Global Health Promotion最新文献

Fall-related injuries are the leading cause of injury, death and disability among older adults, and their health care costs are high. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention, based on the health belief model, on the prevention and fear of falling among older people. We conducted this experimental study on 140 older people in Fasa city, Fars Province, Iran, in 2023. We selected the subjects using a simple sampling method. The educational intervention for the experimental group included three 30-min sessions. We analyzed the data using SPSS 22 software, employing chi-square, independent t-tests and paired t-tests. The results showed that before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action, and performance; however, three months after the educational intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in each of the mentioned variables except the perceived barriers. Additionally, after the educational intervention, the mean score of fear of falling in the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the health belief model in preventing falls and reducing the fear of falls in older people. Therefore, we suggest using training based on this model to prevent and reduce falls among older people.

The pressing global health crises highlight the need for professional health promotion (HP). Debates on the professionalization of HP are still overlaid by questions regarding the conceptualization of HP, yet literature is scarce regarding this point. Therefore, this article aims to (a) provide an overview of the current state of professionalism in HP with a focus on the Swiss context, and (b) identify facilitators, gaps and barriers of professionalism in HP. By investigating these aims, we contribute to specifying the conceptualization of the specialist HP professional profile. To analyse professionalism in HP, we examined individual and institutional aspects of sociological theories on professions. We selected seven aspects as a theoretical foundation for the analysis: (1) specific knowledge base, (2) specific field of action, (3) specific education, (4) professional association, (5) specific competencies, (6) professional identity, and (7) professional practice. Analysing each aspect of professionalism in HP, we see a clear progression within the last decades internationally as well as in Switzerland. The development of a Core Competency Framework - the CompHP - is a milestone in the professionalization of HP. Some major gaps and barriers are identifiable, which should be proactively faced by the specialist HP professionals. To further flourish as HP professionals, a unity regarding contents and levels of education needs to be discussed. Therefore, an investment in professional identity formation of the specialist HP workforce is likely to promote their engagement, competencies and shared values, which are essential promotors of professionalism in HP.

Introduction: L'évaluation réaliste est de plus en plus plébiscitée dans le champ de la promotion de la santé. Pourtant, cette démarche d'évaluation est encore très peu utilisée par, ou même avec, des équipes de terrain, ce qui vient limiter sa portée pour les pratiques de terrain. Notre étude propose d'explorer les conditions favorables à la pratique de l'évaluation réaliste par des équipes de promotion de la santé.Méthodes :Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une étude de cas multiples impliquant une chercheuse et quatre équipes de promotion de la santé en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Des données qualitatives ont été collectées tout au long de l'expérimentation de l'évaluation réaliste de projets de promotion de la santé avec les quatre équipes bruxelloises.Résultats :Nos résultats montrent l'intérêt de l'évaluation réaliste pour orienter les pratiques évaluatives des acteurs de terrain vers des pratiques favorables à la réflexivité. Ils montrent aussi les difficultés rencontrées et les ressources sur lesquelles s'appuyer pour les surmonter. Quatre conditions sont ainsi mises en évidence pour mener une évaluation réaliste de manière participative et capacitante.

Conclusion: Notre étude encourage à envisager de nouveaux repères pour une pratique pragmatique de l'évaluation réaliste dans le champ de la promotion de la santé, axée sur la participation et la capacitation des parties prenantes.

Background: Preventing drowning in adults is a complex, multifaceted injury prevention issue. The adult drowning rate in Australia is continuing to rise. In 2023, more than half of those who drowned were aged over 45 years. While there has been a call for robust, evidence-informed drowning prevention interventions across the life course, evidence of evaluated, drowning prevention programmes for adults is lacking. For more than a decade, drowning prevention researchers and practitioners in Western Australia (WA) have worked in partnership to design and evaluate evidence-informed programmes. This paper describes formative research to develop 'Make the Right Call' (MTRC), an adult water safety programme in WA.

