The Earthquake Research Committee (ERC) of the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion conducted a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment due to large earthquakes along the Nankai Trough for the next 30 years. Utilizing the basic data of earthquake source models and calculated maximum tsunami heights, the authors propose a method to evaluate the hazard curves of the first and second earthquakes separately, considering the sequence of earthquake occurrence in one cycle of large earthquake activities along the Nankai Trough. First, based on the relative weights allocated to the 176 occurrence patterns of 79 earthquake source regions, the weights for the 2,720 characterized earthquake fault models (CEFMs) are calculated. The hazard curve of the first earthquake is evaluated using the 2,720 sets of maximum tsunami heights and weights under the condition that one of the CEFMs causes an earthquake. Next, the conditional hazard curves for the possible second earthquakes conditional on each individual first earthquake are calculated. Finally, the hazard curve for the second earthquake is evaluated as a weighted average of the conditional hazard curves. Numerical examples are shown for 15 sites. The first earthquake accounts for about 60% or more of the total hazard evaluated by ERC, and its contribution increases with increasing maximum tsunami height. The first and second earthquakes account for 80%–90% of the total hazard.
{"title":"Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment Considering the Sequence of the First and Second Earthquakes Along the Nankai Trough","authors":"Yuyu Jiao, N. Nojima","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0839","url":null,"abstract":"The Earthquake Research Committee (ERC) of the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion conducted a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment due to large earthquakes along the Nankai Trough for the next 30 years. Utilizing the basic data of earthquake source models and calculated maximum tsunami heights, the authors propose a method to evaluate the hazard curves of the first and second earthquakes separately, considering the sequence of earthquake occurrence in one cycle of large earthquake activities along the Nankai Trough. First, based on the relative weights allocated to the 176 occurrence patterns of 79 earthquake source regions, the weights for the 2,720 characterized earthquake fault models (CEFMs) are calculated. The hazard curve of the first earthquake is evaluated using the 2,720 sets of maximum tsunami heights and weights under the condition that one of the CEFMs causes an earthquake. Next, the conditional hazard curves for the possible second earthquakes conditional on each individual first earthquake are calculated. Finally, the hazard curve for the second earthquake is evaluated as a weighted average of the conditional hazard curves. Numerical examples are shown for 15 sites. The first earthquake accounts for about 60% or more of the total hazard evaluated by ERC, and its contribution increases with increasing maximum tsunami height. The first and second earthquakes account for 80%–90% of the total hazard.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The northern part of the Japan Sea is a seismically active region where several large earthquakes were recorded in the past. Some of the earthquakes were accompanied by tsunamis. However, there is insufficient information on them. In this study, we aimed to examine a sea surface abnormality that occurred in 1415, as described in the Chosŏn Wangjo Sillok (“The Chronology of the Li Dynasty of Korea”). This sea surface abnormality was widely observed along the east coast of the Korean Peninsula, and seawater run-up and withdrawal occurred several times. Volcanic eruptions or earthquakes can be considered the cause of this sea surface abnormality, with the possibility of heavy rain or wind.
{"title":"Korean Records of a Probable Tsunami in the Japan Sea in May 1415","authors":"Kentaro Hattori","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0835","url":null,"abstract":"The northern part of the Japan Sea is a seismically active region where several large earthquakes were recorded in the past. Some of the earthquakes were accompanied by tsunamis. However, there is insufficient information on them. In this study, we aimed to examine a sea surface abnormality that occurred in 1415, as described in the Chosŏn Wangjo Sillok (“The Chronology of the Li Dynasty of Korea”). This sea surface abnormality was widely observed along the east coast of the Korean Peninsula, and seawater run-up and withdrawal occurred several times. Volcanic eruptions or earthquakes can be considered the cause of this sea surface abnormality, with the possibility of heavy rain or wind.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors have proposed a modified intensity–duration (I-D) method that incorporates field measurements of tensiometer to improve the accuracy of predicting the risk of slope failure. This method uses an indicator that considers the relationship of the duration from the time point at which the saturated zone is assumed to have formed to the average rainfall intensity during that period. The usefulness of this method has been verified, but its applicability to different slopes has not yet been investigated. Here, the authors collected long-term observations on a natural slope in Minamiashigara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and examined the Modified I-D method using data on slope failures in the surrounding area. The authors also compared the results with plots of previous rainfall index (soil water index–accumulated rainfall in 60 min, effective rainfall amount with a half-life of 72 h–effective rainfall amount with a half-life of 1.5 h, and accumulated rainfall–accumulated rainfall in 60 min). The snake curves for rainfall events during slope failure and non-failure were clearly separated. The accuracy was high, confirming the applicability of the modified I-D method.
