cultural turn in racism’, that is, the passage from biological and pseudo-scientific racism to alterophobic discourses based on culture and ethnicity among European far-right intellectuals. Moreover, the article will explore the impact of ethnopluralism on both increasingly mainstream radical-right parties and fringe extremist organizations since the 1980s.
本文的目的是批判性地分析阿兰·德·贝诺伊斯特(Alain de Benoist)提出的民族多元主义(也被称为民族差异主义和权利差异)的概念，他是新民族主义的创始人之一，也是过去几十年来最重要的极右翼知识分子之一。Rueda将这种理想定位为“种族主义的文化转向”的一部分，也就是说，从生物学和伪科学种族主义到欧洲极右翼知识分子基于文化和种族的另类恐惧症话语的过渡。此外，本文还将探讨自20世纪80年代以来，民族多元主义对日益主流的极右翼政党和边缘极端组织的影响。
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Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2021.2008158
Craig Fowlie
{"title":"Claret, white and blue","authors":"Craig Fowlie","doi":"10.1080/0031322X.2021.2008158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2021.2008158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42001469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1080/0031322x.2021.2008154
Raymond O. Arsenault
{"title":"Tales, at last, told everywhere","authors":"Raymond O. Arsenault","doi":"10.1080/0031322x.2021.2008154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.2021.2008154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49013281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2021.1968586
Freya A. Woods, J. B. Ruscher
ABSTRACT Woods and Ruscher examine hate speech as a multifaceted phenomenon that has adapted to novel communication contexts and opportunities. In particular, online communication represents a growing opportunity for individuals to engage in anonymous hate speech, a situation that merits additional research for several reasons. The authors posit, first, that this specific type of hate speech warrants focused research because it may not altogether fit into pre-established categories of hate speech events, a matter that may have implications for the likelihood of legal censure. Second, this incarnation of hate speech may be best understood in terms of constitutive harms, relative to other harms, that are themselves understudied. Finally, anonymous hate speech online may inflict unique and additional harms by virtue of the unique context of the Internet and the ease of anonymity for perpetrators. Woods and Ruscher provide an overview of research on the types and harms of hate speech, and a consideration of the impact both of anonymity and of the Internet on these harms, as well as describe an illustrative example of a type of hate speech online that is often anonymous—derogatory Internet memes—in an effort to encourage further research into this novel incarnation of words that wound.
{"title":"Viral sticks, virtual stones: addressing anonymous hate speech online","authors":"Freya A. Woods, J. B. Ruscher","doi":"10.1080/0031322X.2021.1968586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2021.1968586","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Woods and Ruscher examine hate speech as a multifaceted phenomenon that has adapted to novel communication contexts and opportunities. In particular, online communication represents a growing opportunity for individuals to engage in anonymous hate speech, a situation that merits additional research for several reasons. The authors posit, first, that this specific type of hate speech warrants focused research because it may not altogether fit into pre-established categories of hate speech events, a matter that may have implications for the likelihood of legal censure. Second, this incarnation of hate speech may be best understood in terms of constitutive harms, relative to other harms, that are themselves understudied. Finally, anonymous hate speech online may inflict unique and additional harms by virtue of the unique context of the Internet and the ease of anonymity for perpetrators. Woods and Ruscher provide an overview of research on the types and harms of hate speech, and a consideration of the impact both of anonymity and of the Internet on these harms, as well as describe an illustrative example of a type of hate speech online that is often anonymous—derogatory Internet memes—in an effort to encourage further research into this novel incarnation of words that wound.","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42206926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2021.2008162
S. Whitfield
{"title":"On the wrong side of racial justice","authors":"S. Whitfield","doi":"10.1080/0031322X.2021.2008162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2021.2008162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42234051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-22DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198852834.003.0011
Endre Begby
But maybe the relation between morality and epistemology runs in the opposite direction, and it is the range of our epistemic responsibility which constrains the range of our moral responsibility. Initially, this may seem like an unwelcome thought. To the contrary, this chapter argues that it can serve to empower victims of prejudice seeking redress. Moral responsibility is a multi-dimensional concept: while it is plausible that ascriptions of moral blame track ascriptions of epistemic responsibility, other forms of moral liability do not. Drawing on insights from tort law and discrimination law, this chapter argues that victims’ claims to have been wronged in no way depends on their ability to demonstrate that their victimizers were positioned to know that their actions were wrong. This frees victims of prejudice from the substantial burden of having to show that prejudiced believers are—universally, or in any specific case—epistemically irrational in believing as they do.
