Global Health Promotion最新文献

Background: Health literacy encompasses the social and cognitive skills required to access, comprehend, and use health information to maintain or improve health. This is the first study to assess the health literacy levels of health science students and adult residents in Singapore using the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ) and compare their levels.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Singapore from December 2019 to January 2023. The 44-item HLQ was administered to (1) entry-level health science students in a local university and (2) adult residents aged 18 and 80 who could understand and respond in English, Mandarin, or Malay. Variables such as demographic data, gender, age, language(s) spoken, education levels, and employment status were collected. HLQ scores were analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test, and rank-biserial coefficient.

Results: Two hundred and eighty-two surveys were returned (students, n = 112; residents, n = 170). Overall, the health science students, particularly the female subgroup, obtained higher mean HLQ scores than the residents. Conversely, male residents scored better in 5 of the 9 subscales. Most comparisons lack statistical significance despite the noticeable effect sizes.

Conclusions: Health science students have better health literacy when navigating health information. However, the lack of significant difference between groups for most HLQ scales, especially when comparing within age groups, indicated that the health science students needed to be more confident in their health literacy skills.

Interventions informed by intergenerational resilience have shown positive effects on youth mental health. In Majority World countries, however, mental health promotion remains constrained by stigmatizing beliefs and limited resources. This study explored multiple stakeholder perspectives of how intergenerational learning was incorporated in youth-led mental health promotion in Pakistan. Fourteen youth peer educators co-designed a mental health promotion programme with family advisers and facilitated 11 workshops in two disadvantaged areas of Karachi. Of the 304 workshops participants, a sub-sample of 63 youth, mothers, teachers and peer educators attended 11 focus groups. Established themes related to the process that enabled intergenerational learning, notably participatory activities, and how such learning could be transferred to resilience-enabling systems by mobilizing communities. A multidimensional resilience framework that draws upon intergenerational experiences can usefully inform youth mental health promotion, especially in resource-constrained settings. Co-production with holders of local knowledge can engage and empower communities.

Sports clubs have been encouraged by political and health authorities to exploit their health promotion potential. Yet, existing literature highlights a lack of systems thinking and coordination, limiting sports clubs' capacity to implement sustainable health promotion interventions. The aim of this article is to describe the scaling-up process and the initial systems map of a health promotion intervention in sports clubs - the PROSCeSS intervention - and to discuss the use of the ExpandNet/WHO guide in this context.A participatory research approach using the nine-step guide from the ExpandNet/WHO was used. Five 2-hour meetings, completed with feedback and questionnaires between meetings, involving 36 stakeholders (14 from public health, 7 from sports, 7 academics and 8 political actors, from local to national levels), were recorded. The data (notes, meeting minutes, questionnaires) were analysed using a deductive process based on the nine-step ExpandNet/WHO guide. Results enabled researchers to identify targets of the intervention, as well as challenges and facilitators for implementing health promotion interventions in sports clubs. Fifty political, sports, academic and public health organisations at local and regional levels were identified as being able to support the scaling-up of the intervention, endorsing different roles : 1) methodological support, 2) communication, 3) provision of resources, 4) advocacy and 5) research. Twenty-two actions were identified and prioritised to support organisations in fulfilling the role they can play in the institutionalisation and expansion of health promotion in sports clubs. This work contributes to strengthening the multi-level systems thinking needed for health promotion implementation in sports clubs, enhancing their societal role to support individuals' health.

Background: The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention established and launched the Public Health Risk Communication and Community Engagement Community of Practice in Africa (PH-RCCE-CoPA) initiative during the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020 in collaboration with the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa and developed terms of reference. This initiative aimed to strengthen capacity of Member States and institutionalize Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) for public health emergencies in Africa through the exchange of knowledge and best practices, as well as respond to rumours and misconceptions.

Conclusions: Establishing the PH-RCCE-CoPA and subsequent training of RCCE focal points in Member States facilitated a coordinated approach to RCCE which helped to reduce rumours and misconceptions and increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence and uptake.

Introduction et objectif :Une réponse efficace aux crises sanitaires telle la maladie à virus Ebola (MVE) nécessite l'engagement des communautés. Cette étude explore les enjeux psychosociaux influant sur la réponse des communautés congolaises aux épidémies de MVE, et comment la détresse et la résilience communautaire s'intègrent dans l'approche « Une seule santé » selon les perceptions des communautés.Méthodes :Cette étude de cas qualitative au nord Kivu inclut des entretiens individuels (n = 36) avec des informateurs clés et trois groupes de discussions avec des participants (n = 28) issus de diverses associations locales. Le cadre MATCH de l'engagement communautaire, adapté, structure l'analyse thématique.Résultats :Les participants ont tous reconnu le vécu douloureux - la peur, le rejet, la stigmatisation - des communautés et des professionnels de santé, et le rôle crucial des communautés dans la réponse aux épidémies. Ils ont souligné l'importance d'impliquer ces communautés dans l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre des stratégies pour éviter l'« Ebola business ». Les perceptions face à la maladie des différentes catégories de participants sont influencées par des croyances, les rôles sociaux et des considérations religieuses. Concernant l'approche « Une seule santé », les participants ont reconnu la nécessité d'impliquer toutes les couches sociales de la communauté.Conclusion :Un modèle innovant de gestion des épidémies et urgences de santé publique intègre les essentiels de l'engagement communautaire dont la détresse psychologique.

La qualité de la mise en œuvre d'une intervention de promotion de la santé est essentielle pour garantir son adaptation au contexte et aux besoins des populations. Pourtant, elle est encore négligée dans les recherches. Alors qu'elle est entreprise depuis les années 1930 dans l'étude des politiques publiques, le domaine de la santé fait face à une prolifération de termes qui ne facilite pas son enseignement et son organisation. Ce commentaire montre qu'il n'existe pas de différence notoire entre la recherche sur la mise en œuvre (implementation science) et la recherche de mise en œuvre (implementation research). Plutôt qu'un débat sémantique, il est important de rendre cette analyse plus systématique avec des démarches scientifiques et interdisciplinaires. La recherche concernant la mise en œuvre d'une intervention de promotion de la santé doit chercher à comprendre comment rendre nos actions plus équitables et plus efficaces.

This paper describes fuzzy cognitive mapping as an accessible and robust tool to strengthen community engagement in health promotion research. We outline how fuzzy cognitive mapping can combine, compare, and contextualize knowledge and priorities from diverse population groups as well as from evidence syntheses. We present procedures to represent a shared perspective across populations or population groups through reconciling maps by simple or weighted averaging. We present a novel second approach to reconciling derived from discourse analysis. We then present two procedures to contextualize one knowledge in another knowledge. The first procedure draws on Bayesian updating, providing a formal way to account for stakeholder knowledge in contextualizing other knowledge sources, including evidence syntheses. A second approach compares discourse patterns across maps derived from different sources. We provide examples of each procedure, describe how each may contribute to greater incorporation of patient- and community-level input in decision-making, and share tools for researchers interested in applications of fuzzy cognitive mapping.