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Biosynthesis of phloretin and its C-glycosides through stepwise culture of Escherichia coli 通过分步培养大肠杆菌合成植物黄酮及其 C-糖苷
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00955-x
Shin-Won Lee, Garok Lee, Ji-Hyeon Jo, Youri Yang, Joong-Hoon Ahn

Phloretin (PT) belongs to the dihydrochalcones (DHCs) family and is found in apple and rooibos tea. Its glycosides, including phlorizin (PT 2′-O-glucoside), trilobatin (PT 4′-O-glucoside), and nothofagin (NF, PT 3′-C-glucoside), are present in various plants. Phloretin and its related glycosides possess health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. To biosynthesize PT and its glycosides, the relevant pathways in plants were studied and introduced into Escherichia coli. We reconstructed the biosynthetic pathways pertaining to PT and three PT C-glycosides (NF, PT 3′, 5′-di-C-glucoside [PDG], and PT 3′-C-arabinoside [PARA]) in E. coli. To prevent the undesirable synthesis of flavonoids instead of PT, we strategically divided the entire pathway into two parts: the first involved the synthesis of tyrosine to phloretic acid (PA), while the second involved the synthesis of PA to PT and its glycosides. The gene set pertaining to each part was incorporated into a different engineered microbe. We optimized phloretin microbial biosynthesis by improving enzyme affinity, identifying the gene that increased the output, refining the production design to a stepwise culture approach, and analyzing the culture conditions (substrate and yeast extract concentrations and pH) conducive to maximum output and the prevention of product degradation. Using the stepwise culture approach, 12.8 mg/L of PT, 26.1 mg/L of NF, 30.0 mg/L of PDG, and 18.1 mg/L of PARA were synthesized. This study provides valuable information for future approaches in the microbe-based synthesis of PT derivatives.

植物黄酮(PT)属于二氢查尔酮(DHCs)家族,存在于苹果和罗布麻茶中。它的苷类包括 phlorizin(PT 2′-O-葡萄糖苷)、trilobatin(PT 4′-O-葡萄糖苷)和 nothofagin(NF,PT 3′-C-葡萄糖苷),存在于多种植物中。毛果芸香素及其相关苷类具有保健功效,包括抗氧化、抗炎和抗菌活性。为了生物合成PT及其苷类,我们研究了植物中的相关途径,并将其引入大肠杆菌。我们在大肠杆菌中重建了 PT 和三种 PT C-糖苷(NF、PT 3′、5′-二-C-葡萄糖苷 [PDG] 和 PT 3′-C-arabinoside [PARA])的生物合成途径。为了防止合成黄酮类化合物而不是 PT,我们有策略地将整个途径分为两部分:第一部分涉及酪氨酸合成酞酸(PA),第二部分涉及 PA 合成 PT 及其苷类。与每个部分相关的基因组被整合到不同的工程微生物中。我们通过提高酶的亲和力、确定提高产量的基因、将生产设计改进为逐步培养法,以及分析有利于获得最大产量和防止产品降解的培养条件(底物和酵母提取物浓度及 pH 值),优化了香叶木素微生物的生物合成。采用分步培养法合成了 12.8 mg/L PT、26.1 mg/L NF、30.0 mg/L PDG 和 18.1 mg/L PARA。这项研究为今后基于微生物合成 PT 衍生物的方法提供了有价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of oral hyaluronic acid on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications 口服透明质酸对碘乙酸钠诱导的大鼠骨关节炎的影响:机理认识和治疗意义
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00945-z
Mi-Rae Shin, Minju Kim, Hui Yeon An, Hwang-Yong Choi, Youngseok Ham, Hakjoo Choi, Seong-Soo Roh