{"title":"Applicability of a Modified I-D Method for Predicting Slope Failure to Different Slopes","authors":"T. Danjo, T. Ishizawa","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0859","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have proposed a modified intensity–duration (I-D) method that incorporates field measurements of tensiometer to improve the accuracy of predicting the risk of slope failure. This method uses an indicator that considers the relationship of the duration from the time point at which the saturated zone is assumed to have formed to the average rainfall intensity during that period. The usefulness of this method has been verified, but its applicability to different slopes has not yet been investigated. Here, the authors collected long-term observations on a natural slope in Minamiashigara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and examined the Modified I-D method using data on slope failures in the surrounding area. The authors also compared the results with plots of previous rainfall index (soil water index–accumulated rainfall in 60 min, effective rainfall amount with a half-life of 72 h–effective rainfall amount with a half-life of 1.5 h, and accumulated rainfall–accumulated rainfall in 60 min). The snake curves for rainfall events during slope failure and non-failure were clearly separated. The accuracy was high, confirming the applicability of the modified I-D method.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palu City is one of the city centers in the world which is located on a fault line that is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The latest earthquake and tsunami occurred on September 28, 2018 with a magnitude of Mw 7.4, which was centered on the ground and caused a large tsunami in Palu City. The earthquake and tsunami claimed 4,194 lives and damaged 55,102 buildings while missing, heavily, and lightly damaged. To reduce the impact of disasters, it is necessary to make efforts to increase awareness based on local wisdom so that it can be easily implemented in the community of Palu City. Local wisdom was explored by the people of Palu City and saw its effect on the level of alertness to disasters caused by the earthquake and tsunami. Local wisdom ombo is obtained from the people of Palu City, which contains a prohibition on building close to clean water sources. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with 121 affected communities regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and environmental conditions related to the level of vigilance. For environmental variables, local activity was a parameter included in the survey. The results of the analysis showed that the level of knowledge about the earthquake and tsunami as well as attitudes based on local wisdom increased the level of vigilance in disaster risk reduction efforts in Palu City. The results of the analysis showed that the implementation of attitudes based on local wisdom can affect the level of alertness with a value of 0.87, which means that the application of local wisdom can increase preparedness for earthquake and tsunami disaster. Indigenous latent variables (knowledge, attitudes, and environmental conditions) had a strong effect on exogenous latent variables (earthquake and tsunami preparedness) with an R2 value of 0.741.
{"title":"Disaster Preparedness Using Local Wisdom Approach in Palu City","authors":"Muhammad Rusydi, Y. Mudin, Rahmawati, Sabhan","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0852","url":null,"abstract":"Palu City is one of the city centers in the world which is located on a fault line that is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The latest earthquake and tsunami occurred on September 28, 2018 with a magnitude of Mw 7.4, which was centered on the ground and caused a large tsunami in Palu City. The earthquake and tsunami claimed 4,194 lives and damaged 55,102 buildings while missing, heavily, and lightly damaged. To reduce the impact of disasters, it is necessary to make efforts to increase awareness based on local wisdom so that it can be easily implemented in the community of Palu City. Local wisdom was explored by the people of Palu City and saw its effect on the level of alertness to disasters caused by the earthquake and tsunami. Local wisdom ombo is obtained from the people of Palu City, which contains a prohibition on building close to clean water sources. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with 121 affected communities regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and environmental conditions related to the level of vigilance. For environmental variables, local activity was a parameter included in the survey. The results of the analysis showed that the level of knowledge about the earthquake and tsunami as well as attitudes based on local wisdom increased the level of vigilance in disaster risk reduction efforts in Palu City. The results of the analysis showed that the implementation of attitudes based on local wisdom can affect the level of alertness with a value of 0.87, which means that the application of local wisdom can increase preparedness for earthquake and tsunami disaster. Indigenous latent variables (knowledge, attitudes, and environmental conditions) had a strong effect on exogenous latent variables (earthquake and tsunami preparedness) with an R2 value of 0.741.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seismic activity of the Nasudake volcano is summarized based on hypocenter data from the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). The observation period spans 24 years, from October 1998 to December 2022, and the number of earthquakes during the period is 12,064. Of these, 80.1% occurred between depths of 0.7 and 2.6 km; 94% registered between -1.6 and 0.9 on the Richter scale. The lower limit of the detectable magnitude (magnitude of completeness, Mc) for the transition of the volcano-observation system was examined and found to be -0.5 for Mc before 2005 and -1.4 for Mc after 2012. Focusing on zones where seismic activity was concentrated, we divided the active zones into four areas. The greatest concentration of seismic activity, 76.4% of the total number of earthquakes, was between Chausu-dake and Asahi-dake. The depth of the earthquakes in this active area was shallower than 2 km, and most were micro-earthquakes (1 ≤ M < 3) or smaller. Earthquakes have been occurring regularly for 24 years. This active area includes the Chausu-dake lava dome formed by activities in 1408–1410 and two craters where phreatic eruptions have occurred since the Meiji era (1868–1912). Therefore, in considering volcano disaster-prevention measures, the relationship between this seismic area and volcanic activity should continue to be closely monitored.
