COVID-19, spreads very quickly and became a global pandemic in a short time, is not only life-threatening but also disrupts people’s lives, especially the elderly who are very vulnerable to being exposed to the coronavirus. The number of Indonesian elderly people is constantly increasing, reaching around 29 million in 2021. Almost half of them have socio-demographic vulnerability, high morbidity, and limited economic conditions. This paper discusses the importance of reducing the impact and risk that elderly people face in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic with a family and community approach. During the pandemic, the elderly people in the research location confront many challenges, such as accessing health facilities and services, providing basic daily needs, and engaging in social interaction, which are limited due to the government’s social restrictions. The health vulnerabilities and risks of the elderly are therefore getting higher, as indicated by the large number of them exposed to and dying due to COVID-19. The economic vulnerability and financial dependence of some elderly on their families also increase. In these difficult conditions, their families and residential communities provide enormous support and positively influence the knowledge, awareness, and behavior of the elderly regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This research relies heavily on primary data collection using qualitative methods through in-depth interviews with representatives of the elderly in the City of Bekasi, West Java. Data are also collected through a desk review of relevant books, articles, and documents.
{"title":"The Importance of Family and Community Approach in Reducing the Risk Faced by the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"D. Hidayati, Widayatun, A. Situmorang","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0415","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, spreads very quickly and became a global pandemic in a short time, is not only life-threatening but also disrupts people’s lives, especially the elderly who are very vulnerable to being exposed to the coronavirus. The number of Indonesian elderly people is constantly increasing, reaching around 29 million in 2021. Almost half of them have socio-demographic vulnerability, high morbidity, and limited economic conditions. This paper discusses the importance of reducing the impact and risk that elderly people face in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic with a family and community approach. During the pandemic, the elderly people in the research location confront many challenges, such as accessing health facilities and services, providing basic daily needs, and engaging in social interaction, which are limited due to the government’s social restrictions. The health vulnerabilities and risks of the elderly are therefore getting higher, as indicated by the large number of them exposed to and dying due to COVID-19. The economic vulnerability and financial dependence of some elderly on their families also increase. In these difficult conditions, their families and residential communities provide enormous support and positively influence the knowledge, awareness, and behavior of the elderly regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This research relies heavily on primary data collection using qualitative methods through in-depth interviews with representatives of the elderly in the City of Bekasi, West Java. Data are also collected through a desk review of relevant books, articles, and documents.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthquakes and tsunami disasters happen suddenly, devastating cities in just a few minutes. For decision makers to manage such disasters, they need current information on the status of their cities, but all information is collected separately and on paper now. All disaster-related information should be integrated to support decision making. To develop such an integrated system, Peru and Japan launched a new SATREPS project, “Development of Integrated Expert System for Estimation and Observation of Damage Level of Infrastructure in Lima Metropolitan Area,” in 2021. The project consists of four groups. Group 1 is related to earthquake and tsunami hazards, estimating the level of shaking and predicting the damage due to tsunami. Group 2 is related to damage detection/estimation, using sensing devices to estimate the level of damage to buildings and other infrastructure. Group 3 is related to understanding the damage over a wide area through satellite images, and also to the integration of all information from Groups 1 to 3. Group 4 is related to developing the capacity to utilize the integrated expert system. This special issue has been organized to present the progress accomplished in the first two years and to share the project’s achievements. It covers the fields of earthquake hazards, building and infrastructure damage estimation, damage estimation with satellite imagery, and human loss estimation.