This study aimed to meticulously assess the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) in mitigating symptoms associated with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms in rodent models and to investigate the underlying mechanistic pathways. Eight-week-old rats were randomly allocated to a normal control group and three experimental groups (n = 10 per group). The normal group did not undergo any treatment. The experimental groups were administered MIA for 1 week to induce osteoarthritis, and orally administered distilled water (control group), 2 mg/kg indomethacin (INDO group), or 20 mg/kg HA (HA20 group) daily for 4 weeks. The HA20 group showed a significant improvement in hind-paw weight-bearing distribution after 4 weeks compared to the control group. HA suppressed inflammatory responses by reducing the overproduction of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 and protected the vital components of the articular ECM, including glycosaminoglycans and aggrecan. HA treatment effectively reduced inflammation, protected cartilage by inhibiting MMP expression, and suppressed inflammatory mediator production. This study demonstrates that HA has potential to alleviate OA symptoms in a rodent model stimulated with MIA, rendering it a promising therapeutic agent for OA.

本研究旨在细致评估透明质酸(HA)在啮齿动物模型中缓解碘乙酸钠(MIA)诱导的骨关节炎(OA)相关症状的效果,并研究其潜在的机理途径。八周大的大鼠被随机分配到一个正常对照组和三个实验组(每组 10 只)。正常组不接受任何治疗。实验组给大鼠注射 MIA 1 周以诱发骨关节炎,然后每天给大鼠口服蒸馏水(对照组)、2 毫克/千克吲哚美辛(INDO 组)或 20 毫克/千克 HA(HA20 组),连续 4 周。与对照组相比,HA20组在4周后明显改善了后爪负重分布。HA通过减少前列腺素E2和白三烯B4的过度产生来抑制炎症反应,并保护关节ECM的重要成分,包括糖胺聚糖和凝集素。HA 治疗能有效减轻炎症,通过抑制 MMP 的表达来保护软骨,并抑制炎症介质的产生。这项研究表明,在啮齿动物模型中,HA 有可能减轻受 MIA 刺激的 OA 症状,使其成为一种治疗 OA 的有前途的药物。
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引用次数: 0
Targeted dsRNA-mediated suppression of Phytophthora infestans infection via Avr3a 通过 Avr3a 靶向 dsRNA 介导的噬菌体侵染抑制作用
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00953-z
Hyeonmin Lee, Minsu Park, Yujin Kweon, Dowhan Lee, Chanseok Shin

Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) is a highly destructive oomycete that causes the late blight in Solanaceous crops, such as potatoes and tomatoes, reducing crop yield. Although many pesticides are used to control P. infestans, the pathogen has evolved resistance to these chemical pesticides over time. In this study, we employed RNAi technology as an alternative strategy to suppress P. infestans infection. We designed and synthesized two dsRNAs targeting 5' and 3' regions of the Avirulence Protein 3a (Avr3a) gene, a key effector essential for the virulence of P. infestans. Interestingly, the dsRNA targeting the 5' region which contains the conserved RxLR-EER motif of Avr3a exhibited more substantial suppression of P. infestans infection and Avr3a expression level compared to the 3' region targeting dsRNA. Additionally, we identified changes in the expression of genes related to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants treated with these dsRNAs. In leaves treated with dsRNAs targeting Avr3a, the expression of PTI-related genes was restored, while ETI-related genes showed lower expression levels compared to the mock-treated leaves. These results suggest that dsRNAs targeting Avr3a effectively suppress P. infestans infection, enabling plants to achieve balanced immunity and enhanced defense.