{"title":"A Better Approach","authors":"Endre Begby","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198852834.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198852834.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"But maybe the relation between morality and epistemology runs in the opposite direction, and it is the range of our epistemic responsibility which constrains the range of our moral responsibility. Initially, this may seem like an unwelcome thought. To the contrary, this chapter argues that it can serve to empower victims of prejudice seeking redress. Moral responsibility is a multi-dimensional concept: while it is plausible that ascriptions of moral blame track ascriptions of epistemic responsibility, other forms of moral liability do not. Drawing on insights from tort law and discrimination law, this chapter argues that victims’ claims to have been wronged in no way depends on their ability to demonstrate that their victimizers were positioned to know that their actions were wrong. This frees victims of prejudice from the substantial burden of having to show that prejudiced believers are—universally, or in any specific case—epistemically irrational in believing as they do.","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78726833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/0031322x.2021.1981629
Aldon D Morris
{"title":"Canonizing Du Bois","authors":"Aldon D Morris","doi":"10.1080/0031322x.2021.1981629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.2021.1981629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2021.1898816
D. Jacobs
ABSTRACT In this paper Jacobs examines the connection between attitudes on migration, perceived threats linked to migration and the (lack of) willingness to help refugees using a data set of twelve countries from a survey project called the Aurora Humanitarian Index. The higher the perceived ethnic threat (economic, cultural or religious), the less willing individuals are to mobilize for refugees. In addition to patterns on the individual level, we examine the impact of country characteristics (gross domestic product (GDP), number of migrants and so on) through correlational and multilevel analysis. While neither the proportion of migrants nor the proportion of refugees impacts on the willingness to mobilize in favour of refugees, the economic situation does have an effect. In richer countries there is less willingness to help. Furthermore, we can observe that the effect of both opposition to migration and the perception of refugees as posing an economic threat is exacerbated in richer countries (countries with a higher GDP).
{"title":"Economic development, attitudes towards migration and the (lack of) willingness to help refugees: insights from the Aurora Humanitarian Index","authors":"D. Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/0031322X.2021.1898816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2021.1898816","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper Jacobs examines the connection between attitudes on migration, perceived threats linked to migration and the (lack of) willingness to help refugees using a data set of twelve countries from a survey project called the Aurora Humanitarian Index. The higher the perceived ethnic threat (economic, cultural or religious), the less willing individuals are to mobilize for refugees. In addition to patterns on the individual level, we examine the impact of country characteristics (gross domestic product (GDP), number of migrants and so on) through correlational and multilevel analysis. While neither the proportion of migrants nor the proportion of refugees impacts on the willingness to mobilize in favour of refugees, the economic situation does have an effect. In richer countries there is less willingness to help. Furthermore, we can observe that the effect of both opposition to migration and the perception of refugees as posing an economic threat is exacerbated in richer countries (countries with a higher GDP).","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2021.1985249
D. Adamson
The relationship between Britain and the Holocaust is one underscored by complexity. British responses to the persecution of Jews and other groups —both at the time and retrospectively—have been laced with a certain ambiguity. The Palgrave Handbook of Britain and the Holocaust represents a valuable tool with which readers might navigate the competing strands of Holocaust history in the United Kingdom: action and inaction, remembrance and ‘amnesia’, established and problematic narratives. Central to the book is a prudent conviction in the belief that a firm framework of historical fact is crucial to furthering understanding of the topic in question. The Palgrave Handbook of Britain and the Holocaust provides a welcome revisit to existing surveys, by the likes of Jensen and Sharples, of Britain and the Holocaust. Given their existing contribution to the field, there are few individuals more suited to guide the discourse on such an intricate historical issue than Tom Lawson and Andy Pearce. Pearce and Lawson oversee a collection of over twenty chapters from a collection of esteemed authors. The contributors to the book, ranging from established academics to upcoming scholars alike, are as diverse as the different subtopics examined. Crucially, by expanding its historical scope well beyond the parameters of 1939 and 1945, the Palgrave Handbook of Britain and the Holocaust counteracts any tendencies to subsume the Holocaust into broader British narratives of the Second World War. The book is thoughtfully divided into nine parts, including ‘Political Contexts’ (Part I), ‘Punishment and Memory’ (Part IV) and ‘Public Pedagogy’ (Part VII). As such, while the overall narrative arc of the relationship between Britain and the Holocaust is maintained, the reader is able to distinguish some theoretical separations between the different themes explored. Pleasingly, the undoubted sophistication of the volume by no means impedes its accessibility to a general readership.