{"title":"Special Issue on Development of Integrated Expert System for Estimation and Observation of Damage Level of Infrastructure in Lima Metropolitan Area","authors":"K. Kusunoki","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0297","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes and tsunami disasters happen suddenly, devastating cities in just a few minutes. For decision makers to manage such disasters, they need current information on the status of their cities, but all information is collected separately and on paper now. All disaster-related information should be integrated to support decision making. To develop such an integrated system, Peru and Japan launched a new SATREPS project, “Development of Integrated Expert System for Estimation and Observation of Damage Level of Infrastructure in Lima Metropolitan Area,” in 2021. The project consists of four groups. Group 1 is related to earthquake and tsunami hazards, estimating the level of shaking and predicting the damage due to tsunami. Group 2 is related to damage detection/estimation, using sensing devices to estimate the level of damage to buildings and other infrastructure. Group 3 is related to understanding the damage over a wide area through satellite images, and also to the integration of all information from Groups 1 to 3. Group 4 is related to developing the capacity to utilize the integrated expert system. This special issue has been organized to present the progress accomplished in the first two years and to share the project’s achievements. It covers the fields of earthquake hazards, building and infrastructure damage estimation, damage estimation with satellite imagery, and human loss estimation.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43414735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During big earthquakes, one of the challenges for the decision maker is the estimation of the resources for the attention of the disaster which is computed based on the casualties and injured people, which is generated by damaging earthquake. In this investigation, two criteria for the estimation of casualties during damaging earthquake were presented for Mw>6.5 in one target area, namely, Chorrillos district in the Lima metropolitan. First criterion considers the compilation of existing data that reports the casualties on damaged cities with a population density involved, considering the lifestyle, the time of occurrence, the season of the year, that could influence in the number of victims, which is normalized to avoid temporary effects in the estimation. The second criterion considers the output generated prior computed process such earthquake hazard, microzoning and risk analysis of the target area. Here a series of identification of parameters has been computed such as location of the source of earthquake, depth and epicentral distance, distribution of population, social levels, and others, to estimate the risk. For the computing of the number of casualties in the affected area, a relation between the magnitude and risk is developed. Both criteria provided results which with an uncertain measure, but not so far from each other. That gives us confidence in this approach. Also, we evaluate the estimation with the major earthquake’s scenarios for the region especially in Peru, with reasonable results.
{"title":"In Challenge of Approaching Casualties and Injured People Due to a Damaging Earthquake","authors":"C. Zavala, M. Diaz, Francisco Ríos","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0388","url":null,"abstract":"During big earthquakes, one of the challenges for the decision maker is the estimation of the resources for the attention of the disaster which is computed based on the casualties and injured people, which is generated by damaging earthquake. In this investigation, two criteria for the estimation of casualties during damaging earthquake were presented for Mw>6.5 in one target area, namely, Chorrillos district in the Lima metropolitan. First criterion considers the compilation of existing data that reports the casualties on damaged cities with a population density involved, considering the lifestyle, the time of occurrence, the season of the year, that could influence in the number of victims, which is normalized to avoid temporary effects in the estimation. The second criterion considers the output generated prior computed process such earthquake hazard, microzoning and risk analysis of the target area. Here a series of identification of parameters has been computed such as location of the source of earthquake, depth and epicentral distance, distribution of population, social levels, and others, to estimate the risk. For the computing of the number of casualties in the affected area, a relation between the magnitude and risk is developed. Both criteria provided results which with an uncertain measure, but not so far from each other. That gives us confidence in this approach. Also, we evaluate the estimation with the major earthquake’s scenarios for the region especially in Peru, with reasonable results.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44668832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Gonzales, Roger Garay, L. Moya, F. Lazares, Z. Aguilar, D. Calderon, M. Diaz, M. Matsuoka, C. Zavala
The conjunction of seismic records and site effect parameters can lead to the adequate estimation of seismic indexes in urban areas. In this regard, this study uses the map of soil amplification factors obtained in previous studies and the availability of time history waveforms at different locations throughout Metropolitan Lima and Callao to estimate the geospatial distribution of maximum values of horizontal acceleration after the occurrence of earthquakes. Results for three earthquakes of intermediate magnitude and distinct epicenter locations are publicly available in an online system created within the framework of this study (Amaru Peru) and showed that amplified motions could be mainly observed in the lowlands of populated slopes as well as in the eolian sandy deposits.
{"title":"Preliminary System for the Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration Distribution in Metropolitan Lima and Callao: Application in Recent Seismic Events","authors":"C. Gonzales, Roger Garay, L. Moya, F. Lazares, Z. Aguilar, D. Calderon, M. Diaz, M. Matsuoka, C. Zavala","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0319","url":null,"abstract":"The conjunction of seismic records and site effect parameters can lead to the adequate estimation of seismic indexes in urban areas. In this regard, this study uses the map of soil amplification factors obtained in previous studies and the availability of time history waveforms at different locations throughout Metropolitan Lima and Callao to estimate the geospatial distribution of maximum values of horizontal acceleration after the occurrence of earthquakes. Results for three earthquakes of intermediate magnitude and distinct epicenter locations are publicly available in an online system created within the framework of this study (Amaru Peru) and showed that amplified motions could be mainly observed in the lowlands of populated slopes as well as in the eolian sandy deposits.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42981093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Practicing rescue plans is an important training method to improve the rescue capacity of firefighters, yet the status of such practice has rarely been reported in international journals. Vietnamese firefighters expanded the types of rescue plans to be practiced in 2012, but this activity remains limited and inadequate. This study aims to identify the causes of the current limitations in the practice of rescue plans and proposes solutions to improve the ability of Vietnamese firefighters to practice rescue plans. To identify the characteristics of rescue practice activities in Vietnam, 200 rescue plans and 100 rescue practice videos were analyzed. A survey of 196 officers from 16 provincial fire departments was conducted to identify reasons for these limitations. Officers’ responses from eight provincial fire departments with good performance in 2020 were compared with those of officers from other fire departments. The responses were also compared across the four groups of officials with different work experiences. The method of practicing rescue plans in Vietnam was compared with that proposed by the US Department of Homeland Security. This study suggests that Vietnam should apply less expensive exercises and not depend too much on hypothetical incident scenes. The same recommendation applies to other Southeast Asian countries.