Phytophthora infestans(P. infestans)是一种破坏性很强的卵菌,会导致马铃薯和番茄等茄科作物晚疫病,降低作物产量。虽然许多杀虫剂被用来控制 P. infestans,但随着时间的推移,病原体已经进化出了对这些化学杀虫剂的抗性。在本研究中,我们采用 RNAi 技术作为抑制 P. infestans 感染的替代策略。我们设计并合成了两种针对侵毒蛋白 3a(Avr3a)基因 5' 和 3' 区域的 dsRNA。有趣的是,与 3' 区域靶向 dsRNA 相比,靶向包含 Avr3a 的保守 RxLR-EER 基序的 5' 区域的 dsRNA 对 P. infestans 感染和 Avr3a 表达水平的抑制作用更强。此外,我们还发现在使用这些 dsRNA 处理的植物中,与模式触发免疫(PTI)和效应触发免疫(ETI)相关的基因表达发生了变化。与模拟处理的叶片相比,用靶向 Avr3a 的 dsRNA 处理的叶片中,PTI 相关基因的表达得到恢复,而 ETI 相关基因的表达水平较低。这些结果表明,靶向 Avr3a 的 dsRNAs 能有效抑制 P. infestans 感染,使植物获得平衡的免疫力和更强的防御能力。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-aging potential of Cephalotaxus harringtonia extracts: the role of harringtonine and homoharringtonine in skin protection 鱼腥草提取物的抗衰老潜力:鱼腥草碱和同鱼腥草碱在皮肤保护中的作用
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00951-1
Si-Young Ahn, Chang-Dae Lee, Ja Jung Ku, Sanghyun Lee, Sullim Lee

Photoaging damages the skin layers. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the central mechanism of photoaging. TNF-α production leads to direct damage to skin cells and facilitates the degradation of vital extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. TNF-α stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activation This accelerates the loss of skin elasticity and wrinkle formation. Thus, preventing photoaging and delaying the skin aging process are important research objectives, and the development of new anti-aging substances that target the TNF-α and MMP-1 pathways is promising. In this context, the efficacies of four extracts derived from two types of Cephalotaxus harringtonia (CH) buds (CH-10Y-buds, CH-200Y-buds) and leaves (CH-10Y-leaves, CH-200Y-leaves) were investigated, exhibiting a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the four extracts, CH-10Y-buds was the most effective in reducing ROS and exhibited the highest amounts of harringtonine and homoharringtonine. The activities of harringtonine, homoharringtonine, and ginkgetin were evaluated; harringtonine exhibited a high efficacy in inhibiting TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses and MMP-1 activation, thereby reducing collagen degradation. These findings suggest that CH-10Y-buds and their components herringtonin are promising candidates for preventing damage caused by photoaging. Our results can facilitate the development of new methods for maintaining skin health and inhibiting the skin aging process. Further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the potential efficacy of these candidate substances and investigate their applicability to actual skin. Such studies will aid in the development of more effective anti-aging strategies in the future.

光老化会损伤皮肤层。肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在光老化的核心机制中起着至关重要的作用。TNF-α 的产生会直接损伤皮肤细胞,并促进重要细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白质的降解。TNF-α 会刺激基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)的活化,从而加速皮肤弹性的丧失和皱纹的形成。因此,防止光老化和延缓皮肤老化过程是重要的研究目标,而开发针对 TNF-α 和 MMP-1 通路的新型抗衰老物质则大有可为。在此背景下,研究人员对从两种类型的头状花序(CH)芽(CH-10Y-芽、CH-200Y-芽)和叶(CH-10Y-叶、CH-200Y-叶)中提取的四种提取物的功效进行了调查,结果表明这四种提取物能显著减少活性氧(ROS)。在四种萃取物中,CH-10Y-芽降低 ROS 的效果最好,所含的哈灵碱和高哈灵碱也最高。对哈灵单宁、高哈灵单宁和银杏黄酮的活性进行了评估;哈灵单宁在抑制 TNF-α 诱导的炎症反应和 MMP-1 活化方面表现出很高的功效,从而减少了胶原蛋白的降解。这些研究结果表明,CH-10Y-buds 及其成分herringtonin 有希望成为预防光老化损伤的候选物质。我们的研究结果有助于开发维护皮肤健康和抑制皮肤老化过程的新方法。要全面评估这些候选物质的潜在功效并研究它们对实际皮肤的适用性,还需要进一步的研究。这些研究将有助于未来开发更有效的抗衰老策略。
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Correction to: Development of Bacillus stratosphericus Lysate Concentrate to Control Sebum Secretion through In vitro Studies and Clinical Trial 出版商更正为:通过体外研究和临床试验开发控制皮脂分泌的平流层杆菌裂解物浓缩物
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00950-2
Hosam Ki, Sung Geon Yoon, Jeung Hi Han, Byeongmin Shin, Young Soo Kim, Yang Gyu Choi, Kwang Yeon Hwang
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引用次数: 0
In vitro effectiveness of CB469, a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor in MET-activated cancer cells MET 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 CB469 对 MET 激活的癌细胞的体外疗效
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00952-0
Ji Yeon Song, Hyunsook An, Soojeong Kim