{"title":"The Seismic Activity of the Nasudake Volcano Using Hypocenter Data (1998–2022) from the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience","authors":"Toshikazu Tanada, Hideki Ueda","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0740","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic activity of the Nasudake volcano is summarized based on hypocenter data from the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). The observation period spans 24 years, from October 1998 to December 2022, and the number of earthquakes during the period is 12,064. Of these, 80.1% occurred between depths of 0.7 and 2.6 km; 94% registered between -1.6 and 0.9 on the Richter scale. The lower limit of the detectable magnitude (magnitude of completeness, Mc) for the transition of the volcano-observation system was examined and found to be -0.5 for Mc before 2005 and -1.4 for Mc after 2012. Focusing on zones where seismic activity was concentrated, we divided the active zones into four areas. The greatest concentration of seismic activity, 76.4% of the total number of earthquakes, was between Chausu-dake and Asahi-dake. The depth of the earthquakes in this active area was shallower than 2 km, and most were micro-earthquakes (1 ≤ M < 3) or smaller. Earthquakes have been occurring regularly for 24 years. This active area includes the Chausu-dake lava dome formed by activities in 1408–1410 and two craters where phreatic eruptions have occurred since the Meiji era (1868–1912). Therefore, in considering volcano disaster-prevention measures, the relationship between this seismic area and volcanic activity should continue to be closely monitored.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many companies experienced a sharp and significant decline in sales, resulting in a major crisis. This study proposes a method for estimating the risk of a sudden and significant decline in sales to tackle the aforementioned issue. The method is based on the distributional characteristics calculated from historical data of companies mainly in the transportation industry, which are vulnerable to disasters, using the damage caused by COVID-19 as a lesson. Furthermore, we conduct an empirical analysis using the proposed stochastic model for the case of the All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (ANA), a major Japanese airline company. The results are as follows: (1) the sales change rates are normally distributed before COVID-19, but inclusion of post-COVID-19 data produced asymmetric distribution of sales change rates; (2) the proposed statistic is log-normally distributed (including post-COVID-19 data) for a time interval of two or three years; (3) the probability of actual sales decline was estimated to be between 0.1% and 1.6% in fiscal year (FY) 2020 and FY2021 post-COVID-19; (4) the estimated risk of future sales decline is well-grounded in light of past actual values.