Methods: A staged, mixed-methods, formative evaluation was undertaken to inform the design of MTRC.Stages:The approach involved cluster analysis of coronial data 2008-2018 (n = 93), interviews with adults aged 45-64 years (n = 10) and 65 years and older (n = 15), theory mapping, survey design, content and face validity testing of a baseline questionnaire with content experts (n = 11) and a refined instrument to collect knowledge, and data on norms and water-based activity. The subsequent MTRC programme comprised a media campaign, community swimming and safety classes, lifejacket trade-in, subsidised first-aid training and community education.

Discussion: The results of each stage informed the design and evaluation of a new evidence-informed and theory-driven drowning prevention programme for adults aged 45 years and older, delivered by the peak drowning prevention agency in WA, Royal Life Saving Western Australia. An investment in mixed-methods research by the partnership added rigour and credibility to the programme and evaluation design.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first adult water safety programme to apply a theory-driven, evidence-informed approach to its development, implementation and evaluation. The partnership was vital in maximising and accelerating the acceptable transfer of results to enhance knowledge creation and, ultimately, the design of the MTRC drowning prevention programme.

A clean and safe environment is necessary for healthy living. This explains why safe water and sanitation is a component of the Sustainable Development Goals, to achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and ending open defecation by 2030. However, with the snails pace of development and poor open defecation free initiatives, particularly in many developing countries, the 2030 target appears highly threatened. This study, therefore, examined the level of open defecation practice and awareness of the dangers associated with such a practice among residents of the Malete community of Kwara State. The study employed the survey method with a structured questionnaire to gather data from 228 participants out of the 10,547 community population. Among other findings, the study found a high prevalence of open defecation among Malate residents. It also discovered that through radio and interpersonal communication most respondents were exposed to messages on the significance of the regular use of enclosed toilet systems for defecation. Still, the respondents further confirmed that the spread of open defecation practice among them was exacerbated by poverty and lack of enclosed toilet facilities. However, in the case of the Malete community, the study found that there is no significant relationship between income level and involvement in open defecation. The study concluded that exposure to health messages via interpersonal and radio channels, provision of public toilet facilities, and awareness creation through education and community-driven campaigns could potentially improve behaviour.

This quantitative study examined the impact of positive parenting campaigns on the Maltese population. Two cross-sectional surveys of the Maltese population were conducted at two time points, examining two campaigns that were conducted over two consecutive years. The first and second survey comprised 800 and 600 respondents, respectively. In total, 25% and 20% parents had heard about the first and second campaigns, respectively, suggesting that these campaigns had an impact, even when launched for short durations. The second campaign was rated as more effective than the first campaign, and fewer participants in the second campaign recalled no learning points from the campaign. Television spots during prime time and storyboards were most effective modes of media, followed by Facebook posts. Future long-term studies should explore the retention of the learning points from the campaigns, and the inclusion of practical examples is recommended for future positive parenting campaigns.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected both the behaviour and the mental health of people and made the decision-making process on health subjects a difficult task. Based on the Common-Sense Model, the current study aimed to investigate and document the public's perceptions of COVID-19, examine the relationship between health literacy, fear of COVID-19, and illness perceptions and explore their role in the adoption of protective behaviours. Data from 330 adults were collected through an electronic questionnaire, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, the European Health Literacy Questionnaire-16, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and items related to socio-demographic characteristics, protective behaviours and experience of illness. The results show that increased fear was correlated to more dysfunctional perceptions and increased adherence to protective behaviours (mask use and intention to vaccinate). Increased health literacy was correlated to more functional perceptions and higher intention to use masks, but not to get vaccinated. Health literacy was a significant mediator in the relationship between fear and illness perceptions and between fear and protective behaviours. The results could be useful for promoting public health risk prevention. Targeting strategies for managing negative emotions and enhancing health literacy could be an important step toward more functional illness perceptions and health behaviours.