Gene alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases can result in oncogenic driver mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) including in genes like EGFR, ALK and MET. MET amplifications and MET exon14 skipping are the primary genetic changes in MET-altered cancers. Acquired MET mutations mediate resistance to clinical MET-targeted therapy in NSCLC. MET kinase domain secondary mutations (D1228X, Y1230X) confer resistance to type I MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in METexon14-altered or MET amplified NSCLC. Here, we investigated the preclinical activity of a novel MET inhibitor, CB469, with cell growth, signaling pathway and colony formation. We confirmed that CB469 inhibited the activity of MET wild and secondary mutant kinases, D1228N and Y1230H, as a type II inhibitor. CB469 also inhibited cell growth and cell signaling proteins in MET-activated or MET exon14 skipping-mutated cancer cell lines and NIH/3T3 cells expressing an engineered MET mutant. CB469 exhibited the inhibitory efficacy comparable with that of capmatinib in migration of EBC-1(METwt) and Hs746T(METΔex14) cells. Finally, CB469 showed selective and potent inhibition in MET-activated cancer cells among MET TKIs leading to enhanced selectivity for MET-mutant versus wild type MET with inhibition of cell growth in NIH/3T3 cells expressing an engineered MET mutant variant.

受体酪氨酸激酶基因的改变可导致非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的致癌驱动基因突变,包括表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、表皮生长因子受体(ALK)和表皮生长因子受体(MET)等基因。MET扩增和MET外显子14缺失是MET改变癌症的主要基因变化。获得性MET突变介导了NSCLC对临床MET靶向疗法的耐药性。在METexon14改变或MET扩增的NSCLC中,MET激酶域二级突变(D1228X、Y1230X)会使患者对I型MET酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)产生耐药性。在此,我们研究了新型 MET 抑制剂 CB469 在细胞生长、信号通路和集落形成方面的临床前活性。我们证实,作为一种 II 型抑制剂,CB469 可抑制 MET 野生激酶和次级突变激酶 D1228N 和 Y1230H 的活性。CB469 还抑制了 MET 激活或 MET 外显子 14 跳越突变癌细胞系和表达工程 MET 突变体的 NIH/3T3 细胞的细胞生长和细胞信号转导蛋白。CB469 对 EBC-1(METwt)和 Hs746T(METΔex14)细胞迁移的抑制效果与卡马替尼相当。最后,CB469在MET TKIs中对MET激活的癌细胞表现出选择性和强效抑制作用,从而提高了对MET突变型与野生型MET的选择性,抑制了表达工程化MET突变变体的NIH/3T3细胞的生长。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Characterization of acidogenic phase metabolism in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pCD07239) under different culture conditions 更正:不同培养条件下乙酰丁酸梭菌 ATCC 824(pCD07239)的产酸期代谢特征
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00947-x
Haeng Lim Lee, Selim Ashoor, Zhuang Yao, Yu-Sin Jang
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of α-zein loaded with baicalincomposites: A study on their in vitro simulated digestive behavior and molecular dynamics simulation α-zein负载黄芩素复合材料的制备:体外模拟消化行为和分子动力学模拟研究
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00946-y
RunCheng Zhou, QiLin Liang, Han Lei, Tianci Liang, Simin Chen, Xin Chen