{"title":"Estimation of Sales Decline Risk Based on COVID-19 as a Model","authors":"Katsumasa Ohori","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0796","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many companies experienced a sharp and significant decline in sales, resulting in a major crisis. This study proposes a method for estimating the risk of a sudden and significant decline in sales to tackle the aforementioned issue. The method is based on the distributional characteristics calculated from historical data of companies mainly in the transportation industry, which are vulnerable to disasters, using the damage caused by COVID-19 as a lesson. Furthermore, we conduct an empirical analysis using the proposed stochastic model for the case of the All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (ANA), a major Japanese airline company. The results are as follows: (1) the sales change rates are normally distributed before COVID-19, but inclusion of post-COVID-19 data produced asymmetric distribution of sales change rates; (2) the proposed statistic is log-normally distributed (including post-COVID-19 data) for a time interval of two or three years; (3) the probability of actual sales decline was estimated to be between 0.1% and 1.6% in fiscal year (FY) 2020 and FY2021 post-COVID-19; (4) the estimated risk of future sales decline is well-grounded in light of past actual values.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the working performance of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls has shown their outstanding stability and capacity to accommodate large deformation. The behavior and failure mechanisms of conventional MSE walls have been carefully examined. In cases where space is limited, such as in mountainous regions, in coastal regions, and for road expansion, the conventional MSE wall can be modified by adjusting the length of reinforcement to conform the construction area. For narrow geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) wall, the modification and arrangement of reinforcement components, including reinforcement tensile strength, vertical spacing, and aspect ratio, play key roles in the behavior of reinforced earth walls and can also lead to differences in the distribution of lateral earth pressure compared with conventional MSE walls. In this study, a series of geotechnical centrifuge tests are conducted to clarify the failure behaviors, distribution of lateral earth pressure, and deformation progresses of narrow GRS walls. Among the investigated variants, it is verified that improved reinforcement strength leads to a significant decrease in horizontal wall displacement. The relationship among lateral earth pressure, zero-earth-pressure zone, and horizontal displacement can be applied to predict the deformation of a narrow GRS wall.
{"title":"Failure Mechanism and Deformation-Based Design of Narrow Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls","authors":"Wen-Yi Hung, Truong-Nhat-Phuong Pham, Susannah Boer","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0715","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the working performance of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls has shown their outstanding stability and capacity to accommodate large deformation. The behavior and failure mechanisms of conventional MSE walls have been carefully examined. In cases where space is limited, such as in mountainous regions, in coastal regions, and for road expansion, the conventional MSE wall can be modified by adjusting the length of reinforcement to conform the construction area. For narrow geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) wall, the modification and arrangement of reinforcement components, including reinforcement tensile strength, vertical spacing, and aspect ratio, play key roles in the behavior of reinforced earth walls and can also lead to differences in the distribution of lateral earth pressure compared with conventional MSE walls. In this study, a series of geotechnical centrifuge tests are conducted to clarify the failure behaviors, distribution of lateral earth pressure, and deformation progresses of narrow GRS walls. Among the investigated variants, it is verified that improved reinforcement strength leads to a significant decrease in horizontal wall displacement. The relationship among lateral earth pressure, zero-earth-pressure zone, and horizontal displacement can be applied to predict the deformation of a narrow GRS wall.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We carry out experiments to grasp the movement of climbers as well as an experiment to share the disaster situation with related organizations in real time, at Nasudake in 2020 and Ontakesan in 2022. In the experiments, small beacons are distributed to many climbers, and their movements are detected by receivers installed on mountain trails in advance. We build an online viewer to visualize the monitoring results on a web map in real time, and share them with the related organizations, and exchange opinions with them about the use of the acquired data for disaster prevention. Based on the results of the experiments, we consider how to solve problems related to volcanic disaster prevention. It is shown that the systems used in the experiments leads to solutions to problems related to volcanic disaster prevention during not only disasters but also normal times, such as updating drills and revising evacuation plans.
{"title":"Consideration for Solving Problems Related to Volcanic Disaster Prevention by Real-Time Grasping of Climber Movement","authors":"Yousuke Miyagi, Kazushiro Yoshimori, Shigeharu Kaneta, Yuichiro Usuda","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0754","url":null,"abstract":"We carry out experiments to grasp the movement of climbers as well as an experiment to share the disaster situation with related organizations in real time, at Nasudake in 2020 and Ontakesan in 2022. In the experiments, small beacons are distributed to many climbers, and their movements are detected by receivers installed on mountain trails in advance. We build an online viewer to visualize the monitoring results on a web map in real time, and share them with the related organizations, and exchange opinions with them about the use of the acquired data for disaster prevention. Based on the results of the experiments, we consider how to solve problems related to volcanic disaster prevention. It is shown that the systems used in the experiments leads to solutions to problems related to volcanic disaster prevention during not only disasters but also normal times, such as updating drills and revising evacuation plans.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are very pleased to publish this Special Issue, NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2023, which includes three papers and one tutorial. The first paper, authored by Dhakal and Kunugi, presents the orientation changes that earthquake movements have caused in the accelerometers of a seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunamis along the Japan Trench (S-net). This study is expected to contribute to more accurate analyses of S-net data. The second and third papers are reports of research done on volcanoes. The paper by Tanada and Ueda presents the seismic activity of the Nasudake volcano through the use of NIED hypocenter data gathered from 1998 to 2022. Tanada and Ueda state that earthquakes have regularly occurred near the Chausudake lava dome and two craters and that, from the volcano disaster-prevention point of view, it is important to monitor the relationship between this seismic area and volcanic activity. The third paper, by Miyagi et al., reports on an experiment aimed at grasping the movement of climbers and sharing the level of disaster threat with climber-related organizations in real time. Their online visualization system for the movement of climbers helps to provide solutions to problems related to volcanic disaster prevention not only during disaster events but also in the periods between. The last paper is a tutorial by Hanashima and Usuda on “SIP4D-ZIP,” which is a standard for synthesizing and sharing common information from multiple organizations. This tutorial explains how to realize a versatile and automatic mutual data sharing and usage system for various kinds of necessary disaster information. In conjunction with the fourth 7-year mid/long term plan period 2016-2022, NIED has published seven special issues since 2017, including this 2023 issue. We believe that the articles in these seven issues can contribute to the advancement of science and technology for disaster risk reduction and resilience.