{"title":"Practicing Rescue Plans of Vietnamese Firefighters: Situation and Solutions","authors":"Hung Le Tien, Nam Pham Van, Takaaki Kato","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0436","url":null,"abstract":"Practicing rescue plans is an important training method to improve the rescue capacity of firefighters, yet the status of such practice has rarely been reported in international journals. Vietnamese firefighters expanded the types of rescue plans to be practiced in 2012, but this activity remains limited and inadequate. This study aims to identify the causes of the current limitations in the practice of rescue plans and proposes solutions to improve the ability of Vietnamese firefighters to practice rescue plans. To identify the characteristics of rescue practice activities in Vietnam, 200 rescue plans and 100 rescue practice videos were analyzed. A survey of 196 officers from 16 provincial fire departments was conducted to identify reasons for these limitations. Officers’ responses from eight provincial fire departments with good performance in 2020 were compared with those of officers from other fire departments. The responses were also compared across the four groups of officials with different work experiences. The method of practicing rescue plans in Vietnam was compared with that proposed by the US Department of Homeland Security. This study suggests that Vietnam should apply less expensive exercises and not depend too much on hypothetical incident scenes. The same recommendation applies to other Southeast Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natsuko Chubachi, Kumiko Konno, Y. Fukushima, Takeshi Sato
Japanese citizens are still not fully prepared for an occurrence of the Nankai Trough Earthquake. In the Japanese population, it is not an easy task to achieve disaster preparedness, and to address issues such as a lack of initiative and low priority in disaster risk reduction (DRR). In their attempt to address these issues, the authors focused on Japanese elementary school students and their parents by conducting a lighthearted workshop that encouraged them to initiate risk reduction activities against disasters caused by natural hazards, including the Nankai Trough Earthquake. The workshop was a nonschool-based DRR activity, and it had the following characteristics: (1) the contents were comprehensively developed from a collaboration between researchers in science and engineering with a disaster science communicator and media personnel; (2) innovative contents were communicated in a creative manner; (3) incorporation of a “newspaper-making” activity; and (4) an online format that easily enabled those who did not have a close social network in the community to participate in it. The workshop was conducted with 21 families, and they developed original newspapers on DRR. The findings of the completed newspapers, participant observations, and questionnaire survey revealed that the workshop was an effective starting point for citizens to proactively engage in DRR, including the Nankai Trough Earthquake.
{"title":"“What if the Nankai Trough Earthquake Occurred?”: A Collaboration Between Academia with the Media Using a Newspaper-Making Workshop as a Starting Point to Engage Elementary School Students and Their Parents in Disaster Risk Reduction","authors":"Natsuko Chubachi, Kumiko Konno, Y. Fukushima, Takeshi Sato","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0397","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese citizens are still not fully prepared for an occurrence of the Nankai Trough Earthquake. In the Japanese population, it is not an easy task to achieve disaster preparedness, and to address issues such as a lack of initiative and low priority in disaster risk reduction (DRR). In their attempt to address these issues, the authors focused on Japanese elementary school students and their parents by conducting a lighthearted workshop that encouraged them to initiate risk reduction activities against disasters caused by natural hazards, including the Nankai Trough Earthquake. The workshop was a nonschool-based DRR activity, and it had the following characteristics: (1) the contents were comprehensively developed from a collaboration between researchers in science and engineering with a disaster science communicator and media personnel; (2) innovative contents were communicated in a creative manner; (3) incorporation of a “newspaper-making” activity; and (4) an online format that easily enabled those who did not have a close social network in the community to participate in it. The workshop was conducted with 21 families, and they developed original newspapers on DRR. The findings of the completed newspapers, participant observations, and questionnaire survey revealed that the workshop was an effective starting point for citizens to proactively engage in DRR, including the Nankai Trough Earthquake.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48393423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy-generating and storage systems, such as photovoltaic (PV) panels and energy storage batteries in homes, are becoming increasingly popular in the context of decarbonization. The systems are also expected to increase household resilience to natural hazard-triggered blackouts. However, how these systems contribute to the use of electrical appliances in households in actual cases is not sufficiently known. Therefore, this report aims to describe the activities that a household with an energy-generating and storage system could undertake during a natural hazard-triggered blackout. We focused on the blackout triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake (approximately 2.95 million households lost power) and conducted an interview with a household living in a detached all-electric house with a PV and battery system. The results showed that the household lived without inconveniences during the blackout due to the power supply from the installed system, despite the weather. They charged cell phones and used a television, refrigerator, microwave oven, cooking heater, and bath. Moreover, the household’s electricity was also supplied to other households. These results clarified the actual benefit of enhancing household and community resilience of the systems. The results will aid household decision-making for the installation and governmental consideration of subsidies.