In order to improve the bioavailability of baicalin, this article prepared for α-zein loaded with baicalin composites (α-zein@BA) by pH driven method and they were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and measurement of particle size distribution in water solution phase techniques. The digestive behavior and antioxidant activity of composites before and after simulating gastrointestinal fluid in vitro were studied as well. At the same time, molecular dynamics simulation techniques were used to reveal the molecular mechanism behind the formation of the composite between the two. The results indicated that the composites of α-zein@BA were observed to be approximately spherical under a scanning electron microscope, and their particle size was mainly distributed in the range of 94.55-145.10 μm in aqueous solution, whose encapsulation efficiency of baicalin was (86.61 ± 0.71) %. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that α-zein and baicalin mainly formed complexes through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The measurement results of baicalin residue in simulated digestion of gastric and intestinal fluids in vitro are as follows: α-zein@BA > Baicalin, while both significantly increased in the gastric digestion stage (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased in the intestinal digestion stage (P < 0.05). Molecular dynamics simulation studies have shown that baicalin has a promoting effect on protein structural stability, and protein 158SER and GLN196 were mainly formed hydrogen bonds with it, while hydrophobic interactions were mainly manifested between non-polar amino acids such as PHE201 and PRO200. This study indicates that α-zein and baicalin can form stable composites, improving the bioavailability of baicalin.

为了提高黄芩苷的生物利用度,本文采用pH驱动法制备了α-zein负载黄芩苷复合材料(α-zein@BA),并利用扫描电镜、红外光谱和水溶液相粒度分布测量技术对其进行了表征。还研究了复合材料在体外模拟胃肠液前后的消化行为和抗氧化活性。同时,还利用分子动力学模拟技术揭示了二者形成复合材料的分子机理。结果表明,在扫描电子显微镜下观察到α-zein@BA复合材料呈近似球形,其在水溶液中的粒径主要分布在94.55-145.10 μm之间,对黄芩苷的包封效率为(86.61 ± 0.71)%。红外光谱分析表明,α-玉米素与黄芩苷主要通过氢键、静电和疏水作用形成复合物。黄芩苷残留量在体外模拟胃液和肠液消化中的测定结果如下:α-zein@BA>黄芩苷在胃消化阶段均显著增加(P <0.05),在肠道消化阶段显著减少(P <0.05)。分子动力学模拟研究表明,黄芩苷对蛋白质结构稳定性有促进作用,蛋白质158SER和GLN196主要与其形成氢键,而疏水作用主要表现在PHE201和PRO200等非极性氨基酸之间。本研究表明,α-zein 与黄芩苷可形成稳定的复合体,从而提高黄芩苷的生物利用度。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Bacillus stratosphericus Lysate Concentrate to Control Sebum Secretion through In vitro Studies and Clinical Trial 通过体外研究和临床试验开发控制皮脂分泌的平流层杆菌裂解物浓缩物
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00944-0
Hosam Ki, Sung Geon Yoon, Jeung Hi Han, Byeongmin Shin, Young Soo Kim, Yang Gyu Choi, Kwang Yeon Hwang

The sebum on human skin is generated for various causes. The composition of the formed sebum increases the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) residing on the skin. As C. acnes proliferates, it produces skin irritants that stimulate the sebaceous glands, increasing sebum production. Skin troubles such as acne may occur. The lysate concentrates of Bacillus stratosphericus (B. stratosphericus), first discovered in the stratosphere, confirmed a 66.35% inhibition of Nitric Oxide (NO) production at 0.50 mg/ml concentration in vitro. Additionally, the growth inhibition efficacy of B. stratosphericus lysate concentrate (BSLC) against C. acnes was confirmed, showing a 95.1% inhibition of growth proliferation at a consistency of 0.50 mg/ml. Based on the in vitro results, the efficacy of BSLC in degrading and reducing sebum was confirmed by reacting it with artificial sebum to various concentrations. The results showed a concentration-dependent decrease in artificial sebum ccording to the efficacy results confirmed in vitro, a clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the daily sebum reduction efficacy of a serum formulation containing 50 mg/ml of BSLC. After a 4-week application, the test group containing BSLC determined a significant 28.68% reduction in sebum levels, demonstrating the practical implications of the research. In conclusion, BSLC is considered to have sufficient industrial value as a valuable ingredient for the cosmetics industry aimed at sebum improvement.