{"title":"Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2023","authors":"Kaoru Takara, Shin Aoi","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0729","url":null,"abstract":"We are very pleased to publish this Special Issue, NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2023, which includes three papers and one tutorial. The first paper, authored by Dhakal and Kunugi, presents the orientation changes that earthquake movements have caused in the accelerometers of a seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunamis along the Japan Trench (S-net). This study is expected to contribute to more accurate analyses of S-net data. The second and third papers are reports of research done on volcanoes. The paper by Tanada and Ueda presents the seismic activity of the Nasudake volcano through the use of NIED hypocenter data gathered from 1998 to 2022. Tanada and Ueda state that earthquakes have regularly occurred near the Chausudake lava dome and two craters and that, from the volcano disaster-prevention point of view, it is important to monitor the relationship between this seismic area and volcanic activity. The third paper, by Miyagi et al., reports on an experiment aimed at grasping the movement of climbers and sharing the level of disaster threat with climber-related organizations in real time. Their online visualization system for the movement of climbers helps to provide solutions to problems related to volcanic disaster prevention not only during disaster events but also in the periods between. The last paper is a tutorial by Hanashima and Usuda on “SIP4D-ZIP,” which is a standard for synthesizing and sharing common information from multiple organizations. This tutorial explains how to realize a versatile and automatic mutual data sharing and usage system for various kinds of necessary disaster information. In conjunction with the fourth 7-year mid/long term plan period 2016-2022, NIED has published seven special issues since 2017, including this 2023 issue. We believe that the articles in these seven issues can contribute to the advancement of science and technology for disaster risk reduction and resilience.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a review of the capacity-building program of the Integrated Research for Disaster Reduction International Centre of Excellence at Taipei (IRDR ICoE Taipei) for disaster risk reduction (DRR) since 2011. We present the reasoning, motivation, organizing philosophy, and framework on why and how we have created and run this program, before illustrating its content, including workshop or training course (i.e., Advanced Institute (AI)), seed grant project, follow-up special session of conferences, special issue for publication, and online Master Forum series during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also highlight the efforts, notable results, and achievements of the ICoE Taipei on its long-term capacity-building program on DRR, including 14 in-person (in and outside of Taiwan) and 4 online AIs and 31 seed grant projects in 2011–2022.
{"title":"Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Reduction: A Long-Term Program of the IRDR International Centre of Excellence at Taipei (ICoE-Taipei)","authors":"Jian-Cheng Lee, Chung-Pai Chang, Ying Liao","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0691","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a review of the capacity-building program of the Integrated Research for Disaster Reduction International Centre of Excellence at Taipei (IRDR ICoE Taipei) for disaster risk reduction (DRR) since 2011. We present the reasoning, motivation, organizing philosophy, and framework on why and how we have created and run this program, before illustrating its content, including workshop or training course (i.e., Advanced Institute (AI)), seed grant project, follow-up special session of conferences, special issue for publication, and online Master Forum series during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also highlight the efforts, notable results, and achievements of the ICoE Taipei on its long-term capacity-building program on DRR, including 14 in-person (in and outside of Taiwan) and 4 online AIs and 31 seed grant projects in 2011–2022.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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