{"title":"How a Household Survived a Natural Hazard-Triggered Blackout with Photovoltaic and Battery Energy System: A Report of 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake in Japan","authors":"Hitomu Kotani, K. Nakano","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0280","url":null,"abstract":"Energy-generating and storage systems, such as photovoltaic (PV) panels and energy storage batteries in homes, are becoming increasingly popular in the context of decarbonization. The systems are also expected to increase household resilience to natural hazard-triggered blackouts. However, how these systems contribute to the use of electrical appliances in households in actual cases is not sufficiently known. Therefore, this report aims to describe the activities that a household with an energy-generating and storage system could undertake during a natural hazard-triggered blackout. We focused on the blackout triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake (approximately 2.95 million households lost power) and conducted an interview with a household living in a detached all-electric house with a PV and battery system. The results showed that the household lived without inconveniences during the blackout due to the power supply from the installed system, despite the weather. They charged cell phones and used a television, refrigerator, microwave oven, cooking heater, and bath. Moreover, the household’s electricity was also supplied to other households. These results clarified the actual benefit of enhancing household and community resilience of the systems. The results will aid household decision-making for the installation and governmental consideration of subsidies.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41622065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Japanese expatriates living in China. The survey period was from March 30 to July 31, 2021; responses were received via an online survey. An online survey gathered responses from 236 participants about the impact of COVID-19 on their work and life. While 80% of the participants responded that COVID-19 had impacted their work and life, 60% said that it had a physical or mental impact. Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were conducted to compare the effects of COVID-19 on job performance, including personal attributes. The impact of COVID-19 was associated with gender (p = .007), age (p = .010), occupation (p = .005), job title (p = .009), and living arrangements with or without a partner (p = .005). The impact was also correlated with age (p = .030), job position (p = .014), number of times the respondent had lived in Japan (p = .003), and number of years in Japan (p = .015). The most significant effect on mental and physical health was correlated with job position (p = .016). Thus, Japanese expatriates living in China were substantially affected by the COVID-19 epidemic; although, 60% of them said their region was easy to live in. Further, despite the Chinese government’s strict isolation orders, they found the thorough testing and use of the coronavirus tracking app reassuring. This suggests the importance of providing not only mental care for expatriates during the COVID-19 epidemic but also prompt decision-making based on an accurate understanding of the local situation.