人体皮肤上的皮脂是由各种原因产生的。形成的皮脂成分会增加皮肤上痤疮杆菌(C. acnes)的增殖。随着痤疮丙酸杆菌的增殖,它会产生刺激皮脂腺的皮肤刺激物,增加皮脂分泌。可能会出现痤疮等皮肤问题。在平流层中首次发现的平流层杆菌(B. stratosphericus)的裂解浓缩物证实,在体外 0.50 毫克/毫升的浓度下,对一氧化氮(NO)产生的抑制率为 66.35%。此外,平流层杆菌裂解物浓缩物(BSLC)对痤疮丙酸杆菌的生长抑制功效也得到了证实,在浓度为 0.50 毫克/毫升时,对生长增殖的抑制率为 95.1%。在体外实验结果的基础上,通过将 BSLC 与不同浓度的人工皮脂进行反应,证实了 BSLC 降解和减少皮脂的功效。根据在体外确认的功效结果,我们进行了一项临床试验,以评估含有 50 毫克/毫升 BSLC 的血清配方每天减少皮脂的功效。经过 4 周的使用,含有 BSLC 的试验组皮脂水平显著降低了 28.68%,这证明了研究的实际意义。总之,BSLC 被认为具有足够的工业价值,是化妆品行业用于改善皮脂状况的重要成分。
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引用次数: 0
Contamination of trichlorobenzene isomers in food: toxicity, analytical methods, occurrence in food, and risk assessments 食品中的三氯苯异构体污染:毒性、分析方法、在食品中的出现以及风险评估
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-024-00940-4
Hyegyeong Lee, Kiyun Kim, Junhyeong Park, Joon-Goo Lee

Trichlorobenzenes (TCBs), comprising the isomers 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-TCB, disrupt metabolic processes by inducing liver enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, suggesting a broad toxicological impact. Specifically, exposure to TCBs is associated with significant organ-specific toxicities, such as increased liver and kidney weights in rodents and cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells, which include DNA damage without metabolic activation. Used extensively in industrial and agricultural sectors, TCBs are prevalent pollutants in various ecosystems, including air, food, surface water, groundwater, sediment, soil, and sewage. This is a concern because of their tendency to accumulate in lipid-containing tissues of animals and humans and potentially serious risks to human health and ecosystems. Information showing the presence of TCBs in food, drinking water, and even human breast milk underscores the need for ongoing assessment of the extent of these contaminants in food to measure the potential exposure to these chemicals. TCBs are extracted from various food sample matrices, and then instrumental analysis is performed, typically gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a variety of detectors. This review discusses the occurrence and risk assessment of TCBs in foods, as well as the toxicology and analytical methods related to TCBs.

三氯苯(TCBs)包括异构体 1,2,3-、1,2,4- 和 1,3,5-三氯苯,可通过诱导肝脏中参与异生物代谢的酶来破坏代谢过程,从而产生广泛的毒理影响。具体来说,接触三氯苯会对特定器官产生严重毒性,如啮齿动物的肝脏和肾脏重量增加,以及对哺乳动物细胞产生细胞毒性作用,包括 DNA 损伤而不激活新陈代谢。三氯苯广泛用于工业和农业领域,是各种生态系统(包括空气、食物、地表水、地下水、沉积物、土壤和污水)中的普遍污染物。这种情况令人担忧,因为它们容易在动物和人类的含脂组织中积聚,并可能对人类健康和生态系统造成严重危害。有资料显示,食物、饮用水甚至母乳中都含有三氯苯,这突出表明有必要持续评估这些污染物在食物中的含量,以衡量人们可能接触到这些化学品的程度。从各种食品样品基质中提取三氯苯,然后进行仪器分析,通常是气相色谱法 (GC) 与各种检测器联用。本综述讨论了食品中 TCB 的发生和风险评估,以及与 TCB 有关的毒理学和分析方法。
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