{"title":"Britain and the Holocaust, the Holocaust and Britain","authors":"D. Adamson","doi":"10.1080/0031322X.2021.1985249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2021.1985249","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between Britain and the Holocaust is one underscored by complexity. British responses to the persecution of Jews and other groups —both at the time and retrospectively—have been laced with a certain ambiguity. The Palgrave Handbook of Britain and the Holocaust represents a valuable tool with which readers might navigate the competing strands of Holocaust history in the United Kingdom: action and inaction, remembrance and ‘amnesia’, established and problematic narratives. Central to the book is a prudent conviction in the belief that a firm framework of historical fact is crucial to furthering understanding of the topic in question. The Palgrave Handbook of Britain and the Holocaust provides a welcome revisit to existing surveys, by the likes of Jensen and Sharples, of Britain and the Holocaust. Given their existing contribution to the field, there are few individuals more suited to guide the discourse on such an intricate historical issue than Tom Lawson and Andy Pearce. Pearce and Lawson oversee a collection of over twenty chapters from a collection of esteemed authors. The contributors to the book, ranging from established academics to upcoming scholars alike, are as diverse as the different subtopics examined. Crucially, by expanding its historical scope well beyond the parameters of 1939 and 1945, the Palgrave Handbook of Britain and the Holocaust counteracts any tendencies to subsume the Holocaust into broader British narratives of the Second World War. The book is thoughtfully divided into nine parts, including ‘Political Contexts’ (Part I), ‘Punishment and Memory’ (Part IV) and ‘Public Pedagogy’ (Part VII). As such, while the overall narrative arc of the relationship between Britain and the Holocaust is maintained, the reader is able to distinguish some theoretical separations between the different themes explored. Pleasingly, the undoubted sophistication of the volume by no means impedes its accessibility to a general readership.","PeriodicalId":46766,"journal":{"name":"Patterns of Prejudice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43765965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/0031322x.2021.1987623
S. Burley
As we move into a post-Trump presidential period in the United States, with shifting sands across the European political landscape, questions about how the far right is evolving are of increasing importance. In her new book, Hate in the Homeland, Dr Cynthia Miller-Idriss, an analyst of the far right, looks at the complicated narratives and social networks by which and in which people are radicalized, and how seemingly ephemeral concepts like ‘homeland’ can touch deep emotional needs in people vulnerable to far-right radicalization. By looking at the surprising routes taken by the far-right into various apolitical subcultures, such as mixed martial arts, video games and even cooking shows, we can see a complicated picture of how fragmentation is key to the adaptability that white nationalism is finding in our increasingly computer-driven age. In Shane Burley’s interview with Miller-Idriss, they discuss the role of spaces, both physical and virtual, how conspiracy and identity are driving a push to action, and what we are seeing in the wake of a mass pandemic that has driven us out of the streets and on to our computers.
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