{"title":"A Questionnaire Survey of the Mental Health of Japanese Expatriates in China During the COVID-19 Epidemic in 2021","authors":"Yukari Kamei, A. Hamada","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0209","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Japanese expatriates living in China. The survey period was from March 30 to July 31, 2021; responses were received via an online survey. An online survey gathered responses from 236 participants about the impact of COVID-19 on their work and life. While 80% of the participants responded that COVID-19 had impacted their work and life, 60% said that it had a physical or mental impact. Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were conducted to compare the effects of COVID-19 on job performance, including personal attributes. The impact of COVID-19 was associated with gender (p = .007), age (p = .010), occupation (p = .005), job title (p = .009), and living arrangements with or without a partner (p = .005). The impact was also correlated with age (p = .030), job position (p = .014), number of times the respondent had lived in Japan (p = .003), and number of years in Japan (p = .015). The most significant effect on mental and physical health was correlated with job position (p = .016). Thus, Japanese expatriates living in China were substantially affected by the COVID-19 epidemic; although, 60% of them said their region was easy to live in. Further, despite the Chinese government’s strict isolation orders, they found the thorough testing and use of the coronavirus tracking app reassuring. This suggests the importance of providing not only mental care for expatriates during the COVID-19 epidemic but also prompt decision-making based on an accurate understanding of the local situation.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanan Hirano, Y. Fukushima, Hiroaki Maruya, M. Kido, Motoaki Sugiura
As a countermeasure against M8–9 class Nankai Trough earthquakes, the Japan Meteorological Agency started a service to release “Nankai Trough Earthquake Extra Information (Megathrust Earthquake Alert).” This alert is released after an M8.0 or higher earthquake occurs and the possibility of a subsequent earthquake is evaluated to be higher than usual. This is an innovative attempt at disaster mitigation in Japan as it encourages residents in the predefined area to pre-evacuate for one week when tsunami risk is higher. However, the factors influencing the evacuation behavior of residents are unknown. In this study, we investigated factors contributing to residents’ pre-event evacuation intentions using the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. We focused on the extent to which the recognition of the hazards and risks of the Nankai Trough earthquake and the response to the Extra Information, which are changeable by the local governments’ public relations activities, contributed to pre-event evacuation intentions after controlling for disaster-related general attitude and sociodemographic factors. Further, we paid special attention to residents’ degree of recognition of this information by checking the accuracy of their understanding of whether they lived within the pre-event evacuation area. The results showed that the recognition factors were relevant but less so than the general attitude toward disaster and more so than the sociodemographic factors. In addition, residents’ recognition accuracy was low. Our results suggest that it is important for local governments to make adequate efforts to encourage residents to evacuate.
{"title":"The Anticipated Nankai Trough Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan: Determinant Factors of Residents’ Pre-Event Evacuation Intentions","authors":"Kanan Hirano, Y. Fukushima, Hiroaki Maruya, M. Kido, Motoaki Sugiura","doi":"10.20965/jdr.2023.p0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0233","url":null,"abstract":"As a countermeasure against M8–9 class Nankai Trough earthquakes, the Japan Meteorological Agency started a service to release “Nankai Trough Earthquake Extra Information (Megathrust Earthquake Alert).” This alert is released after an M8.0 or higher earthquake occurs and the possibility of a subsequent earthquake is evaluated to be higher than usual. This is an innovative attempt at disaster mitigation in Japan as it encourages residents in the predefined area to pre-evacuate for one week when tsunami risk is higher. However, the factors influencing the evacuation behavior of residents are unknown. In this study, we investigated factors contributing to residents’ pre-event evacuation intentions using the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. We focused on the extent to which the recognition of the hazards and risks of the Nankai Trough earthquake and the response to the Extra Information, which are changeable by the local governments’ public relations activities, contributed to pre-event evacuation intentions after controlling for disaster-related general attitude and sociodemographic factors. Further, we paid special attention to residents’ degree of recognition of this information by checking the accuracy of their understanding of whether they lived within the pre-event evacuation area. The results showed that the recognition factors were relevant but less so than the general attitude toward disaster and more so than the sociodemographic factors. In addition, residents’ recognition accuracy was low. Our results suggest that it is important for local governments to make adequate efforts to encourage residents to evacuate.","PeriodicalId":46831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disaster Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42571667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. A. Sujatmiko, K. Ichii, Soichiro Murata, I. Mulia
The accuracy of numerical simulations of a landslide-induced tsunami depends on the landslide characteristics, such as landslide geometry and geotechnical parameters. However, owing to the difficulty in sampling and measuring submarine landslides, rough assumptions of landslide parameters typically lead to significant uncertainties. In the 2018 Palu event, the earthquake was followed by immediate cascading disasters of coastal subsidence, both land and submarine landslides and a tsunami. This scenario provides opportunities to analyze landslide phenomena on land to characterize the submarine landslide causing the tsunami. This study proposes a new approach of using shear-stress parameters obtained from liquefaction analyses as input for landslide-induced tsunami simulation. To obtain the submarine landslide parameter, using the finite element method we modeled the liquefaction happened in Jono-Oge located near Palu Valley area. The shear-stress in this area was quite small with the range 1.5–3.5 kPa. We found that tsunami simulation yielded better accuracy by applying the stress value range obtained from the liquefaction analysis on land (1.5 kPa) rather than the typically adopted stress value for general cases (20 kPa). The result from the tsunami simulation using two-layer method with identical landslide location and geometry showed that shear-stress value of landslide mass gave quite a significant effect to the tsunami height.
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